Rasashastra, Indian Alchemy involves various processes of transformation to make metals and minerals more assimilable in the body. A careful survey of original texts on Rasashastra shows that subject covers the entire field of inorganic pharmaceutical preparation like metallic, non metallic and organo metallic compounds of Ayurvedic Material Media. Shodhana, Marana, Amruthikarana etc. of the substance are done with some special processes and thereafter can be used therapeutically. Swarnamakshika is one of the Maharasa Varga Dravya which is said as Rasendra Prana. It acts as Rasayana and Vrishya and has importance in both Lohavada and Dehavada. In the present study, raw Swarnamakshika is subjected to Shodhana with Saindhava lavana and Nimbu Swarasa using Bharjana process. Marana of Swarnamakshika is carried out with Gandhaka as Maraka Dravya and subjecting to Varaha puta. Standard Operating Procedure SOP aim to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance. In the present study, Swarnamakshika Bhasma was prepared and analysed using various physical parameters and modern analytical instruments like XRD, FTIR, SEM EDS, N.P.S.T. and Particle size analyser. Dr. Prajna Hegde | Dr. Ravi Chavan "Standardising Manufacturing Process of Swarnamakshika Bhasma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59927.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59927/standardising-manufacturing-process-of-swarnamakshika-bhasma/dr-prajna-hegde
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Aushada is one which can be taken in disease, in alpha matra, even in severe condition, many doshas involved. Taken in specific disease, aushada which is of good quality, in proper dose should destroy it, without any complications.
Rasa ratna samuchchaya have dedicated a separate chapter for rasashala which can be corelated to GMP in present era.
It is important to keep in mind that all of these texts were written between the first and the sixteenth centuries. Hence everything is ideally provided in such a description, including the choice of location, water and light facilities, raw material availability, air ventilation, etc. Not only that, but careful consideration is also given to precise and well-considered instructions about staffing levels, financial requirements, and security in various departments in rasashala.
Rasamandap in present era mimics the R&D sector. Just as Rasamandap is designated as a confidential and sterile space, the R&D sector similarly emphasizes the importance of maintaining confidentiality in drug development or research works conducted and also aseptic conditions has to be maintained in that sector.
The document discusses the philosophy and practice of Ayurveda alchemy (Rasashastra) in India. It notes that Ayurveda incorporates substances from minerals, plants, and animals for medicinal purposes. Mercury and metals were traditionally used internally according to classical Ayurvedic texts. However, improper preparation methods have led to toxicity in some modern Ayurvedic preparations. Proper purification techniques can reportedly remove toxicity, but quality control remains an issue given the tradition of using heavy metals and minerals. The document outlines the historical use of alchemy in Ayurveda and provides photos of traditional preparation methods.
This document discusses various yantras (apparatuses) used in classical Ayurvedic rasashastra. It describes common yantras like Dola Yantra, Khalwa Yantra, Patana Yantra, and their uses. It provides details on the construction and functioning of specific yantras like Kachapa Yantra, Damaru Yantra, and Lavana Yantra. The document emphasizes that yantras play an important role in processes like purification, heating, and extraction in rasashastra.
Pharmaceutico Analytical Study of Chandrahasa Rasa A Unique Formulationijtsrd
Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicine, is momentous in audience of worldwide on virtue of its holistic approach of life. Rasaushadhis in Ayurveda have a wide range of therapeutic utility due to their prolonged shelf life, finer particles size, being tasteless, odourless, minimum dose, quick action, makes them more effective and unique. With proper anupana, herbo mineral formulations act effectively in a variety of pathological conditions. Jwara is considered as Rogadhipati i.e., most serious and king of all diseases in which the mind, sense organs and the body all are affected Dehendriya mana santapakara . Chandrahasa Rasa CR is an unique herbo mineral Kharaliya Rasayana mentioned in Vaidya Chintamani of 16thAD constituting 14 ingredients with 5 bhavana dravyas which is solely indicated in Ashta vidha Jwara and 13 Sannipataja Jwara. Physical test shows CR is Greenish Brown in colour with pH 4.56±0.10 and Mean particle size of CR is 639.8 nm. XRD study compared with 2 angle and JCPDF standards and confirms that CR is a compound of Metacinnabar in cubic crystal system, Sulphur in Orthorhombic crystal system, Arsenic di sulphide and Sodium hydroxide borate hydrate are Monoclinic crystal system. Elements present in CR as confirmed by the EDS study are C, O, Na, S, Cl, K, As, and Hg in the Weight percentage of 49.95, 26.45, 0.76,10.38,0.29,4.38,2.64 and 5.15 respectively. Dr. Vachana K D | Dr. Laxmi B Kurle "Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Chandrahasa Rasa - A Unique Formulation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59932.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59932/pharmaceuticoanalytical-study-of-chandrahasa-rasa--a-unique-formulation/dr-vachana-k-d
This document provides information on Kupi Pakwa preparations in Ayurveda. It discusses the evolution and history of Kupi Pakwa in classical texts from the 13th century to the 19th century. It covers the specifications, classifications, methodology, and rationale behind where the finished product is deposited. Several common Kupi Pakwa preparations are described including their ingredients and references. The document concludes by discussing the therapeutic uses and market availability of these preparations.
This document discusses Kushta, a traditional herbo-mineral formulation used in Unani medicine. It provides background on traditional medicine practices in South Asia. Kushta is described as a finely powdered blend of minerals and herbal extracts prepared through a process of calcination. This results in nanoparticles that are easily absorbed and potent. The document outlines the historical origins and development of Unani medicine. It explains the preparation process for Kushta and some potential mechanisms of action. Some commonly used Kushta formulations are listed along with their herbal ingredients and medicinal uses. In summary, the document provides an overview of Kushta as a traditional herbo-mineral dosage form in Unani medicine, including its
This document discusses Kushta, a traditional herbo-mineral formulation used in Unani medicine. It provides background on traditional medicine practices in South Asia. Kushta is described as a finely powdered blend of minerals and herbal extracts prepared through a process of calcination. This results in nanoparticles that are easily absorbed and potent. The document outlines the historical origins and development of Unani medicine. It explains the preparation process for Kushta and some potential mechanisms of action. Some examples of specific Kushta formulations are provided along with their herbal ingredients and medicinal uses. Overall, the document provides an overview of Kushta as a dosage form in Unani medicine, including its preparation, properties, and applications
Pharmaceutico Analytical Study of Soota Taila An Inimitable Formulationijtsrd
Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicines, is momentous in audience of worldwide on virtue of its holistic approach of life.Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is specialized branch in the field of Ayurveda which deals with pharmaceutical and therapeutic scopes, the nature possesses an immense valuable and powerful medicine in form of metals, minerals and plants.Soota taila is unique preparation mentioned in Rasa Ratna Sammucchaya. This formulation is prepared like that of dhruti preparation, having ingredients like Shuddha Parada, Shuddha Gandhaka, Shuddha Manashila, Shuddha Haratala, Tila taila and Kanjika aid in managing conditions like Kampavata Parkinson’s disease , Bahukampa, Shirakampa head tremor , Janghakampa, Ekangavata hemiplegia and all the various types of vata vyadhi’s. Physical test shows Loss on Drying at 105°C is 0.01 , Saponification value is 187.95 , Iodine value is 111.67 , Acid value is 2.02 , Peroxide value is 5.15 , Ester value is 185.93, Refractive index at 30°C is 1.451, Specific gravity is 0.9435, Weight gm per ml is 0.9373 gm ml, Viscosity at 30°C is 94.6031 cP, Rancidity test Kreis test is Negative, Total aerobic counts is Nil, Total fungal count is Nil. FTIR analysis states soota taila contains d lactone, Conjugated anhydride, Tertiary alcohol, Sulfone, Fluro compound, Sulfonamide, Sulfonic acid anhydrous hydride, Ester, Sulfate, Sulfonyl chloride, Fluoro compound, Phenol, 1, 4 disubstituted or 1,2,3,4 tetrasubstituted and 1, 3 disubstituted, Halo compound. This shows the presence of organic compounds in the drugs. HPTLC Shows presence of various functional groups such as HPTLC technique major phytochemical present in the drug or formulation can be estimated. Considering all analytical parameters through the study conducted, one can conclude that Soota Taila may benefit in managing conditions like Kampavata Parkinson’s disease , Bahukampa, Shirakampa head tremor , Janghakampa, Ekangavata hemiplegia and all the various types of vata vyadhi’s as mentioned in the classics. Dr. Saba Tarannum | Dr. Ravi R Chavan | Dr. Usha M "Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Soota Taila- An Inimitable Formulation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59964.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/59964/pharmaceuticoanalytical-study-of-soota-taila-an-inimitable-formulation/dr-saba-tarannum
Review Article on Chaturvidha Svedana and it’s Clinical Applicationijtsrd
Swedana sudation medicated Vapour is an independent Upakrama therapy as included under the Shadavidha Upkramas as well as Purva Karma measures prepurificatory proce dure . Susruta and Vagbhata mentioned the four types of Swedana sudation viz Tapa Sveda, Ushma Sveda, Drava Sveda, Upanaha Sveda. Dalhana has included 13 types of Saagni Svedas of Charaka in these 4 types of Svedas i.e. Tapa sveda as Jentaka, Karshu, Kuti, Kupa, Holaka. Ushma Sveda as Sankara, Prastara, Ashmaghana, Nadi, Kumbhi, Bhu. Drava Sveda as Parisheka and Avagahana. The Perspiration produced by Svedana is more than the normal. Svedana drugs posses the Ushna and Tikshna guna by this which are penetreate in to microcirculatory channels srotas and activates the sweat glands produces more heat. Acharyas describes effects of Swedana sudation as Gauravghana, Sheetaghana, Agnideepti, Twaka mardavata, Twak Prasadan and Sandhichestakar.Svedana is applied for Purification of the body as well as in the management of various disorders originated due to vitiation of vata kapha dosha, meda dhatu and various musculo skeletal disoreders. Svedana karma maintains the thermoregulatory system in the body by maintaining the equilibrium between core temp temp inside the body shell temperature temperature outside the body Dr. Radha Sheshanagoudar | Dr. G. S Badarinath | Dr. Supriya. Bhosale "Review Article on Chaturvidha Svedana and it’s Clinical Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49522.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/49522/review-article-on-chaturvidha-svedana-and-it’s-clinical-application/dr-radha-sheshanagoudar
A Critical Review on Clinical Application of Sadvidhopakramaijtsrd
The eternal science of life Ayurveda has indicated various types of chikitsa for the management of diseases among these the chikitsa mentioned sadvidhopakrama where is lot of significance. Now a days our way of living lifestyle is drastically changing and our desires are growing day by day this results in excessive growing needs of people due to which they are facing numerous diseases or illness in the letter stage of life. These are mainly caused by lack of physical activities and unhealthy eating habits. in ayurvedic text acharyas have mentioned the origin of diseases is broadly classified in a two ways 1.santarpana Janya vyadhis. 2.apatarpana Janya vyadhis. Acharya charaka emphasized on the concept that method of treatment depends on the Intelligence and of a physician, considered a part of yuktivyapshraya chikitsa. sadvidhopakrama plans to act by balancing the proportion of Panchamahabhutas in the body, result of any upakrama is dosasamyata, whatever may be the treatment modalities it will come under the peerview of Sadu pakrama, that is reason these principles of sadvidhopakrama are implemented in day today clinical practices. Dr. Rajine. ET | Dr. Mahantesh R. Sajjanshetty. | Dr. G. N. Kannoli. "A Critical Review on Clinical Application of Sadvidhopakrama" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd58594.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/58594/a-critical-review-on-clinical-application-of-sadvidhopakrama/dr-rajine-et
Management of A Ruksha Dagdha Vrana by Treatment Procedures used in Rajasekar...ijtsrd
Burn injuries are most devastating and painful condition causing major physical, mental, emotional and social trauma. In Sri Lanka, ~10 000 injuries and 100 deaths are burn related annually. Affected patients may lead into post burn complications like contractures, pigmented scar and keloid formation. This study was done in search of more effective, eco friendly and cost effective way to treat burns and to avoid post burn complications. A case report of second degree burn has been presented here. A male patient of 43 years of age presented with complaints of burns over both upper limbs and face due to a burst gas stove. He was associated with pain, burning sensation and slight discharge. The patient was treated with polyherbal internal and external medications used in Rajasekara tradition for a period of 21 days. Changes in subjective and objective parameters were observed during treatments and for a follow up period of 2 weeks. Pain and burning sensation were completely relieved on day 14. Oedematous red coloured wound presented at the beginning was minimal with the treatments. Appearance of healthy granulation tissue was present at the end of treatments. No post burn complications like contractures of the skin and keloid formation were identified during follow up period of 2 weeks. Sulahara, vedanasthapana and ushna guna of ingredients in formulations might support in subsiding pain while sheeta virya benefited in relieving burning sensation. Kasaya rasa, vranaropaka, vranashodana, snehana, krimihara, tvagdosahara, varnya, bhutaghna, lekhana guna facilitated in proper burn wound healing without post burn complications. Charitha. L. Muthukuda | Padmasiri Rajasekara "Management of A Ruksha Dagdha Vrana by Treatment Procedures used in Rajasekara Tradition - A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43736.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/ayurvedic/43736/management-of-a-ruksha-dagdha-vrana-by-treatment-procedures-used-in-rajasekara-tradition--a-case-study/charitha-l-muthukuda
Pharmaceutico Analytical Study of Trivanga Bhasmaijtsrd
Trivanga Bhasma is an Ayurvedic formulation of Naga Lead , Vanga Tin and Yashada Zinc . It is a classical ethical economical medicament, effective in endocrinal disorders, pharmaceutical processing as per text with systematic observation and technological updating is carried out in this work. The classical combinations of three metals starting with Vanga followed by Naga and Yashada has attributed the name ”˜Trivanga’ to it. All the three metals produce putrid smell on heating hence are categorized as Puti lohas To obtain good quality Trivanga Bhasma 10 Laghu Putas with an average temperature of 4750 C ”“ 5750 C is required. Quantitative analysis of Trivanga Bhasma contains Tin 28.4 , Lead ”“ 17.72 , and Zinc ”“ 29.23 . The XRD report of Trivanga Bhasma revels that it is complex of three compounds Viz. SnO2, PbO, ZnO. Dr. Abdul Kareem H "Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Trivanga Bhasma" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd53908.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/ayurvedic/53908/pharmaceuticoanalytical-study-of-trivanga-bhasma/dr-abdul-kareem-h
This method of Gandhaka shodhana is done by puta method. slide describes the process and benefit of this process over other processes of gandhaka shodhana. Hope so it will be useful for ayurveda scholars.
Women are the most beautiful gorgeous creature in the world. Health state of women is very important for the society for its growth and prosperity.Due to lack of time, house hold work and pressure from the family many women suffer with different gynaecological disorder like white discharge per vagina, foul smell, itching, redness swelling etc. In such condition sthanika chikitsa explained in ayurveda works wonderful, can maintain genitals healthy. Sthanika chikitsa done with care will help to have the name and fame for vaidyas. Dr. Laxmi Metri "A Review on Yoni Dhupana" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52652.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/52652/a-review-on-yoni-dhupana/dr-laxmi-metri
Oct 2008 - Journey of vaidyagrama - Ayurveda healing village ramkumar1
Punarnava Ayurveda\'s Ayurveda healing village is getting ready and will be open to the world in early 2009. It is a green self-sustained authentic Ayurveda hospital/community where we are trying to bring in various elements of compliance like authentic Ayurveda compliance, green compliance, vastu compliance, disability compliance etc. Welcome to authentic Ayurveda care! Here are the October 2008 news & views for you.
A Review on Rasadhyaya: It's Importance In Alchemyijtsrd
According to the development chronology,the use of Rasa Chikitsa Started from the 7th century to the 10th or 11th century. With the use of Rasa-Rasayanadi, success in Dehavada & Lohavada began to be successful and the attitude of Acharyas towards Rasa Chikitsa. In the tradition of Rasa Chikitsa, the Rasadhyaya written by Siddha Kankayala and his disciple comes. Rasadhyaya also comes in the classical treatise in high quality Rasagranthas. Its shaili (style), bhasha (language), nirmana prakara (method of drug formulations) & mana nirupana (value representation) etc. keeps its own space. In this article, the special description of Rasadhyaya & the contribution of Rasadhyaya in Rasa shastra has been described. Dr. Kavita | Dr. Gajendra Sahu | Dr. M. K. Dash | Dr. S. M. Parhate | Dr. K. S. Karbhal "A Review on Rasadhyaya: Its Importance In Alchemy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7188.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/7188/a-review-on-rasadhyaya-its-importance-in-alchemy/dr-kavita
- Ancient Indians achieved great progress in alchemy (early form of chemistry) and metallurgy. Skilled metallurgists produced an iron pillar over 1600 years ago that remains resistant to corrosion due to traditional Indian metallurgical techniques.
- Nagarjuna was a prominent scholar of alchemy in ancient India. An alchemical laboratory from his time has been recreated, featuring various instruments used for processes like distillation, sublimation, and purification of substances.
- Ancient Indian texts provide evidence that sophisticated metallurgical and chemical processes were employed, including understanding of concepts like atoms and phase changes. Instruments indicate experimentation with extraction, purification and transformation of substances.
Similar to Standardising Manufacturing Process of Swarnamakshika Bhasma (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Delegation Inheritance in Odoo 17 and Its Use CasesCeline George
There are 3 types of inheritance in odoo Classical, Extension, and Delegation. Delegation inheritance is used to sink other models to our custom model. And there is no change in the views. This slide will discuss delegation inheritance and its use cases in odoo 17.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
Beyond the Advance Presentation for By the Book 9John Rodzvilla
In June 2020, L.L. McKinney, a Black author of young adult novels, began the #publishingpaidme hashtag to create a discussion on how the publishing industry treats Black authors: “what they’re paid. What the marketing is. How the books are treated. How one Black book not reaching its parameters casts a shadow on all Black books and all Black authors, and that’s not the same for our white counterparts.” (Grady 2020) McKinney’s call resulted in an online discussion across 65,000 tweets between authors of all races and the creation of a Google spreadsheet that collected information on over 2,000 titles.
While the conversation was originally meant to discuss the ethical value of book publishing, it became an economic assessment by authors of how publishers treated authors of color and women authors without a full analysis of the data collected. This paper would present the data collected from relevant tweets and the Google database to show not only the range of advances among participating authors split out by their race, gender, sexual orientation and the genre of their work, but also the publishers’ treatment of their titles in terms of deal announcements and pre-pub attention in industry publications. The paper is based on a multi-year project of cleaning and evaluating the collected data to assess what it reveals about the habits and strategies of American publishers in acquiring and promoting titles from a diverse group of authors across the literary, non-fiction, children’s, mystery, romance, and SFF genres.
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)- Concept, Features, Elements, Role of advertising in IMC
Advertising: Concept, Features, Evolution of Advertising, Active Participants, Benefits of advertising to Business firms and consumers.
Classification of advertising: Geographic, Media, Target audience and Functions.
Understanding and Interpreting Teachers’ TPACK for Teaching Multimodalities i...Neny Isharyanti
Presented as a plenary session in iTELL 2024 in Salatiga on 4 July 2024.
The plenary focuses on understanding and intepreting relevant TPACK competence for teachers to be adept in teaching multimodality in the digital age. It juxtaposes the results of research on multimodality with its contextual implementation in the teaching of English subject in the Indonesian Emancipated Curriculum.
The Value of Time ~ A Story to Ponder On (Eng. & Chi.).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint presentation on the importance of time management based on a meaningful story to ponder on. The texts are in English and Chinese.
For the Video (texts in English and Chinese) with audio narration and explanation in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtjLnxEBKo
The Jewish Trinity : Sabbath,Shekinah and Sanctuary 4.pdfJackieSparrow3
we may assume that God created the cosmos to be his great temple, in which he rested after his creative work. Nevertheless, his special revelatory presence did not fill the entire earth yet, since it was his intention that his human vice-regent, whom he installed in the garden sanctuary, would extend worldwide the boundaries of that sanctuary and of God’s presence. Adam, of course, disobeyed this mandate, so that humanity no longer enjoyed God’s presence in the little localized garden. Consequently, the entire earth became infected with sin and idolatry in a way it had not been previously before the fall, while yet in its still imperfect newly created state. Therefore, the various expressions about God being unable to inhabit earthly structures are best understood, at least in part, by realizing that the old order and sanctuary have been tainted with sin and must be cleansed and recreated before God’s Shekinah presence, formerly limited to heaven and the holy of holies, can dwell universally throughout creation
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Webinar Innovative assessments for SOcial Emotional SkillsEduSkills OECD
Presentations by Adriano Linzarini and Daniel Catarino da Silva of the OECD Rethinking Assessment of Social and Emotional Skills project from the OECD webinar "Innovations in measuring social and emotional skills and what AI will bring next" on 5 July 2024
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Kalyan Matka Kalyan Result Satta Matka Result Satta Matka Kalyan Satta Matka Kalyan Open Today Satta Matka Kalyan
Kalyan today kalyan trick kalyan trick today kalyan chart kalyan today free game kalyan today fix jodi kalyan today matka kalyan today open Kalyan jodi kalyan jodi trick today kalyan jodi trick kalyan jodi ajj ka.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
This presentation, crafted for the Kubernetes Village at BSides Bangalore 2024, delves into the essentials of bypassing Falco, a leading container runtime security solution in Kubernetes. Tailored for beginners, it covers fundamental concepts, practical techniques, and real-world examples to help you understand and navigate Falco's security mechanisms effectively. Ideal for developers, security professionals, and tech enthusiasts eager to enhance their expertise in Kubernetes security and container runtime defenses.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD59927 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 5 | Sep-Oct 2023 Page 357
the bottom of the iron vessel attained red hot. The
mixture was washed thoroughly with hot water for
two times and kept spread for drying on a clean cloth.
Observations:
The color of homogenous mixture of
Swarnamakshika churna and Saindhava lavana
was greyish black. When Nimbuka swarasa added
to it, the color turned to slight greenish and the
mixture became paste like.
Soon after five minutes of heating bubbles started
appearing in the mixture. And the mixture became
more liquid in nature than before.
After fifteen minutes of heating the mixture
became sticky and attained semisolid state. And
the color of the mixture was blackish gray.
Sulphur smell noticed after 15 minutes of heating.
With the course of time of heating the mixture
was turned into red from blackish gray.
After 1hour 45 minutes of heating the bottom of
the iron vessel became red hot.
2. Gandhaka shodhana by kurmaputa method.4
Earthen pot was smeared with Ghrita and 1.5 liters of
fresh cow’s milk was poured, & its mouth was
covered with a single layer of white cotton cloth and
tied properly with a thread. Gandhaka was spread
over the cloth uniformly and covered with loha
Sharava. Loha Sharava was covered with 11 cow
dung cakes and fire was set with camphor. After
SwangaSheeta the pot was removed out from the pit,
cloth tied over the mouth was removed. Granules of
Shodhita Gandhaka which were immersed in milk
were separated, washed with hot water thoroughly
and dried under shade. This procedure was repeated
for 2 more times by using fresh cow’s milk. Total
10kgs of Gandhaka shodhana was carried out using
this method in 20 batches.
Observations:
After Shodhana colour of the milk turned to
yellowish white.
Smell of the milk was of mild sulphur.
All mud particles and dust present in Gandhaka
were separated out over the cloth during the first
procedure.
Shodhita Gandhaka was of pale yellow colour &
shiny.
Shodhita Gandhaka was in granular form and few
were streak-like, fully immersed in the milk. Few
minute granules were seen floating on the milk.
3. Marana of Swarnamakshika.5
It was carried out in different stages viz:
A. Bhavana with Nimbu swarasa.:
600gms of Shoditha Swarnamakshika was taken in
Khalvayantra. Equal quantity of fine powder of
Shodhita Gandhaka mixed with Shodhita
Swarnamakshika for first 10 putas. After that Half
quantity of Shodhita Gandhaka was added for each
puta. This mixture was triturated with sufficient
quantity of Nimbu Swarasa for 6 hours. Trituration
was done until whole mass attains a viscous and
semisolid state.
B. Preparation of Chakrikas.
After attaining appropriate consistency, Chakrikas
were prepared of size 3-4cm Diameter, 2-2.5mm
thickness and dried completely.
C. Sharava Samputa formation.
Two concave earthen Sharava of equal size were
taken. Dried Chakrikas were kept in earthen sharava
and arranged in two layers. Another sharava was
placed over it to make samputa. Gap between two
sharavas was properly sealed with one layer of
Multani mitti smeared thread and then with seven
layers of multani mitti lepita vastra or cloth.
D. Varaha Puta:
Size and Shape: Varaha puta was given by using the
pit of following dimensions. Height -43cm (22
angula), Depth- 43cm (22 angula), Width - 43cm (22
angula).
Fuel: Cow dung cakes weighing 12 kg.
2/3rd
part of the pit was filled with 72 cow dungs
weighing 8 kgs and sharava samputa was placed over
it. Thermocouple of the pyrometer was placed
horizontally from the side of the pit at the junction
between lower 2/3rd
upper 1/3rd
of the cow dung
cakes. Remaining 1/3rd
portion of pit was filled with
24 cowdung cakes weighing 4 kgs. To facilitate easy
catching of the fire, camphor balls were placed on
four corners of the puta and cow dung cakes were
ignited. The temperature was recorded with the help
of Thermocouple with pyrometer. After self-cooling
sharava samputa was taken out of pit and opened
cautiously and Swarnamakshika bhasma was
collected and weighed.
Observations:
The maximum temperature was recorded 850 °C.
Total time taken for burning of cow dung cakes
was 4 hrs and for completes self-cooling 20hours.
Sulphur fumes were observed after 1 hour.
All Bhasma siddhi lakshanas attained after 20
varaha putas.
Amritikarana of Swarnamakshika.6
There is no direct reference available for
Swarnamakshika Bhasma - Amritikarana in the
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classics. As Swarnamakshika contains Tamra as one
of the constituents, the Amritikarana methods
adopted for Tamra Bhasma can be implemented. In
the present study, 1 part of Swarnamakshika Bhasma
and ½ part of Shodhita Gandhaka was taken in
khalvayantra and bhavana given with Nimbu
swarasa. After attainment of proper consistency, a
bolus was formed weighing 700gms.
Two Surana kandas one weighing about 810gms and
another 760gms was selected and a cavity is created
using a knife, inside this cavity bolus of
Swarnamakshika Bhasma placed and the cavity is
again covered with another Surana kanda and the
sandhibandana was done with 7 layers of Multani
mitti lepita vastra. After drying it was subjected to
Gajaputa. Vanopalas used is 31kg.
Observations:
The maximum temperature recorded was 7520
C.
Mild Sulphur odour was observed.
The colour of Bolus was greyish black.
Lohitikarana Of Swarnamakshika7
The process is done to regain the colour of bhasma
which is lost in the process of Amritikarana. In
process the bhasma is given bhavana with
Raktavarga dravyas and subjected to 2-3 Gajaputas.
In the present study, to 680gms of Amrithikrita
Swarnamakshika Bhasma 200ml of Manjishta
Kashaya is added and bhavana was done until
subhavita lakshanas are seen. Chakrikas were
prepared and dried. After drying of chakrikas they
were placed in two earthern sharavas and
sandhibandhana was done. When it gets dried, it was
subjected to 2 Gajaputas.
Observations:
The maximum temperature recorded was 8060
C.
Sulphur odour was observed.
The colour of chakrikas were reddish brown.
RESULTS
1. Pharmaceutical Study Results
Table No.01: Showing results of Swarrnamakshika Shodhana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika taken Quantity of Swarnamakshika obtained Loss Yield %
1000gms 960gms 40gms 96%
Table No.02: Showing results of Gandhaka Shodhana
Batch Quantity of Gandhaka taken Quantity of Gandhaka obtained Loss Yield %
I 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
II 500gms 405gms 95gms 81%
III 500gms 442gms 58gms 88.4%
IV 500gms 440gms 60gms 88%
V 500gms 350gms 150gms 70%
VI 500gms 360gms 140gms 72%
VII 500gms 410gms 90gms 82%
VIII 500gms 380gms 120gms 76%
IX 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
X 500gms 450gms 50gms 90%
XI 500gms 435gms 75gms 87%
XII 500gms 430gms 70gms 86%
XIII 500gms 365gms 135gms 73%
XIV 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
XV 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
XVI 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
XVII 500gms 440gms 60gms 88%
XVIII 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
IX 500gms 440gms 60gms 88%
XX 500gms 400gms 100gms 80%
Table No.03: Showing results of Swarnamakshika Marana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
taken for Marana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
obtained after 20 puta
Loss Yield %
600gms 410gms 190gms 68.333%
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Table No.04: Showing results of Swarnamakshika Amrithikarana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
before Amrithikarana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
after Amrithikarana
Loss Yield %
700gms 680gms 20gms 97.1%
Table No.05: Showing results of Swarnamakshika Lohitikarana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
before Lohitikarana
Quantity of Swarnamakshika
after Lohitikarana
Loss Yield %
680gms 400gms 280gms 58.82%
2. Analytical Study Results
Table No.06: Showing classical parameters of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Rekha purnata Varitartva Amla dadhi pareeksha Nishchandratva
2nd
puta Negative Negative Negative Negative
5th
puta Negative Negative Positive Negative
10th
puta Negative Negative Positive Negative
11th
puta Positive Negative Positive Negative
15th
puta Positive Negative Positive Negative
20th
puta Positive Partially positive Positive Positive
Table No.07: Showing organoleptic characters of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Table No.08: Showing results Physical Tests of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
LSMB
PH
Value 6.0
Ash Value 124±2.17
Acid Insoluble Ash 53.44±0.02
Water Soluble Ash 57.33±0.01
Loss on drying at 1050
C 0.98±0.01
Table No.09: Showing results of XRD Study of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
2-Theta d
27.08 3.290
28.528 3.126
33.83 2.647
35.481 2.528
39.25 2.293
43.18 2.093
47.44 1.915
48.648 1.870
49.034 1.856
57.12 1.611
62.66 1.4814
79.54 1.204
Table No.10: Showing SEM EDS results of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Sl no Element Weight % Atomic %
1 O 34.73 61.98
2 S 14.20 12.64
3 Fe 41.03 20.97
4 Cu 8.59 3.86
5 As 1.45 0.55
Physical test Observation
Colour A. Reddish brown
Odour B. Odourless
Taste C. Tasteless
Touch D. Fine
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Table No. 11: Showing results of FTIR of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Sample peaks Cm-1 Bond Functional groups
3786.46 O-H (free) phenols
3657.06 O-H (stretching) Alcohol
3434.74 N-H (stretching) Primary amine
2920.28 O-H (strong) Carboxylic acid
2851.49 N-H (stretching) Amine salt
2051.56 C=C=N (stretching) Ketenimine
1634.93 C=C (Stretching) Cyclic alkene
1463.33, 1384.26 C-H (bending) Alkane
1089.85 C-F Fluro compound
874.56 C=C Alkene
620.84 C-Br Bromide
596.68 C-Cl Chloride
Table No.12: Showing results Parcticle size analysis of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Mean diameter(nm) 816.4
Table No.13: Showing N.P.S.T. Result of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika Bhasma
Sample I phase(0-5min) II Phase(5-20min) III Phase (20 min-1hrs)
LSMB
Deep blue central drop was masked by
the presence of brownish particles due
to presence of brown coloured Bhasma.
Deep blue colour was visible in the
brim of brown spot.
Blue periphery expanded with light blue
periphery on time.
Deep blue central solid
spot with very light
blue periphery formed
and around this, visible
serrated blue and a
green margin encircle
was seen
Deep blue colored central
spot with white ring at the
periphery.
DISCUSSION
1. Swarnamakshika Shodhana by Bharjana:
In this method of Shodhana, the Nimbu swarasa
and Saindhava lavana were used for Shodhana by
Bharjana method.
Here the Swarnamakshika was fried with these
two drugs in presence of oxygen. By addition of
these two drugs there may be a chance of
formation of Hydrochloric acid in minute quantity
and by heating the impurities like carbonates etc.
may be get destroyed.
By continuous stirring and heating the arsenic
impurities may get evaporated resulting in
detoxification of Swarnamakshika.
Nimbu swarasa may give some organic qualities
to Swarnamakshika resulting in its potentisation.
And water-soluble impurities formed as a result
of chemical reaction may get dissolved in water
and removed when the Swarnamakshika was
washed with the hot water after completion of
Bharjana process.
The color of Swarnamakshika churna changed to
brownish at the end of procedure. This might due
to formation of iron oxide as the Bharjana was
done in the presence of oxygen. There was 60gms
of weight loss in this procedure, which might be
due to adherence of Swarnamakshika to an iron
vessel and also there may be a possibility of
weight loss while washing with hot water.
2. Gandhaka Shodhana:
Gandhaka Shodhana was done by Kurmaputa
method, using milk as a media
Melting of Gandhaka:
Sulphur can melt at two different temperatures
If heated rapidly, it melts at 112.80
C
But if heated slowly it will melt only at 118.60
C
In this case Sulphur is melted by steady rise of
temperature i.e., by the second way. At this
temperature, sulphur melts to form a light-yellow
liquid. At this point the S8 molecules are separating.In
this form the atoms are covalently bonded (sharing
electrons with one another) to form rings of eight.
These rings slide easily over one another but can't
connect or tangle, which is why the liquid is not
viscous. When this light-yellow molten sulphur is
poured into milk it solidifies as crystalline sulphur.
Godugdha as a media
Guru – snigdha guna and sheeta veerya of
godughdha pacifies the Teekshna, Ushnaguna of
Gandhaka.
The organic sulphur present in the protein of milk
might have a role in increasing bioavailability of
inorganic sulphur.
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Immersing the Molten Sulphur in to milk may
cause, higher porosity, lower mechanical strength,
and increase in the crystal size of Sulphur.
Since raw milk is the commonly recommended
antidote for poisoning, it might help in
neutralizing the sulphur poisoning.
Shuddha Gandhaka was brittle and shiny, may be
due to the change in crystalline structure while
passing through the stage of melting.
The impurities like mud or any other material gets
separated on the cloth as these impurities do not
melt or change at this temperature.
3. Swarnamakshika Marana:
Gandhaka is an important media used for Marana
of many metals and minerals including
Swarnamakshika. Being Ariloha it is said to
fasten up the Bhasmeekarana process.
Rasa Ratna samucchaya reference explains
Marana with Gandhaka in equal quantities,
where Bhasma gets formed in 5 Varaha Putas.
In Rasa Prakasa Sudhakara it is further explained
as the Gandhaka should be used in equal parts to
that of Swarnamakshika for first five Puta, then
reduce to half parts for the next Putas. Varaha
Puta is explained for Bhasmeekarana of
Swarnamakshika.
Copper and Iron when ignited with extra sulphur,
sulphides are formed which predominantly are
black in colour. (FeS, Cu2 S, CuS – Black). Puta
without Gandhaka along with organic minerals in
Nimbu swarasa aids in oxidation leading to
formation of reddish colour.
Sulphur act as better media in particle size
reduction.
4. Swarnamakshika Amrithikarna
Amrithikarana was done as it contained Tamra, as
told in classics for removal of leftover doshas.
Gajaputa was given in this process with temperature
reaching upto 752°C and time taken was 7 hrs. Some
amount of sulphur evaporated along with leftover
doshas.
5. Swarnamakshika Lohitikarana
Lohitikarana is the procedure done to regain the
varna of the Bhasma which is lost during Marana. In
the present study Swarnamakshika Marana was done
using Gandhaka as the Maraka Dravya due to which
the color of the Bhasma was black. The black colour
was due to the sulphides formed in the process of
puta. After Lohitikarana the colour of the Bhasma
turned to reddish brown.
Discussion on Analytical Study
Physical Tests
The pH value of LSMB and GPR are 6.0. The pH
around 6 implies that drug solubility isn’t affected
by hyperacidity or alkality in GI system and the
drug is better absorbed in the stomach.
The total ash value indicates the presence of
inorganic residues such as phosphates, carbonates
and silicates present in herbal drugs. This may be
due to the addition of trace elements during the
process of bhavana.
Acid insoluble ash signifies that a considerable
amount of drug is soluble in the acidic media of
stomach.
Loss on drying at 1100
C indicates very less
amount of moisture content and very rare chance
of bacterial and fungal growth.
Colony forming Units were 00 in both Bacterial
Count and Fungal Count tests which signifies that
the samples are devoid of contamination even in
non-sterile environment. This indicates that the
medicine has long shelf-life and is unharmed by
any environmental conditions.
Instrumental Analysis
2θ values of identified peaks from sample are
almost similar to the standard JCPDF numbers of
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) JCPDF Number – 00-039-
1346, Copper Oxide, (CuO) – 48-1548 and
Copper Iron Sulphide (CuFeS2) JCPDF Number –
00-041-1404. This indicates that Swarnamakshika
Bhasma contains Copper and Iron in its Oxides or
Sulphide forms which has better bioavailability in
the body.
Elements found in the sample are Cu, Fe, As, O,
S in the percentage of 8.59, 41.03, 1.45, 34.73
and 14.20 respectively. This shows that Iron is in
greater proportion and the elements may be in the
form of oxides and sulphides.
FTIR showed the presence of different functional
groups like Alcohol, Phenols, Alkanes, Alkenes,
Aromatics, Bromide, Iodide, Chloride, Ethers,
Carboxylic acids, Esters, Anhydrides, Amines,
Phenyl Ring Substitution Overtones, Primary and
secondary amines and amides. This shows the
presence of organic compounds in the drug.
Mean Particle size of Lohitikrita Swarnamakshika
Bhasma is 816.4nm. The particle size has an
important influence on dissolution rate. Smaller
the drug particle size larger the surface area, leads
to faster dissolution. Particle size reduction will
result in precise drug delivery and thereby
increasing the bio availability of the drug. It can
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be inferred that the repeated Bhavana(trituration)
and Puta (Incineration) aided in reducing the
particle size of the sample.
N.P.S.T is a modification of circular paper
chromatography. N.P.S test gives a clear
differentiation of individual products in a group
and also product can be identified by its classical
name not by the chemical name. The continual
chemical reactions taking place gradually
between 2 chemical substances on static media at
fraction of second and also after certain interval
of time are easily detected by their distinct colour
changes and the pattern of spot.
CONCLUSION
Swarnamakshika Bhasma is Tridoshaghna and
has Vrishya, Rasayana, Yogavahi,
Vishadoshahara etc. effect when administered
internally. Shodhana and Marana is an essential
step before usage, which will modify the raw
drugs into safe, bio-active, therapeutic form.
Physical tests showed Swarnamakshika Bhasma
is reddish brown in colour with pH
of 6.0.
NPST of Swarnamakshika Bhasma in 3rd
phase
showed a central deep blue colored spot with
white colored periphery.
Elements found in the sample are Cu, Fe, As, O, S
in the percentage of 8.59, 41.03, 1.45, 34.73 and
14.20 respectively.
2θ values of identified peaks from sample are
almost similar to the standard JCPDF numbers of
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) JCPDF Number – 00-039-
1346, Copper Oxide, (CuO) – 48-1548 and
Copper Iron Sulphide (CuFeS2) JCPDF Number –
00-041-1404.
FTIR showed the presence of different functional
groups like Alcohol, Phenols, Alkanes, Alkenes,
Aromatics, Bromide, Iodide, Chloride, Ethers,
Carboxylic acids, Esters, Anhydrides, Amines,
Phenyl Ring Substitution Overtones, Primary and
secondary amines and amides.
Mean particle size of Swarnamakshika Bhasma is
816.4nm.
Further experimental and clinical studies are
needed to prove the effect of Swarnamakshika
Bhasma on different diseases in which it has been
indicated.
FIGURES
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