Patient positioning involves properly maintaining a patient's neutral body alignment to prevent complications from immobility or injury. There are several positions used in patient care like supine, lateral, prone, and lithotomy positions. Factors like the patient's needs, abilities, disease, and hospital protocols must be considered when positioning. Positioning aims to provide comfort, relieve pressure, improve circulation, prevent deformities, and allow for interventions. Proper techniques and safety measures are followed to position patients in a systematic way.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
This document discusses the moving and lifting of patients, including indications, contraindications, devices used, and the nurse's responsibilities. It describes moving patients from bed to wheelchair and back as well as from bed to stretcher for pre-operative, anemic, elderly, and gynecological patients. Critically ill, spinal injury, head injury, and unconscious patients require movement from bed to stretcher. Proper planning, coordination, and support of the head, shoulders, hips, thighs and ankles are general instructions. A nurse's responsibilities include assessment, preparation of the patient and unit, and assisting the patient during the transfer.
This document discusses various comfort devices used in healthcare. It defines comfort and comfort devices as mechanical tools that provide optimal comfort and relieve pain, discomfort, tension and anxiety. Some key comfort devices mentioned include pillows, back rests, bed cradles, cardiac tables, mattresses, trapeze bars, footboards, trochanter rolls, sandbags, and side rails. The document explains the purpose of each device and factors that promote or inhibit patient comfort. It emphasizes that comfort devices are important for supporting patients' bodies, allowing freedom of movement, and maintaining correct positioning and alignment.
The document provides instructions for properly making a hospital bed. It discusses four main principles: preventing infection by proper hand washing and handling of soiled linens; ensuring patient comfort by making the bed smooth and wrinkle-free; using proper body mechanics to prevent injury; and organizing efficiently to save time. The types of beds are also defined, such as open, closed, occupied, and therapeutic beds for specific conditions. Nurses are responsible for assessing the patient's needs and preparing clean linens before making the bed.
Types of bed in Nursing- easy explanation for Student Nurses
CLOSED BED
OPEN BED
ADMISSION BED
OCCUPIED BED
OPERATION BED/POST ANESTHESIA BED/RECOVERY BED
CARDIAC BED
FRACTURE BED
AMPUTATION BED/STUMP BED
BURN BED
Moving ,lifting, and transferring patientsArifa T N
This document discusses various techniques for moving and transferring patients, including:
1) Moving a patient up in bed can be done by one or two nurses using a slide sheet to promote comfort and proper body alignment.
2) Turning a patient onto their side or prone position ensures comfort, allows changing of linens/bed pans, and offers relief from pressure points.
3) Assisting a patient to sit up enables changes in position without injury and maintains good body mechanics.
4) Transferring a patient from bed to chair or between a bed and stretcher safely transfers patients and maintains proper body alignment, sometimes using mechanical devices.
Moving and lifting patients involves transferring them between locations using devices like wheelchairs and stretchers for those unable to move themselves. Common devices are wheelchairs, wheel beds, and stretchers. Assisting a patient from bed to chair maintains good body mechanics and enables position changes without injury, especially for pre-operative, anemic, old, or other indicated patients. Proper wound cleansing and sterile dressing application protects wounds from contamination and promotes healing by maintaining a clean, humid environment. Key steps include assessing the wound, preparing materials aseptically, informing the patient, cleansing and applying the dressing, and documenting properly.
This document describes 10 different patient positioning techniques including:
1. Supine position - lying on the back with head and shoulders slightly elevated. Used as the usual position.
2. Prone position - lying on the abdomen, used post-operatively or for certain exams/procedures.
3. Lateral position - lying on the side, used for periodic position changes or certain exams/procedures.
It provides the indications, contraindications, and procedures for each position. Patient comfort, safety, and proper alignment are emphasized.
The document discusses the importance and various purposes of bed making in nursing. It outlines the different types of beds that may need to be made including closed beds, open beds, admission beds, occupied beds, postoperative beds, and beds for patients with fractures or amputations. The document then provides step-by-step instructions for making an unoccupied bed, including cleaning the mattress and bedside area, placing linens in proper order, and ensuring the bed is prepared safely and comfortably for the patient.
This document provides guidance on bed bath procedures for patients. It discusses the purposes of bathing patients, which include cleaning the skin, promoting blood circulation, refreshing the patient, preventing bacteria spreading, and more. It outlines key principles such as maintaining privacy, safety, and cleanliness. It describes different types of baths including cleaning baths (shower/tub baths and complete bed baths) and therapeutic baths. The document provides detailed steps for performing a complete bed bath, including preparing supplies, positioning the patient, washing each body part, and documenting the process. It emphasizes cleanliness, safety, and patient comfort throughout bathing.
Assist patient from the bed to chair or wheelchairNursing Path
1) The document provides instructions for assisting a patient from their bed to a chair or wheelchair. It outlines safety precautions like monitoring the patient's pulse and color during transfers.
2) The procedure involves placing pillows and blankets in the chair or wheelchair, assisting the patient to sit on the edge of the bed, and then standing and turning them to lower into the seated position.
3) Steps are described for returning the patient safely to bed, such as supporting them as they stand, sit on the edge of the bed, and lower back down while maintaining proper body alignment.
The document outlines the procedures for caring for the dead, including certifying and documenting the time of death, handling requests for autopsy or organ donation, preparing and positioning the body, providing support to grieving family members, and maintaining dignity and respect throughout the process. Key responsibilities include following hospital policy, being sensitive to religious and cultural practices, and properly documenting details of death and body transfer.
1. Positioning patients properly is important for comfort, medical procedures, and preventing complications. It involves assessing the patient's needs and positioning them in alignments that promote circulation, relieve pressure, and allow for interventions.
2. Common positions discussed include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's position, and Trendelenburg. Each position has specific indications and procedures to ensure patient safety and access for medical needs.
3. Special considerations are needed for obese patients to support their weight and prevent impaired circulation or breathing from positioning. Thorough documentation of assessments and interventions is also important.
This document discusses various comfort devices used to provide comfort to patients. It describes pillows, back rests, hand rolls, foot rests, knee rests, sand bags, air/water mattresses, rubber/cotton rings, bed cradles, bed blocks, air cushions, cardiac tables, side rails, wedge/abductor pillows, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on how it is constructed and its purpose in maintaining patient alignment, reducing pressure, and adding to physical comfort. The overall goal of comfort devices is to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
The patient unit is defined as the area, environmental factors, furniture, and equipment needed to provide patient care in a comfortable, clean, and safe space. There are different types of patient units including pediatric units, geriatric units, and units with special features to meet the specific needs of different patient populations. Common items in patient units are cleaning rooms, furniture like beds and chairs, and materials used are easily cleanable surfaces and personal hygiene supplies.
Range of motion and strengthening exercises are presented. There are two types of range of motion exercises - active done by the patient, and passive done with assistance. Range of motion exercises involve moving each joint through its full range of motion. Muscle strengthening exercises include exercises for the upper and lower limbs like quadriceps setting, gluteal setting, and dangling to prepare patients for ambulation. Exercises are to be done under supervision, with precautions like proper clothing and stopping if the patient experiences discomfort.
The document discusses proper bed making techniques. It provides instructions on preparing beds for patients by selecting the appropriate linens and arranging them in a way that ensures patient comfort and safety. Infection control measures like hand hygiene and avoiding cross-contamination of linens are emphasized. The goal is to provide a clean, tidy bed that meets patients' medical needs.
This document defines comfort devices and lists various types. Comfort devices are mechanical aids that provide optimal comfort to reduce distractions. Some key comfort devices discussed include: pillows for support; back rests to maintain sitting positions; bed cradles to prevent pressure from bedding; mattresses like air or water mattresses for comfort; trapeze bars for patient mobility; and sandbags, wedges, rings and blocks to relieve pressure on body parts. The document explains the purpose of each device in maintaining patient comfort, alignment, and mobility.
Moving, lifting, transferring of the patient
MOBILIZATION
FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING
UNIT XII
DEFINITION: Moving and lifting the patient means transferring the patient from one place to another (or) changing the position of the patient.
PURPOSE: To prevent bed sores
Maintain good body mechanism
Perform procedures such as back care
The document provides information on hygienic needs and oral hygiene care. It discusses the importance of hygiene for patient health and comfort. Different types of baths are described, including complete bed baths, partial baths, and sitz baths used to clean specific areas. Step-by-step procedures are outlined for administering bed baths and providing oral care. Maintaining proper hygiene is indicated for bedridden patients and those who are unconscious or have limited mobility.
This document defines various body positions used for patients and provides the purposes, principles, indications, and procedures for each position. It describes 10 positions: 1) supine, 2) prone, 3) lateral, 4) lithotomy, 5) dorsal recumbent, 6) Fowler's, 7) Sims, 8) Trendelenburg, 9) knee-chest, and 10) orthopneic. Each position is defined and its clinical uses and how to position the patient are explained to properly support the patient's body and enable various medical procedures or examinations.
This document discusses different positions used for patients in bed. It defines positioning as placing a patient in proper body alignment for therapeutic purposes. It describes various positions like supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's and Sims and their indications and procedures. Positions are important to promote comfort, prevent pressure sores, and enable diagnostic tests and interventions. Maintaining proper positioning principles is key to ensuring patient safety and comfort.
The document discusses different therapeutic positions used in healthcare. It defines positioning and describes purposes like promoting comfort and relieving pressure. It outlines principles of proper positioning and lists common positions like supine, prone, lateral, and lithotomy. For each position, it provides indications for use and step-by-step procedures for positioning patients therapeutically. The summary reviews key learning around positions and their importance for treatment.
This document describes 10 different positions used for patients: supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined, with its purposes, indications, and procedures explained in 1-2 sentences. The positions are used for examinations, procedures, postoperative care, and to promote patient comfort and physiological functions. Proper positioning requires explaining the procedure to the patient, ensuring comfort and safety, and placing pillows or other supports as needed.
This document discusses different therapeutic positions used in healthcare, including their definitions, purposes, principles, types, indications, and procedures. It describes common positions like supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenberg, and knee-chest positions. Maintaining proper positions is important for patient comfort, preventing injuries, allowing medical interventions, and optimizing the body's alignment for health purposes.
This document describes 10 different patient positioning techniques:
1. Supine position - lying on the back with head and shoulders slightly elevated. Used as the usual position.
2. Prone position - lying on the abdomen with the head turned to relieve pressure and examine the back.
3. Lateral position - lying on the side with pillows supporting the body. Used for periodic position changes and examinations.
It then provides details on each position including indications, procedures, and images.
This document discusses patient positioning in nursing. It defines patient positioning as properly maintaining a patient's neutral body alignment to prevent complications. The goals of positioning are to safeguard patients from injury, provide comfort and access for procedures, and maintain dignity. Guidelines for positioning include explaining the process, encouraging patient assistance, using proper body mechanics, and changing positions frequently. Common positions discussed are supine, Fowler's, orthopneic, prone, and lateral positions. Each position is defined and its uses and safety considerations explained.
Positioning involves placing a patient in various body alignments to promote comfort, relieve pressure, improve circulation and lung function, and enable medical procedures and examinations. Some key positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and erect. Positioning follows principles like maintaining good body mechanics, ensuring patient comfort and safety, and preventing complications like pressure injuries.
POSITIONING.pptx for GNM first year Nursing studentsroy456393
Positioning involves placing a patient in various body alignments to promote health, comfort, and the ability to perform medical procedures. The goals of positioning are to relieve pressure, improve circulation, prevent deformities, and allow for assessments and interventions. Factors such as a patient's needs, abilities, disease, and consciousness level must be considered when determining the appropriate position. Common positions include supine, lateral, prone, and Fowler's position, each used for different medical purposes and procedures. Careful positioning is important for patient comfort and skin integrity.
Patient Positions presented by Adeel Raza Gondaladeelg21
This document discusses 10 different patient positions and their purposes and indications. The positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined and the purposes are listed as promoting comfort, relieving pressure, stimulating circulation, providing proper alignment, and allowing for medical interventions. The specific indications for examinations, procedures, and conditions are then outlined for each position.
Therapeutic Positions are used to promote comfort of the patient.
Proper turning and positioning allows the health care provider to make clients, as comfortable as possible, prevent contractures, and pressure sore, and facilitate diagnostic test for surgical intervention.
To relieve pressure to new positions every 2 hours.
Three factors significant in positioning are- Pressure, Friction and Shear
According to Annamma Jacob,
Positioning is defined as placing the patient in good body alignment as needed therapeutically.
According to nurseinfo.in,
Positioning is defined as placing the person in such a way to perform therapeutic interventions to promote the health of an individual
PURPOSE
To promote comfort
To prevent complication
To stimulate circulation
To promote normal physiologic functions.
ARTICLES
Clean, dry, firm bed
Different types of mattress
Bed Boards
Pillows
Footboards/ Foot boot
Sandbags
Hand rolls
Trochanter rolls
Bed blocks
Over bed Table
Additional Sheets
Trapeze bar
PRINCIPLES
Maintain good body mechanics.
Obtain assistance as required.
Ensure that mattress is firm and level of bed is at working height.
Ensure that sheets are clean and dry.
Avoid placing a body part directly over another to prevent pressure.
Plan a regular position change schedule for the patient for 24 hours..
Ensure patient comfort.
Wash hand before and after procedure
TYPES OF POSITIONING
Fowler’s Position
Orthopenic Position
Prone Position
Lateral/ Side Lying Position
Sims’s Position/ Semi- Prone Position
Lithotomy Position
Trendelenburg Position
Reverse Trendelenburg Position
Supine Position
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Knee-chest Position
Rose Position
Other Position
FOWLER’S POSITION
Purpose
To relieve or minimize dyspnea
To relieve tension on abdominal sutures
ORTHOPENIC POSITION
High fowler’s position with over bed table placed in front of the client.
Client to rest with both hands on over the bed table/on pillow placed on it and lean forward. Leaning forward facilitates respiration by allowing maximum chest expansion.
Indications:
Patient with severe dyspnea
Cardiac Patients
Position for thoracentesis
Patient with chest drainage tubes
Relieve Respiratory distress
Pericarditis
ARDS
COPD
Emphysema
Asthma
PRONE POSITION
The client is in flat position only abdomen with head turned to one side. The head rest on a pillow, one or both hands beyond the head or at the sides.
Indication
Patients with pressure sores, burns, injuries, and operations on back
For patients after 24 hours of amputation of lower limbs
Position for renal biopsy
To prevents aspiration
NTD
Recovery positions after anesthesia
LATERAL POSTION
Also known as SIDE LYING POSITION.
Client lies on the side with weight on his hips, shoulder pillow support, and stabilizes. Upper most leg, arm, head and back.
In this position, trunk is right angle to bed.
Indication
To promote lung and cardiac function
During seizure attack and air embolism (Left lateral)
Patient with pyloric stenosis after meals.
Here are the answers to the multiple choice and matching questions:
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. Sims Position
5. B
6. H
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. E
11. G
12. F
13. A
14. Trendelenburg position
15. Lithotomy position - vaginal exams, childbirth
16. Sims position - vaginal exams, administering enemas or suppositories
17. Fowler's position - respiratory conditions, post-op abdominal surgeries
18. Semi-Fowler's position - respiratory conditions, post-op abdominal surgeries
Various position used in different surgeriesVivek Chauhan
The document discusses various body positions used in different medical procedures. It describes positions like supine, Fowler's, prone, lateral, Sims, lithotomy, and Trendelenburg positions. Each position is defined and its purpose, indications, contraindications, equipment needed and procedure are explained. Common positions like supine are used for examination while prone helps prevent bed sores and relieves abdominal distention. Ensuring patient comfort and safety is important when positioning.
Positioning involves placing a patient in specific body alignments to promote health and allow for medical interventions. Some key reasons for positioning include providing comfort, relieving pressure on body parts, improving circulation, preventing deformities, and enabling examinations and treatments. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy and Fowler's positions, each having distinct uses and safety considerations. Positioning requires ensuring patient comfort and safety by using supportive devices and changing positions regularly.
Patient Positionin OT & AT Class a detailed descriptionSoumyajitJana7
The document discusses guidelines for proper patient positioning during surgery. It outlines various surgical positions like supine, prone, lithotomy, and their goals in providing optimal exposure and circulation while preventing injury. Risk factors for complications related to positioning are described. The roles of operative nurses in correctly positioning patients and using devices to support different positions are explained.
Positioning and mobilization of critically ill patients.pdfHamzi Hadi
This document provides an overview of positioning and mobilization for critically ill patients. It discusses the importance of proper positioning to maintain patient safety, circulation, and prevent injury. Different types of positions are described including supine, Fowler's position, lateral position, and prone position. Guidelines for patient positioning emphasize explanation, assistance, safety, and body mechanics. Early mobilization is introduced as beneficial for recovery, with levels ranging from passive movement to walking. The conclusion reinforces the importance of techniques and rationales for positioning and mobilizing critically ill patients.
Position used in hospital for various procedure PPT.pptxanjalatchi
Patient positioning involves maintaining proper body alignment to prevent injury and complications. The goals of positioning are to provide comfort and safety, maintain dignity, and allow optimal access during procedures. Common positions include supine, Fowler's, orthopneic, prone, lateral, and Sims' positioning. Each position has specific uses like promoting lung expansion, drainage, or surgical access. Guidelines for safe positioning include using aids, frequent repositioning, and proper body mechanics.
Community resources are defined as any assets that can be used to meet health needs and include human, financial, material, and time resources. Key human resources are health workers, volunteers, and community organizations, while financial resources include funds from governments and organizations. Material resources encompass physical infrastructure, supplies, and land donations. Proper identification, allocation, and use of available community resources are vital for effective healthcare provision.
The document outlines the key components of community diagnosis, which include demography, causes of mortality and morbidity, use of health services, nutrition, society and culture, leadership patterns, mental health, environment, and knowledge/attitudes/practices of the population regarding health. It also describes the methods and techniques used in community diagnosis, such as identifying problems/needs/resources through primary and secondary data collection, and the steps involved, including developing definitions, collecting background information, selecting communities, data collection/analysis, and prioritizing health needs and actions.
This document discusses community diagnosis and its importance. It defines community diagnosis as a comprehensive assessment of a community's health status and the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence it. The key components of community diagnosis are identifying health problems, mortality and morbidity rates, and factors that put people at risk. It differs from clinical diagnosis by examining the community as a whole rather than individuals. Community diagnosis is important as it helps identify needs, determine available resources, set priorities, and plan, implement and evaluate community health programs. It aims to understand the magnitude of health issues and how they are changing.
This document defines and classifies wounds and wound drainage. It discusses the process of wound healing, which involves inflammatory, proliferative and maturation phases. Factors that can influence wound healing include nutrition, tissue perfusion, infection and age. Wound management strategies involve moist wound healing, preventing infection, nutrition/fluids, positioning and preventing pressure ulcers. Complications of wound healing include hemorrhage, infection, dehiscence and evisceration.
This document provides information on wound dressing, irrigation, and bandaging. It defines each term and describes the purposes, principles, procedures, types of materials used, and techniques for dressing wounds, irrigating wounds, and applying bandages. Dressings are used to protect and aid in healing wounds, while irrigation helps clean wounds and bandages are used to support, immobilize, and secure dressings over wounds or injured body parts. The document outlines best practices and sterile techniques for each procedure.
The document discusses rehabilitation nursing. It begins by defining rehabilitation as the restoration of normal life through retraining and medical treatment after illness or impairment. Rehabilitation nursing aims to restore abilities to the highest level of function, prevent further disability, protect existing abilities, and assist present abilities.
Rehabilitation involves a team approach including nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and others. It can be institution-based in hospitals or community-based using local resources. Community-based rehabilitation focuses on enhancing quality of life and involves the community, families, and disabled individuals. The role of nurses in rehabilitation includes assessment, care planning, implementation, and evaluation to improve functioning and independence.
This document provides information on lobbying, critical thinking, and decision making. It defines lobbying as attempting to influence political decisions through advocacy, and identifies three types of lobbyists. It outlines steps for effective lobbying campaigns and letter writing, including developing a plan, understanding opposing views, and following up. The document also defines critical thinking as actively conceptualizing and evaluating information to guide beliefs and actions. It describes Bloom's six levels of critical thinking and the five stages of developing critical thinking skills from unreflective to habitually high-level across domains.
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Introduction to Dental Implant for undergraduate studentShamsuddin Mahmud
Introduction to Dental Implant
Dr Shamsuddin Mahmud
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics
Nortth East Medical College (Dental Unit)
Definition of Dental Implant
A prosthetic device
made of alloplastic material(s)
implanted into the oral tissues beneath the mucosal and/or periosteal layer and
on or within the bone
to provide retention and support for a fixed or removable dental prosthesis.
Classification of Dental Implant
According to placement within the tissue
Blade/Plate form implant
According to Material Used
A) METALLIC IMPLANTS
Commercially pure Titanium
Cobalt chromium molybdenum
Titanium aluminum vanadium
Stainless steel
B) NON-METALLIC IMPLANT
Zirconium
Ceramic
Carbon
According to the ability of implant to stimulate bone formation
A) Bio active
Hydroxyapatite
Tri Calcium Phosphate
B) Bio inert
Metals
Parts of Dental Implant
Implant fixture
Implant mount
Cover screw
Gingival former/healing screw/healing abutment/permucosal extension
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
Implant analogue
Abutment
Fixation screw
Implant Fixture
Implant Mount
Connected to the fixture
Function: used to carry implant from its vital to the prepared osteotomy site either by hand or with a ratchet/ handpiece adaption
Cover Screw
component that is used to cover the implant connection during the submerged healing of the implant
Function: preserves the patency of the connection by preventing any soft tissue ingrowth in the connection
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Screw/ abutment used to create the soft tissue emergence profile around the implant.
Time of placement:
During 1st surgery – One step surgery
After Osseointegration – Two step/stage surgery
Gingival former/ Healing Abutment/ Healing screw
Placed in the site 2-3 weeks for soft tissue healing
Function:
Create gingival emergence profile
Formation of biological width
Impression post/impression transfer abutment
component that is used to trans- fer the implant Hex position and orientation from the mouth to the working cast.
Types
Closed tray
Open tray
Implant analogue/
component which has a different body but its platform and connection are exactly similar to the implant. The analogue is used to replicate the implant platform and connection in the laboratory mode.
Abutment
Abutments
Advantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Maintain bone height and width by preventing bone resorption
Maintain facial esthetics
Improve masticatory performance
Improve stability and retention of prosthesis
More esthetics
Increase survival times of prostheses
There is no need to alter adjacent teeth
Improve psychological health
Disadvantages of Dental Implant Retained Prosthesis
Very expensive.
Cannot be used in medically compromised patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Longer duration of treatment
Requires a lot of patient co-operation because of repeated recall visits are essential
INDICATION OF DENTAL IMPLANT
Dental implants can successfully restore all
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2. Definition
Positioning defined as placing the person in such
a way to perform therapeutic interventions
and to promote the health of an individual.
3. Contd…
Positioning defined as placing the person in a
proper body alignment for the purpose of
preventive, promotive, curative, and
rehabilitative aspects of health.
4. Contd…
Patient positioning involves properly maintaining
a patient’s neutral body alignment by preventing
hyperextension and extreme lateral rotation to
prevent complications of immobility and injury.
Positioning patients is an essential aspect of
nursing practice and a responsibility of the
registered nurse.
5. Purpose
● To provide comfort to the patient
● To relieve pressure on various parts
● To improve circulation
● To prevent formation of deformity
● To carry out investigations
6. Contd…
● To perform surgical and medical investigations
● To prevent pressure sores
● To provide proper body alignment
● To conduct delivery/labor
● To carry out nursing interventions
7. Principles of positioning
● Systemic and orderly way of doing
● Cooperation between two
● Follow safety measure to prevent accidents
● Active participation
● Using a right technique at right time
8. Factors involved in positioning
● Need of an individual
● Self care ability
● Extend of disability
● Nature of disease condition
● Level of consciousness
● Protocol of the hospital
9. Types of position
● Supine position
● Dorsal position (Lying on back)
● Dorsal recumbent position
● Lithotomy position
● Lateral position
10. Contd…
● Prone position
● Slim’s position
● Knee-chest position
● Trendelenburg’s position
● Fowler’s position / Semi fowler’s position
11. SUPINE POSITION
Supine position, the patient lies on his back with
his head and shoulders are slightly elevated. One
pillow is given under the head. His legs should be
slightly flexed. A small pillow is placed under his
knees.
13. Indication
● The usual position used by the patient
● Used for examination of the chest and
abdomen
14. Procedure
● Place the patient on back with one pillow
under the head, arms and hands at the sides,
knees flexed and separated.
● Place the air ring under the hips and cotton
rings or foam pads under the heels to reduce
the pressure.
15. Contd…
● Align the patient’s body in good position.
● Support the body parts in good alignment for
comfort when the patient is paralyzed.
18. Contraindication
● Elderly patients
● Patients with operation on abdomen, breast
and thorax
● Prone to hypostatic pneumonia
● Patients with long standing illnesses and
neurological conditions
19. LATERAL POSITION
Patient lies on left side with legs flexed at thighs.
The upper leg is flexed more than the lower. A
pillow is kept in front of the abdomen and at the
back and one under the upper leg.
21. Indication
● Lateral position is used for giving back care
enemas and colonic irrigation
● Used for examination of perineum or rectum
inserting suppositories
● For taking rectal temperature
● For change of position
● Later position is a relaxing position
● Giving back care
22. Procedure
Explain the procedure to the patient
● Provide privacy.
● For left lateral position, place the patient on
left side with buttocks to the edge of bed,
both thighs flexed and left arm underneath.
23. Contd…
● For right lateral position, place the patient on
right side with buttocks to the edge of bed,
both thighs flexed and right arm underneath.
● Place air ring under the hips to reduce
pressure on trochanters and at the hip joints,
the cotton rings or foam pads under the
ankles of lower legs to reduce the pressure
on ankles.
25. Contd…
● Align the patient in good position and make
sure the patient is not lying on his arm.
● Support the body parts in good alignment for
comfort.
Left lateral position: with one pillow under the
head, patient is placed to lie on the left side.
26. Contd…
Use of left lateral positions:
● For giving edema
● For inserting suppositories
● To take rectal examination
● To take rectal temperature
28. PRONE POSITION
A patient lies flat on abdomen. Head turned to
sideways. One soft pillow is given under head.
An extra pillow is given under the ankles to keep
toes from touching the bed.
30. Indication
● This position used postoperatively to prevent
aspiration of saliva and mucus
● Used in postoperative cases, tonsils,
vesicovaginal fistula and spinal cases
● To prevent bed sores
● To relieve abdominal distention
● Used for patients having injuries and burns on
back
31. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Provide privacy
● Place the patient flat on abdomen with one
pillow under the head
● Turn patients head to one side and align the
patient in good position
● Support the body parts in good alignment for
comfort
● Place both arms lies at the sides of the heads
35. Indication
● It is used for catheterization, vaginal douche,
vulval, vaginal and rectal examination
● It is also used for vaginal operations and
insertion of tampons
● Patients who are convalescent period
36. Contd…
● Patients with gastric conditions
● Patients with chest conditions
● Patients with abdominal or pelvic operations
unless erect sitting position is indicated
37. Procedure
● Place the patient on back in bed with two or
more pillows under the head and one pillow
under the knees or maintain his position by
elevating the top of bed on blocks.
38. Contd…
● Place the air ring under the hips and cotton
rings or foam pads under the heels to reduce
the pressure.
● Align the patient’s body in good position.
● Support the body parts in good alignment for
comfort when the patient is paralyzed.
40. FOWLER’S POSITION
Fowler’s position is a sitting position in which the
head is elevated, at least, a 45 degree angle.
Back rest and two pillows are used for the back
and head. Fowler’s position the main weight
bearing areas of the patient are the heels,
sacrum and the posterior aspects of the ileum.
42. SEMI-FOWLER’S POSITION
The semi-fowler’s position is the position of a
patient who is lying in bed in a supine position
with the head of the bed at approximately 30 to
45 degrees.
44. Indications
● To relieve dyspnea
● To improve circulation
● To prevent thrombosis
● Postoperatively to assist drainage from
abdominal or pelvic cavity
45. Contd…
● To relax the muscles of the abdomen, back
and thighs
● To relieve tension on the abdominal sutures
● To promote comfort
● To localize infection, e.g. priorities
● To relieve edema of the chest and abdomen
46. Procedure
● Explain the procedure of the patient
● Arrange the articles needed at the bedside
● Provide privacy
● Place the patient in sitting position with arms
at the sides and knees raised with pillow
47. Contd…
● Maintain this position; elevate the head of bed
to an angle from 45-60 degree (semi-fowler) or
60-90 degree (high-fowler)
● Elevate the knee rest to an angle of 15 degree
or place a small pillow under the knees
49. LITHOTOMY POSITION
The patient lies on her back. The legs are
separated and thighs are flexed on the abdomen
and the legs are on the thighs. The patient’s
buttocks are kept the edge of the table and legs
are supported by stirrups.
51. Indication
● This position is given during gynecological
examinations, treatments, and operations on
genitourinary system
● For delivery of baby
● For rectal examinations and operations
52. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Provide privacy
● Position the patient to lie on his back with
one pillow under the head
● Keep the legs well separated and the thighs
are well flexed on the abdomen and the legs
on the thighs
● Buttocks are kept on the edge of the table
and the legs are supported on stirrups
58. KNEE CHEST POSITION
Patient rests on the knees and the chest. The
head is turned to one side with one check on a
pillow. A pillow is placed under the chest. The
weight is on the chest and knees.
59. ASSISTING THE PATIENT IN KNEE-CHEST
POSITION
A prone position in which the individual rests on
the knees and upper part of the chest, assumed
for gynecologic or rectal examination. It is also
called genupectoral position.
60. Indication
● This position is used for sigmoidoscopy
● Used for vaginal and rectal examination
● Used in first aid treatment in cord prolapse or
retroverted uterus
● As exercise for postpartum and gynecology
patients
61. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Collect the needed articles at the bedside
● Provide privacy
● Make the patient rests on the knees and chest
● The head is turned to one side with the cheek
on a pillow
62. Contd…
● The arms should be extended on the bed and
flexed at the elbows to support the patient
partially
● The weight should rest on the chest and knees
which are flexed so that the thighs are at right
angles to the legs
64. CARDIAC POSITION
The client is propped-up in a sitting position by
means of back rest and pillows. Place an over
bed table in front with a pillow on it. The client
has an air cushion to sit and a small pillow under
the knees.
65. TRENDELENBURG’S
POSITION
The patient lies on his back. The patient’s head is
low. The foot of the bed is elevated at 45 degree
angle. The body is on an inclined place and the
legs hang downward over the end of the table.
67. Indication
● Used in emergency situations like shock and
hemorrhage
● This position is used for vaginal surgeries
● Used to displace intestines from pelvic cavity
into upper abdomen
● Used during operations on the pelvic organs
● To arrest bleeding from lower limb
68. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Arrange the article need at the bedside
● Provide privacy (if needed)
● Place the patient lied on his back
● Elevate the foot end at 45 degree angle
69. Contd…
● The body is on an inclined place with hips
higher than the bed
● The knees are flexed
● The patient is carefully supported to prevent
slipping
● Draping done depends upon the kind of
operation to be performed
70. SIM’S POSITION
Sim’s position is similar to the lateral position
except that the patient’s weight is on the anterior
aspects of shoulder girdle and hip. The patient’s
lower arm is behind him and the upper arm is
flexed at the shoulder and elbow.
72. Indication
● This position is used for unconscious patient
● It is used for rectal examinations
● Used for vaginal examinations
● Used for relaxation in antenatal exercises
73. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Collect articles need at the bed side
● Provide privacy
● Place the patient on the side
● One pillow is placed under the head with the
left check resting on it
74. Contd…
● The left arm is drawn behind the body and the
right arm may be in any position comfortable
for the patient
● The right thigh is flexed against the abdomen
● The left leg is extended well
● Cover the patient with top sheet neatly
76. C-SHAPED POSITION
● Patient should be lying in the lateral
decubitus position
● Ensure the vertical plane of the patient’s back
is perpendicular to the bed
● Flex knees and hips so that knees are close
to the chest
● While flexion of the neck is often taught as
important, evidence suggests that this has no
effect of the size of the interspinous opening
78. TYPES OF PATIENTS NEED
SPECIAL CARE
● Unconscious patient
● Infant and children
● Hemiplegic and paraplegic position
● Immediate postoperative patients
● Orthopedic patients
● Cardiac patients
79. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
● Maintain good body alignment of the patient at
all times.
● Support body parts in good alignment by using
supportive devices to promote comfort and
prevent undue muscle strain.
80. Contd…
❖ Avoid prolonged flexion of any one body
segment by changing the position at least
every two hours.
❖ Reduce the pressure caused by body weight
of his or her body or object by changing the
position and using protective devices.
81. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT
● Check the patient’s general condition
● Check the physician’s order for any limited
movements
● Assess the self-care ability of an individual
● Arrange the comfort devices near the bedside
82. Contd…
● Identify the deformed extremity
● Support the immobilize area during positioning
● Identify the rationale before positioning
83. EQUIPMENT
● Extra man power if needed
● Extra pillows
● Sheets and sheet rolls
● Comfort devices such as back rest, cardiac
table, sand bag, etc
84. Procedure
● Explain the procedure to the patient
● Provide privacy
● Arrange the articles and manpower (if needed)
● Untie the bed sheets
● Turn/lift/ambulate gently
● Place and support with extra pillows under
pressure points
85. Contd…
● Special care taken at pressure areas
● Cover the patient with top sheet
● Hand wash
● Record the time, position and condition of the
skin
86. Contd…
● Positioning a patient in bed is important for
maintaining alignment and for preventing bed
sores (pressure ulcers), foot drop, and
contractures.
Proper positioning is also vital for providing
comfort for patients who are bedridden or
have decreased mobility related to a medical
condition or treatment.
87. Contd…
When positioning a patient in bed, supportive
devices such as pillows, rolls, and blankets,
along with repositioning, can aid in providing
comfort and safety.
88. Contd…
Good body alignment can be achieved in any of
the bed rest positions. The following points
should be checked.
● Head should be in midline with the trunk
● Back should be straight, with normal body
curves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar)
maintained
89. Contd…
● Ribs should be elevated to prevent
constriction of the chest
● Arms and legs should be in a position of
function (the position for maximum
usefulness of the joints, feet and hands)
90. Contd…
Position of function of leg and feet. This position
favors standing upright and walking. In general, if
the toes point to the ceiling when in a back-lying
position and point to the floor when in a front-
lying position, the feet, legs, and hips are in good
alignment.
91. Contd…
Position of function of arms and hands. This
position favors raising arms and grasping things
with the fingers. The hand should not droop at
the wrist, be clenched in a fist, or be flat. The
position of function for the hand is dorsiflexion (at
a slight upward angle) at the wrist, with the
fingers and thumb in position to write with a
pencil.
Systemic and systematic and are two words that describe systems and processes, respectively.
Systemic refers to something that affects an entire system, like lack of transparency in a governing body.
Systematic refers to an attribute of a process itself, specifically, that it is machine-like in its efficiency and organization.