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Stress in various environments and situations are significant predictors of childhood externalizing behaviors according to several research studies. Commonly, family environmental stress is correlated with externalizing behaviors in children. Studies found significant relationships between childhood externalizing behaviors and environmental hinderances to learning, prenatal exposure to methadone in mothers, and exposure to chronic maternal depression. Marital adjustment and lack of warmth in adoptive homes also predicted externalizing behaviors. Admission to in-patient psychiatric treatment was another significant predictor of externalizing behaviors in children.

WHAT PREDICTS
EXTERNALIZING
BEHAVIORS IN
CHILDHOOD?
PSYCH 4392: Capstone
By: Christy Crawford

“Externalizing symptoms, such as aggression, impulsivity, and inattention,
represent the most common forms of childhood maladjustment”
(Campbell et al, 2000) (Reuben et al, 2016, p.1083).
Parental stress may be a contributing factor to childhood externalizing behavior (Blader, 2006).
A pattern of children’s externalizing behaviors may be attributed to mothers who were in methadone or
buprenorphine treatment during pregnancy and during the years of early childhood development (Finger et al,
2017).
Childhood externalizing behavior may be linked to parenting practices, and lack of warmth in adoptive
parenting to inattention in children and aggressive, impulsive behaviors (Reuben et al, 2016).
Depression and marital adjustment may also be contributing factors to childhood externalizing behaviors (Yan
et al, 2019, p. 668).
Ratings of stress and admission to Psychiatric residential treatment may be significant in predicting childhood
externalizing behaviors. (Blader, 2006).

Research Study of Statistical Significance in Predictors of
Childhood Externalizing Behaviors
 Parenting temperament ranging from warmth to overactive
parenting a predictor of childhood externalizing behavior
with a p value of <.05 and <.01 (Reuben et al, 2015).
 Ratings of stress indicate a p value of significance <.0001
(Blader, 2006).
 Admission of children into Psychiatric residential
treatment; externalizing behavior had a p value of <.003
(Blader, 2006).
 A chronically depressed state in mothers was found to be
a predictor to childhood externalizing behavior with a p
value of <.025 (Trapolini et al, 2007).
 Environments which lack in learning opportunities had a
statistical significance of p <.001 in relation to childhood
externalizing behaviors (Finger et al, 2017).

Summary
Stress in various
environments and
situations as predictors of
childhood externalizing
behaviors.
Commonly stated these
research studies show
significant correlation to
family environmental stress.
Environmental hinderances
to learning, mothers in
prenatal methadone
treatment, and children’s
exposure to chronic mother’s
depression.
Marital adjustment effects
on the child’s environment.
Lack of warmth in the
environment of an adoptive
home.
A change of environment to
in-patient child Psychiatric
admission.

References
 Blader, J.C. (2006) Which family factors predict children’s externalizing behaviors following discharge from psychiatric
inpatient treatment? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1133-1142. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-
7610.2006.01651.x
 Campbell et al. (2000). Early externalizing behavior problems: toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment.
Development and Psychopathology, 12, 467-468.
 Finger, B., Jobin, A., Bernstein, V. & Hans, S. (2017) Parenting contributors to early emerging problem behavior in
children of mothers in methadone maintenance treatment. Infant and Child Development Journal, 1-18. doi:
10.1002/icd.2042
 Reuben et al. (2016) Warm Parenting and Effortful Control in Toddlerhood: Independent and Interactive Predictors of
School-Age Externalizing Behavior. The Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1083-1096. doi: 10.1007/s10802-
015-0096-6
 Trapolini, T., McMahon, C.A. and Ungerer, J.A. (2007). The effect of maternal depression and marital adjustment on
young children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Child: care, health and development, 33(6). 794-
803. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00739.x
 Yan, N., Wang, Y. & Ansari, A. (2019). Intrusive Parenting and Child Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: The
Antecedents and Consequences of Child-Driven Effects. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(6), 661-670. doi:
10.1037/tam0000551

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Adult Attachment as a Moderator of Treatment Outcome for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Comparison Between Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Plus Supportive Listening and CBT Plus Interpersonal and Emotional Processing Therapy Michelle G. Newman, Louis G. Castonguay, Nicholas C. Jacobson, and Ginger A. Moore The Pennsylvania State University Objective: To determine whether baseline dimensions of adult insecure attachment (avoidant and anxious) moderated outcome in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive– behavioral therapy (CBT) plus supportive listening (CBT � SL) versus CBT plus interpersonal and emotional processing therapy (CBT � I/EP). Method: Eighty-three participants diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were recruited from the community and assigned randomly to CBT � SL (n � 40) or to CBT � I/EP (n � 43) within a study using an additive design. PhD-level psychologists treated participants. Blind assessors evaluated participants at pretreatment, posttreatment, 6-month, 12-month, and 2-year follow-up with a composite of self-report and assessor-rated GAD symptom measures (Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Clinician’s Severity Rating). Avoidant and anxious attachment were assessed using self-reported dismissing and angry states of mind, respectively, on the Perceptions of Adult Attachment Questionnaire. Results: Consistent with our prediction, at all assessments higher levels of dismissing styles in those who received CBT � I/EP predicted greater change in GAD symptoms compared with those who received CBT � SL for whom dismissiveness was unrelated to the change. At postassessment, higher angry attachment was associated with less change in GAD symptoms for those receiving CBT � I/EP, compared with CBT � SL, for whom anger was unrelated to change in GAD symptoms. Pretreatment attachment- related anger failed to moderate outcome at other time points and therefore, these moderation effects were more short-lived than the ones for dismissing attachment. Conclusions: When compared with CBT � SL, CBT � I/EP may be better for individuals with GAD who have relatively higher dismissing styles of attachment. What is the public health significance of this article? When choosing a treatment for individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, this study suggests the potential importance of taking adult attachment into account. Keywords: GAD, emotional processing, attachment, interpersonal problems, CBT According to attachment theory, children’s experiences with caregivers are internalized as cognitive–affective models of interpersonal relationships (e.g., Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). Such internal working models are carried forward into adulthood and influence the quality of close relationships (e.g., parent– child, romantic relationships; Bowlby, 1973; Bowlby, 1969; Hazan & Shaver, 1994), including the therapeutic relationship (e.g., Dozier, Cue, & Barnett ...

McNeill_Thesis_2016

Vanessa McNeill

This summary provides an overview of a thesis that examined the relationship between prenatal cocaine exposure, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and behavioral outcomes in 153 children by second grade. The thesis reviewed literature showing that prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with behavioral dysregulation and problems. It hypothesized that prenatal cocaine exposure would be related to higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia in infancy/early childhood, which would in turn be linked to more behavior problems by second grade. Additionally, it proposed that this relationship could be moderated by factors like child gender, maternal negative affect, parenting behaviors, and exposure to violence. The thesis involved analyzing longitudinal data collected between 2001-2013 to test these hypotheses and explore potential pathways between prenatal drug exposure and later

ArticleAre parents identifyingpositive aspects to parent.docx

rossskuddershamus

Article Are parents identifying positive aspects to parenting their child with an intellectual disability or are they just coping? A qualitative exploration Carole Beighton Kingston & St. Georges University of London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Jane Wills London South Bank University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Date accepted: 30 May 2016 Abstract Although acknowledging the stress of raising their child with intellectual disabilities, parents also report that their child has brought about many positive changes in themselves and family. This study reports what parents perceive to be a positive aspect of parenting their child, as currently what constitutes a ‘positive’ is unclear. Seven key themes were identified; an increased sense of personal strength and confidence, changed priorities, greater appreciation of life, pleasure in the child’s accomplishments, increased faith/spirituality, more meaningful relationships and the positive effect that the child has on the wider community. Interpretive examination of the themes reveals that the positive aspects identified consist mostly of meaning-focused coping strategies. These enable parents to adapt successfully to the stressful experiences of raising their child and therefore could be amenable to meaning-focused therapeutic interventions for parents with newly diagnosed children or for those unable to identify any positive aspects of parenting their child. Keywords intellectual disabilities, caring, meaning-focused coping, positive aspects, positive reframing Corresponding author: Carole Beighton, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston & St. Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Email: [email protected] Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 2017, Vol. 21(4) 325–345 ª The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1744629516656073 journals.sagepub.com/home/jid https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/journals-permissions http://journals.sagepub.com/home/jid http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1177%2F1744629516656073&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2017-02-07 Background Most children with intellectual disabilities live at home with their parents, with the majority of parents providing lifelong support for their child (Emerson and Hatton, 2008). This support can include direct care (helping with activities of daily living, i.e. washing or dressing), emotional care (providing support and encouragement), mediation care (negotiating with others on behalf of the individual, i.e. services) and financial care (Horowitz, 1985). In addition, the child will often experience long-term chronic conditions and/or complex health-care needs that will also require ongoing daily management, time and resources. This need for lifelong support has led historically to research on parenting a child with intellectual.

Research Proposal (final)

Rebecca Sheppard, PHR

The document summarizes a research study that examines the effects of divorced fathers on behavioral problems in adolescents. Specifically, it looks at adolescents living full-time with their divorced father. The study will examine the relationship between the father-adolescent relationship and the adolescent's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. It hypothesizes that adolescents with a positive relationship with their father will exhibit fewer behavioral problems than those with a negative relationship. The study will measure the father-adolescent relationship quality and adolescent behaviors using standardized assessments. It will recruit 60 father-adolescent pairs in the Finger Lakes region of New York to participate.

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ArticleEffect of a Paraprofessional Home-Visiting Interven.docx

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Adult Attachment as a Moderator of Treatment Outcome for Gener.docx

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ArticleAre parents identifyingpositive aspects to parent.docx

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A Father's Depression Has a Major Impact on Adolescent Behavior, Says Recent ...

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Entrepreneurship is a journey filled with challenges, failures, and triumphs. Success does not come easy, especially in the competitive world of business. However, many successful entrepreneurs have defied the odds and built empires from scratch through hard work, perseverance, and passion. Their stories serve as a source of inspiration for aspiring entrepreneurs who dream of making it big in the business world. In this article, we will explore the inspiring journeys of successful entrepreneurs and learn valuable lessons from their experiences.

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Discover the critical connection between emotional intelligence and personality development in this presentation. Explore how self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills shape our personalities and influence our interactions. Learn from Tim Han, a renowned personality development speaker, and his Success Insider channel, which offers Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) courses. Gain practical strategies for personal growth and unlock your potential by mastering emotional intelligence.

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一比一原版(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证如何办理

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原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信学历认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、在读证明、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。 1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700 【主营项目】一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费) 三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度) 如果您处于以下几种情况： ◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】 ◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到； ◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备； ◇回国时间很长，忘记办理； ◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看； ◇企事业单位必须要求办理的 ◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口 ◇申请留学生创业基金留信网认证的作用: 1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份 2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定 3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书 4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方 5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息 6:个人职称评审加20分 7:个人信誉贷款加10分 8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才办理(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。办理(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。校名:学校英文全称授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。办理(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。综上所述，办理(concordia毕业证)康考迪亚大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。

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CHAPTER TWO (SHATKARMA AND PRANAYAMA) Chapter 2 Verse 1 Being established in asana, pranayama should be practiced Thus being established in asana and having control (of the body), taking a balanced diet; pranayama should be practiced according to the instructions of the guru. Chapter 2 Verse 2 When prana moves, chitta (the mental force) moves. When prana is without movement, chitta is without movement. By this (steadiness of prana) the yogi attains steadiness and should thus restrain the vayu (air). Prana and mind are intricately linked. Fluctuation of one means fluctuation of the other. When either the mind or prana becomes balanced the other is steadied. Hatha yoga says, control the prana and the mind is automatically controlled, whereas raja yoga says, control the mind and prana becomes controlled. Chapter 2 Verse 3 As long as the vayu (air and prana) remains in the body, that is called life. Death is when it leaves the body. Therefore, retain vayu. Chapter 2 Verse 4 The vital air does not pass in the middle channel because the nadis are full of impurities, So how can the state of unmani arise and how can perfection or siddhi come about?

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1. WHAT PREDICTS EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIORS IN CHILDHOOD? PSYCH 4392: Capstone By: Christy Crawford

2. “Externalizing symptoms, such as aggression, impulsivity, and inattention, represent the most common forms of childhood maladjustment” (Campbell et al, 2000) (Reuben et al, 2016, p.1083). Parental stress may be a contributing factor to childhood externalizing behavior (Blader, 2006). A pattern of children’s externalizing behaviors may be attributed to mothers who were in methadone or buprenorphine treatment during pregnancy and during the years of early childhood development (Finger et al, 2017). Childhood externalizing behavior may be linked to parenting practices, and lack of warmth in adoptive parenting to inattention in children and aggressive, impulsive behaviors (Reuben et al, 2016). Depression and marital adjustment may also be contributing factors to childhood externalizing behaviors (Yan et al, 2019, p. 668). Ratings of stress and admission to Psychiatric residential treatment may be significant in predicting childhood externalizing behaviors. (Blader, 2006).

3. Research Study of Statistical Significance in Predictors of Childhood Externalizing Behaviors  Parenting temperament ranging from warmth to overactive parenting a predictor of childhood externalizing behavior with a p value of <.05 and <.01 (Reuben et al, 2015).  Ratings of stress indicate a p value of significance <.0001 (Blader, 2006).  Admission of children into Psychiatric residential treatment; externalizing behavior had a p value of <.003 (Blader, 2006).  A chronically depressed state in mothers was found to be a predictor to childhood externalizing behavior with a p value of <.025 (Trapolini et al, 2007).  Environments which lack in learning opportunities had a statistical significance of p <.001 in relation to childhood externalizing behaviors (Finger et al, 2017).

4. Summary Stress in various environments and situations as predictors of childhood externalizing behaviors. Commonly stated these research studies show significant correlation to family environmental stress. Environmental hinderances to learning, mothers in prenatal methadone treatment, and children’s exposure to chronic mother’s depression. Marital adjustment effects on the child’s environment. Lack of warmth in the environment of an adoptive home. A change of environment to in-patient child Psychiatric admission.

5. References  Blader, J.C. (2006) Which family factors predict children’s externalizing behaviors following discharge from psychiatric inpatient treatment? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1133-1142. doi: 10.1111/j.1469- 7610.2006.01651.x  Campbell et al. (2000). Early externalizing behavior problems: toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 467-468.  Finger, B., Jobin, A., Bernstein, V. & Hans, S. (2017) Parenting contributors to early emerging problem behavior in children of mothers in methadone maintenance treatment. Infant and Child Development Journal, 1-18. doi: 10.1002/icd.2042  Reuben et al. (2016) Warm Parenting and Effortful Control in Toddlerhood: Independent and Interactive Predictors of School-Age Externalizing Behavior. The Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1083-1096. doi: 10.1007/s10802- 015-0096-6  Trapolini, T., McMahon, C.A. and Ungerer, J.A. (2007). The effect of maternal depression and marital adjustment on young children’s internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Child: care, health and development, 33(6). 794- 803. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00739.x  Yan, N., Wang, Y. & Ansari, A. (2019). Intrusive Parenting and Child Externalizing Behaviors Across Childhood: The Antecedents and Consequences of Child-Driven Effects. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(6), 661-670. doi: 10.1037/tam0000551

Editor's Notes

Note there is a key correlation between proven predictors of childhood externalizing behavior linked to the child’s environment.
Please, acknowledge these references for research and results mentioned in this presentation.

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