Linux Crontab allows scheduling routine jobs to run automatically in the background at specific times or days. The document provides 15 examples of cron job configurations, including running jobs daily, weekly, monthly, at startup or reboot, and during specific time ranges. It also covers viewing, editing, and installing cron jobs, as well as redirecting output and specifying environment variables. Anacron is introduced as an alternative for machines that may not be running 24/7, to better ensure scheduled jobs run as expected.
Introduction to the linux command line.pdfCesleySCruz
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Linux command line. It begins with an introduction and roadmap, then covers topics like navigating the filesystem, basic commands, permissions, processes, and editing text files. Examples and exercises are provided throughout to demonstrate key commands. The goal is to help users learn the basic skills needed to interact with a Linux system using the command line interface.
Linux Tutorial For Beginners | Linux Administration Tutorial | Linux Commands...Edureka!
This Linux Tutorial will help you get started with Linux Administration. This Linux tutorial will also give you an introduction to the basic Linux commands so that you can start using the Linux CLI. Do watch the video till the very end to see all the demonstration. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1) Why go for Linux?
2) Various distributions of Linux
3) Basic Linux commands: ls, cd, pwd, clear commands
4) Working with files & directories: cat, vi, gedit, mkdir, rmdir, rm commands
5) Managing file Permissions: chmod, chgrp, chown commands
6) Updating software packages from Linux repository
7) Compressing & Decompressing files using TAR command
8) Environment variables and Regular expressions
9) Starting and killing processes
10) Managing users
11) SSH protocol for accessing remote hosts
Per chi incomincia addentrarsi nel magico mondo dei comandi da terminale la vita può essere dura. In rete esistono diverse guide, ma la “Linux Bash Shell Cheat Sheet for Beginners” di Raphael è qualcosa che i principianti dovrebbero tenere a portata di mano. La segnaliamo un po’ perchè è molto semplice e chiara, e un po’ perchè è stata scritta da un sedicenne canadese. Personalmente è una cosa che mi fa piacere, perchè dimostra che anche i giovanissimi si accostano a linux nel modo migliore, ovvero “imparo e a mia volta diffondo”.
The document discusses Linux file security and permissions. It covers users and groups, file ownership and permissions, and tools for managing them like useradd, chown, chmod, and ACLs. Key points include each user having a unique UID and belonging to groups with GIDs. File permissions are controlled by the user, group and other access modes. Tools like chmod and ACLs provide advanced permission control beyond the standard user/group/other model.
This document provides an introduction to shell scripting using the bash shell. It covers key concepts such as shell variables, command substitution, quoting, aliases, and initializing files. The shell acts as both a command-line interface and programming language. It executes commands, supports scripting through variables and control structures, and reads initialization files on startup to customize the environment. Well-formed shell scripts allow combining and sequencing commands to perform automated tasks.
The document discusses the Linux boot process and runlevels. It begins by explaining how to view boot messages and locate hardware information in the logs. Next, it provides a high-level overview of the boot sequence, from the firmware loading the kernel to init executing scripts. It then explains the different runlevels (0-6) and how they determine available features. Finally, it discusses how to check, change, and manage runlevels using tools like chkconfig, init, telinit, and shutdown.
This document discusses shells and shell scripting in Linux. It provides information on common Linux shells like Bash, Bourne shell, C shell, etc. It describes the basic functions of shells like command interpretation, I/O redirection, variables, parameters and more. Shell scripts allow automating tasks and complex series of commands. The document also covers shell script basics, special parameters, variables, I/O redirection operators and more shell scripting concepts.
we need to have a good amount of basic or in-depth knowledge on Linux Basics. This will help one's job easy in resolving the issues and supporting the projects.
Are you a system admin or database admin? Or working on any other technology which is deployed or implemented on linux/UNIX machines? Then you should be good with Linux basic concepts and commands. We will cover this section very clearly.
A Day In The Life Of A Linux AdministratorEdureka!
Linux is everywhere. In your daily life, you are communicating with Linux servers, major internet sites such as Facebook and Google are using Linux servers. In addition, most modern televisions and Android mobiles run on Linux. At the root of it, Linux is free software used to control desktop, laptop, supercomputers, mobile devices, networking equipment, airplanes and automobiles and so on. With Linux knowledge and an inexpensive computer you can create tiny gadgets at home, making it a widely acclaimed weapon in your skills' armour.
This document compares the Oracle Cluster File System (OCFS2) and Global File System version 2 (GFS2). It provides brief descriptions of each file system and discusses their current community support. Key features of each are outlined and compared. Available administration tools for each are listed. Examples are given of formatting disks with each file system. Finally, simple performance tests in local and multi-node configurations are described.
The document provides descriptions of various Linux commands for basic usage and pentesting. It describes commands for making directories (mkdir), deleting empty directories (rmdir), viewing processes (ps), checking username (whoami), checking disk space (df), displaying date and time (date), checking connectivity (ping), downloading files (wget), looking up domain registration records (whois), navigating directories (cd), listing directory contents (ls), displaying command manuals (man), displaying text files (cat), copying files (cp), moving and renaming files (mv), removing files and directories (rm), creating empty files (touch), searching files (grep), using administrative privileges (sudo), viewing start of files (head), viewing end of files (
The document discusses various topics related to Linux administration. It covers Unix system architecture, the Linux command line, files and directories, running programs, wildcards, text editors, shells, command syntax, filenames, command history, paths, hidden files, home directories, making directories, copying and renaming files, and more. It provides an overview of key Linux concepts and commands for system administration.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized by category including file permissions, networking, compression/archives, package installation, searching, login, file transfer, disk usage, directory traversal, system information, hardware information, users, file commands, and process related commands. It also includes brief descriptions and examples of commands like chmod, chown, ip, tar, rpm, grep, ssh, df, du, and kill. More detailed information on Linux commands can be found at the provided URL.
This Slide Pack contains the basics of Linux, what is linux, when it is created, what is opensource, some basic commands, the things you need to know about Linux.
On July 6, 2021, MariaDB 10.6 became generally available (production ready). This presentation focuses on the most important aspects of it as well as the influence it has. Improvements to InnoDB, SYS Schema Adoption, and deprecated variables and engines are all part of this presentation.
Linux allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously. Users are uniquely identified by their UID, and can be regular users or superusers. Superusers have full access while regular users have limited access. The system administrator manages users and groups. Users can be created with the useradd command and assigned to primary and supplementary groups. User properties like login, UID, home directory and shell are set during creation. Users can be modified, locked, unlocked and deleted using related commands. Groups organize users and are managed using groupadd, groupmod, and groupdel. Permissions allow controlling access for users and groups.
Getting started with setting up embedded platform requires audience to understand some of the key aspects of Linux. This presentation deals with basics of Linux as an OS, Linux commands, vi editor, Shell features like redirection, pipes and shell scripting
The document discusses Linux file systems. It provides an overview of Linux file system types including network file systems like NFS and SMB, and disk file systems like ext2, ext3, FAT32, and NTFS. It describes the physical structure of file systems on disk including the boot block, super block, inode list, and block list. It also summarizes the features and maximum sizes of different file system standards like ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, XFS, and JFS.
Course 102: Lecture 16: Process Management (Part 2) Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture continues to introduce concepts about processes in Linux. It describes both Automatic processes and Daemon Processes.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
BITS: Introduction to Linux - Text manipulation tools for bioinformaticsBITS
The document provides an introduction to using the Linux command line for bioinformatics tasks. It covers navigating the file system, manipulating files and directories, input/output redirection, piping commands together, and commonly used text processing tools. The goal is to help users easily use command line tools, automate repetitive tasks, and parse/summarize text-based outputs.
Part 5 of "Introduction to Linux for Bioinformatics": Working the command lin...Joachim Jacob
This is part 5 of the training "introduction to linux for bioinformatics". Here we introduce more advanced use on the command line (piping, redirecting) and provide you a selection of GNU text mining and analysis tools that assist you tremendously in handling your bioinformatics data. Interested in following this training session? Contact me at http://www.jakonix.be/contact.html
ULTIMA TECNOLOGIA CON SISTEMA DE CONTROL Y AHORRO!! PiD, Sistema inteligente que mantiene la actividad del revelador constante y así garantiza las máximas prestaciones en planchas CTP. El sistema PiD, gracias a su análisis en continuo de los principales parámetros, permite determinar el valor óptimo y justo de dosificación en el tiempo.
RRD Ahorro; Reducción del consumo del revelador en un 65% RRD es un sistema creado para el ahorro de consumo del revelador conjuntamente con el sistema PiD. Basado en la reutilización del revelador que rebosa permite aumentar la eficiencia del uso de químico.
GRAFONLINE Soporte con control remoto del sistema al software de la procesadora, ajustar y analizar sus parámetros, a través de una conexión a internet.
En cuanto a los accesorios como el
Wasted Developer Processor WDT; es el dispositivo que permite reducir la cantidad de producto químico solución en un 80%, reducir en gran medida el costo de eliminación de residuos del liquido revelador lo que permite el uso de bajo costo
del dispositivo con apenas asimismo el agua separada del liquido revelador desperdiciado se puede disponer de manera segura.
Pid-5000 sistema de revelado Inteligente es una función diseñado para mantener la consistencia de la liquido revelador
con el fin de lograr una calidad de procesado de planchas CTP de alta período más largo de tiempo; Pid-5000 'Ex. sólo puede ser operativa sobre GRAFXTRON, incluye en el Procesador de la serie CDN
DFD Developer Cleansing Device; Proporciona limpieza profunda para el liquido revelador, adicionandole mayor eficiencia al revelador, reduce la frecuencia de procesado de la placa de cambio de filtro.
- Capacidad de filtrado fuerte, Más de 20 veces más eficiente que el filtro incorporado en el procesado de la placa.
- No altera característica química del revelador.
- No afecta el desarrollo de la temperatura.
- Función de auto limpieza para el sistema de filtrado.
Sólo apto para la instalación con el sistema de procesamiento GRAFXTRON.
Cron is a utility that allows tasks to be automatically run in the background at desired intervals by the cron daemon. It is commonly used to automate system maintenance, administration tasks, or other repetitive jobs like downloading emails. The crontab file specifies the schedule of cron jobs using five parameters - minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. It is good practice to back up the crontab file before editing to avoid errors and have a backup copy.
Linux Talk: Deep Dive into Scheduled Tasks is a guide about cron, anacron, and incron. It discusses the importance of scheduled tasks, what cron is and how it works using crontab files. It covers special cron syntax, system-wide cron, crontab restrictions, and importing cron jobs. Anacron is described as an alternative to cron for non-24/7 systems. Incron is introduced as a way to trigger commands based on file events instead of time schedules. The document provides an overview of scheduling tools and commands commonly used on Linux systems.
The document provides steps to set up a job stream to automate running a Baan job called SHDRAD. It involves:
1. Creating directories to store scripts, logs, and other files for the job stream.
2. Creating scripts for launching the Baan job and cleaning up logs, and storing them in the scripts directory.
3. Creating a job list file that specifies the order and conditions for running the scripts.
4. Optionally setting up a contacts file for failure notifications.
5. Scheduling the job stream to run periodically using a wrapper script and cron.
This document provides an overview of shell scripting, cron, and atd for scheduling tasks on Linux systems. It discusses using shell scripts to automate commands, the cron daemon for executing commands on a schedule, and atd for running one-time jobs. Key points covered include using the shebang to directly execute shell scripts, crontab syntax for defining schedules, and commands like crond, at, atq and atrm for managing cron and at jobs. The document is intended as a learning resource for system administration tasks using scheduling utilities in Linux.
This document provides an overview of shell scripting, cron, and atd for automating tasks in Linux. It discusses using shell scripts to execute a series of commands from a file, as well as topics like shebangs, variables, and conditionals. Cron allows scheduling commands to run on a time-based schedule using crontab files, while atd can run one-off commands at a specific time. The document provides examples and explanations of common cron and atd utilities.
schedule backup to google drive using Crontab and introdction to crontabCharan S
This document discusses how to schedule backups of files and data to Google Drive using cron jobs in Linux. It explains what backups are, different backup methods like manual and cron job backups. It provides steps to install GNOME Online Accounts and add Google account to back up files to Google Drive. It also discusses using google-drive-ocamlfuse PPA as an alternative. Finally, it shows cron job syntax to schedule backups every 5 minutes, 5 hours, or on the 5th weekday of each month for automatic and regular backups to Google Drive.
allscripts.pdf
-----schedule.sh------
#!/bin/bash
#ssh into node
sudo ssh [email protected]
#run the node setup for a specific node 1st day of every month
* * 1 * * /home/cit481/node_setup.sh > /var/spool/cron
#run a backup of Experiments directory of the node at 9 pm every day and
save the cronjob to the crontab -e .
0 21 * * * /home/cit481/backup.sh >> [email protected]
/var/spool/cron/contabs
exit
#to run this script in the host machine command line write ./schedule.sh
-----local_setup.sh-------
#!/bin/bash
#This is the local setup script that updates your system and creates and
installs the ssh server
#update system
yum update -y yum
yum update -y
#ssh server
yum install ssh
yum install openssh-server
exit
-----cleanup.sh------
#!/bin/bash
#backup experiments directory in remote machine to home directory in
local host
rsync -a [email protected]:/cit481/Experiments/ cit480-
[email protected]/home
#if experiemnts directory exists then remove it if not then exit
do
if[-d #Experiments]
then
rm -R $Experiments
echo "Directory Experiemnts found and deleted."
else
echo "Directory Experiments not found."
fi
done<dir_list
exit
-------backup.sh--------
#!/bin/bash
#backup file from node to the local host
#adding a time stamp to the backup file
#TIME='date+%b-$d-%y'
#FILENAME=backup_log$TIME
scp -r /home/cit481/Experiments [email protected]:/home/cit480-
4/Desktop
-----dir_list----
/cit481/Experiments
-------node_setup.sh----------
#!/bin/bash
#This is the node setup script that updates your system and created a
fresh install of
#all the packages
#ssh to the machine
ssh [email protected]
#update the system
yum update -y yup
yum update -y
#install all packages needed
#compiler
yum install -y gcc
#login shell for ssh account
yum install -y git
#text-editor
yum install -y vim
yum install -y gtest
#command interpreter
yum install -y zsh
yum install -y ping
yum install -y traceroute
yum install -y tcpdump
yum install -y mysql
yum install -y ftp
yum install -y gzip
yum install -y man
yum install -y less
yum install -y make
yum install -y rpm-build
yum install -y iperf python
yum install -y nc
#ssh server
yum install ssh
yum install openssh-server
exit
---myprogram.sh----
#!/bin/bash
#the experiemnt that i will be using for this project
echo "Hello World!"
allscripts.txt
-----schedule.sh------
#!/bin/bash
#ssh into node
sudo ssh [email protected]
#run the node setup for a specific node 1st day of every month
* * 1 * * /home/cit481/node_setup.sh > /var/spool/cron
#run a backup of Experiments directory of the node at 9 pm every day and save the cronjob to the crontab -e .
0 21 * * * /home/cit481/backup.sh >> [email protected] /var/spool/cron/contabs
exit
#to run this script in the host machine command line write ./schedule.sh
-----local_setup.sh-------
#!/bin/bash
#This is the local.
Cronjob is a utility that schedules commands to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. It allows scheduling scripts, shell scripts, and commands to execute on a specific schedule. Cronjob syntax includes the timing, which has five fields for minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. Common cronjob commands allow listing, editing, removing, and specifying a user's cronjobs.
Cronjob is a utility that schedules commands to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. It allows scheduling scripts, shell scripts, and commands to execute on a specific schedule. Cronjob syntax includes the timing, which has five fields for minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. Common cronjob expressions specify times like daily, weekly, monthly, and annually. The crontab command can be used to list, edit, and remove cronjobs for a user.
Crontab is a job scheduling utility that allows users to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts) to run periodically based on a schedule defined by the five fields of minute, hour, day of month, month, and day of week. It uses a simple text file format to specify the schedule and command. Crontab allows scheduling jobs for both the root user as well as other users, and its services can be started, stopped, and checked on using the crond init script or service command. Access to crontab can be restricted on a system-wide level by using the cron.allow and cron.deny files.
This document discusses Linux package management and job scheduling. It covers common package managers like RPM, dpkg, and pip. It explains how package managers work, including installing, removing, updating, and querying packages. It also discusses creating custom repositories. For job scheduling, it covers Cron and systemd timers for automating periodic tasks. Examples are provided for scheduling jobs to run daily, weekly, or at specific times.
Automate Cisco Switch Configuration Backups with KRONTravis Kench
This document provides instructions for automating Cisco switch configuration backups using the Cisco KRON scheduler utility. It describes how to configure KRON on supported Cisco switch models to back up the startup and running configurations to an FTP server on a daily basis. The configuration backups are scheduled to run every day at 6:00pm and are named to indicate the weekday, overwriting the previous day's files. Steps provided include checking the switch time/NTP settings, creating FTP credentials, defining the scheduled CLI commands in KRON policy lists, setting the scheduled occurrences, testing with a one-time backup, and verifying the KRON schedules.
The document provides instructions for installing and configuring a Samba file sharing server on CentOS 7. It describes installing Samba packages, creating a shared directory, configuring user access, editing configuration files, starting services, adding firewall rules, and connecting from Windows and Linux clients. The key steps are installing Samba packages, configuring shares and permissions in smb.conf, starting smb and nmb services, enabling them to start on boot, and connecting clients to the shared directory.
Managing a powerful SCM like Perforce requires certain infrastructure. Changes to the infrastructure can become challenging and destabilize the system. See how MathWorks uses the flexibility of Perforce to manage and monitor a complex infrastructure.
Robocopy is a command line tool used for file replication and maintaining identical copies of directory structures. It can copy a single directory or recursively copy subdirectories. Robocopy classifies files as existing in the source, destination, or both locations, and further classifies files based on comparing timestamps and sizes. It allows specifying options to include, exclude, delete, and selectively copy files and directories between source and destination locations.
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring the periodic maintenance tasks (cron jobs) for the Etano content management system. It describes transferring the Etano files to the server, creating a database and user, running the installation, and setting up cron jobs to run every 5 minutes via cPanel or from the command line. It also provides alternative instructions if the PHP binary path is not detected correctly or the host does not allow cron jobs under 15 minutes.
55 best linux tips, tricks and command linesArif Wahyudi
This document provides 55 tips, tricks, and Linux command lines contributed by readers. It begins with instructions for backing up and restoring Thunderbird emails manually by copying the profile folder. It then offers examples of using SSH to execute commands on remote Linux machines. The tips cover a wide range of Linux tasks like scheduling commands to run after reboot, commenting out config file lines, replacing newlines in files, checking installed shell types, using advanced LS commands, checking for rootkits, finding and replacing text with SED, backing up MySQL databases, and cutting/joining MP3 files.
How to deploy and scale your meteor appsDesignveloper
I believe that you already had a good preparation after digesting our previous blog What To Consider Before Deploying A Meteor App, right? Now, it’s time to get your hands dirty. Ready? I’m going to show you how to bring your app into practice.
The Cron program allows automated job scheduling on UNIX systems. It is used to schedule jobs to run at particular times or frequencies. Cron configuration files called crontab files define scheduled jobs and are stored in /var/spool/cron. Crontab files use a specific format to define the minute, hour, day of month, month and day of week for a command to run. Syslogd handles most system logging and directs log entries to files in /var/log. Sendmail is the default MTA used on UNIX systems to route email from one user to another locally or across systems using SMTP.
This Presentation is an introducing to the IT automation environment, starting from a sys admin point of view.
The purpose of these tools is to help in troubleshooting and handling an heterogeneous it environment to ensure availability and reliability.
This document provides information about Linux commands and system administration. It begins with an overview of command syntax and usage. It then covers topics such as:
1. Commands for managing users and groups, processes, services, and networking. Specific commands discussed include w, id, ps, service, netstat, ifconfig.
2. Commands for working with files and directories, including cat, cp, mv, rm, find, locate, chmod.
3. Commands for viewing system information, such as uptime, free, df, du, uname.
4. Commands for managing the filesystem, permissions, and ownership of files using chown, chmod, umask, lsattr.
Teradata Corporation is an American company that sells data warehousing hardware and software. It was founded in 1979 and spun off from NCR Corporation in 2007. Teradata's products include integrated data warehouse appliances and software that allow customers to consolidate data from various sources and perform analysis. The company has over 10,000 employees and annual revenue of over $2.6 billion.
Teradata is an American company that sells analytic data platforms and related services. It was originally a division of NCR Corporation but spun off in 2007. Teradata's products consolidate data from different sources and make it available for analysis. It uses a massively parallel processing architecture that allows for linear scalability. Major customers include Walmart, AT&T, and Continental Airlines. Teradata competes with other data warehousing solutions from Oracle, IBM, and Microsoft.
The document discusses Linux/Unix interview questions and answers. It covers topics such as the GRUB bootloader, the Linux boot process, user profile files, changing the default runlevel, displaying user information with the finger command, inode numbers, increasing disk read performance, password expiration times, locking user passwords, default shells, user attributes defined in /etc/login.defs, changing the system's authentication method, modifying file attributes with chattr, network interface configuration files, changing network interface settings, the DNS configuration file, exporting NFS directories, checking open ports, soft vs hard links, setting expired passwords, restricting file insertion, displaying or killing processes accessing files/folders, killing all processes for a user, daily system analysis reports
Linux was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 based on UNIX. It is an open source operating system with a modular design consisting of the kernel at the core which manages memory, processes, and hardware access. The shell provides a command line interface between users and the kernel while the file system arranges files in a hierarchical structure with everything treated as a file. Common directories include /bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, /proc, /var, /tmp, /usr, /home, and help is available through man pages or command --help.
This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands for navigation, listing directories, reading and manipulating files. It explains commands like pwd, cd, ls, cat, cp, mv, rm, mkdir to change directories, list files, read files, copy, move and delete files/directories. It also introduces the vi editor for creating new files and mentions some other miscellaneous commands like date, chmod, user management tools.
The kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems. It acts as a bridge between applications and hardware, managing system resources and communication. Kernels can be categorized as monolithic, micro, hybrid, or exokernel based on how operating system services are implemented. A monolithic kernel executes all services together, while a microkernel runs most in user space for modularity. Hybrid kernels combine aspects of both.
To install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL 6), insert the installation DVD and boot the system. The graphical installer will launch and guide you through the installation process. This includes selecting packages, partitioning disks, setting the timezone and root password. Once installed, additional configuration steps like software updates and user account creation are completed.
This document provides a tutorial on common Linux commands. It lists commands like ls to list files, file to check file types, mkdir to make directories, cd to change directories, cp to copy, mv to move, and rm to remove files and directories. It also covers commands like cat to view file contents, grep to search files, more and less to page through large files, chown to change ownership, chmod to change permissions, ps to view processes, and kill and killall to terminate processes. The document explains that running "man [command]" provides documentation for each command.
A monolithic kernel runs all operating system services and device drivers in the kernel space of memory. This provides rich hardware access but dependencies between system components mean a bug can crash the entire system. A microkernel moves most OS services like networking and filesystems into userspace processes or "servers" that communicate through a minimal kernel. This improves modularity and stability but incurs more overhead from frequent context switches between user and kernel mode.
This document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into the following sections: setting kernel parameters, setting process limits, adding interim swap/tmp space, troubleshooting tools, Bash shell tweaks, key system configuration files, system information commands, network information commands, package management commands, user management commands, backup/restore/file transfer commands, and miscellaneous commands. It includes brief descriptions of commands such as lsof, netstat, tcpdump, strace, chage, passwd, tar, zip, and others. The document is a pocket guide to essential Linux commands and system configuration.
This document provides 50 examples of common Linux/Unix commands along with brief explanations and usage examples for each command. Some of the commands highlighted include tar, grep, find, ssh, sed, awk, vim, diff, sort, export, xargs, ls, pwd, cd, gzip, bzip2, unzip, shutdown, ftp, crontab, service, ps, top, df, kill, rm, cp, mv, cat, mount, chmod, chown, passwd, mkdir, ifconfig, and uname. The document is intended to give readers a quick start on frequently used commands.
This document provides summaries of basic Linux commands including commands to view the calendar, date, print messages, change passwords, view documentation, and see the directory structure. It also summarizes commands for file handling, searching files, editing text, and viewing system information. Common commands covered include cal, date, echo, passwd, man, mkdir, cat, more, less, head, tail, grep, and ps. The document is intended as an introduction to basic Linux commands.
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems, formalizing and extending the traditional BSD filesystem hierarchy. It is maintained by the Linux Foundation. The standard specifies a root directory "/" and defines the purpose and recommended contents of directories including /bin, /boot, /dev, /etc, /home, /lib, /mnt, /opt, /proc, /root, /sbin, /srv, /tmp, /usr, and /var.
The document provides 40 tips for using basic Linux command line commands and tricks. Some key points include: everything in Linux is a file; # and $ denote superuser and normal users respectively; Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switch between terminals while Ctrl+Alt+F7 switches to the GUI; tilde ~ denotes the user's home directory; hidden files start with dot; ls -a views hidden files; file permissions use rwx scheme; and variables can store long text for repeated use.
This document provides 15 examples of practical grep command usage in Linux/UNIX. It begins with basic uses like searching for a string in a single file or multiple files. It then demonstrates more advanced features such as ignoring case, using regular expressions to match patterns, highlighting search results, counting/inverting matches, and displaying line numbers. Overall, the examples progress from introductory to more complex uses of grep flags and operations to help both new and experienced users better utilize this powerful search tool.
25 most frequently used linux ip tables rules examplesTeja Bheemanapally
This document provides 25 examples of iptables firewall rules that can be used or modified for various needs. Some examples include allowing incoming SSH, HTTP, HTTPS from specific IP addresses or networks; allowing outgoing SSH, HTTPS; load balancing incoming web traffic; allowing ping and DNS; and allowing connections from specific networks for services like NIS, rsync, and MySQL. The rules are provided in a shell script format for easy copy/paste and use.
This document provides an introduction to using the Linux command shell and basic Linux commands. It discusses what a command shell is, the BASH shell commonly used in Linux, and how it differs from the DOS command prompt. It covers special characters, executing commands, getting help, navigating the Linux filesystem directory structure, piping and redirecting command output, and describes several common Linux commands for working with files and directories and finding files. The document is intended to accompany an instructor-led tutorial and provide a basic overview of Linux command line concepts and usage.
The Linux boot process involves 6 key stages:
1. The BIOS performs initial checks and loads the boot loader.
2. The boot loader like GRUB is loaded by the MBR and displays a menu to select the kernel.
3. The selected kernel is loaded into memory along with the initrd and root filesystem is mounted.
4. The kernel executes init which reads the runlevel and loads appropriate services.
5. Based on the runlevel, programs are started or shut down in sequence to start or shut down services.
6. Once booted, the Linux login prompt is displayed.
The kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems. It acts as a bridge between applications and hardware, managing system resources and communication. Kernels can be categorized as monolithic, micro, hybrid, or exokernel based on how operating system services are implemented. A monolithic kernel executes all services together, while a microkernel runs most in user space for modularity. Hybrid kernels combine aspects of monolithic and microkernels.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
Beginner's Guide to Bypassing Falco Container Runtime Security in Kubernetes ...anjaliinfosec
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Join educators from the US and worldwide at this year’s conference, themed “Strategies for Proficiency & Acquisition,” to learn from top experts in world language teaching.
The Value of Time ~ A Story to Ponder On (Eng. & Chi.).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint presentation on the importance of time management based on a meaningful story to ponder on. The texts are in English and Chinese.
For the Video (texts in English and Chinese) with audio narration and explanation in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUtjLnxEBKo
How to Install Theme in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
With Odoo, we can select from a wide selection of attractive themes. Many excellent ones are free to use, while some require payment. Putting an Odoo theme in the Odoo module directory on our server, downloading the theme, and then installing it is a simple process.
Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
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AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
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1. Linux Crontab: 15 Awesome Cron Job Examples
An experienced Linux sysadmin knows the importance of
running the routine maintenance jobs in the background
automatically.
Linux Cron utility is an effective way to schedule a routine
background job at a specific time and/or day on an on-going
basis.
let us review 15 awesome examples of crontab job
scheduling.
Linux Crontab Format
MIN HOUR DOM MON DOW CMD
Table: Crontab Fields and Allowed Ranges (Linux Crontab
Syntax)
Field Description Allowed Value
MIN Minute field 0 to 59
HOUR Hour field 0 to 23
2. DOM Day of Month 1-31
MON Month field 1-12
DOW Day Of Week 0-6
CMD Command Any command to be executed.
1. Scheduling a Job For a Specific Time
The basic usage of cron is to execute a job in a specific time
as shown below. This will execute the Full backup shell script
(full-backup) on 10th June 08:30 AM.
Please note that the time field uses 24 hours format. So, for 8
AM use 8, and for 8 PM use 20.
30 08 10 06 * /home/ramesh/full-backup
30 – 30th Minute
08 – 08 AM
10 – 10th Day
06 – 6th Month (June)
* – Every day of the week
2. Schedule a Job For More Than One Instance
(e.g. Twice a Day)
The following script take a incremental backup twice a day
every day.
This example executes the specified incremental backup shell
script (incremental-backup) at 11:00 and 16:00 on every day.
The comma separated value in a field specifies that the
command needs to be executed in all the mentioned time.
00 11,16 * * * /home/ramesh/bin/incremental-backup
3. 00 – 0th Minute (Top of the hour)
11,16 – 11 AM and 4 PM
* – Every day
* – Every month
* – Every day of the week
3. Schedule a Job for Specific Range of Time
(e.g. Only on Weekdays)
If you wanted a job to be scheduled for every hour with in a
specific range of time then use the following.
Cron Job everyday during working hours
This example checks the status of the database everyday
(including weekends) during the working hours 9 a.m – 6 p.m
00 09-18 * * * /home/ramesh/bin/check-db-status
00 – 0th Minute (Top of the hour)
09-18 – 9 am, 10 am,11 am, 12 am, 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4
pm, 5 pm, 6 pm
* – Every day
* – Every month
* – Every day of the week
Cron Job every weekday during working hours
This example checks the status of the database every
weekday (i.e excluding Sat and Sun) during the working hours
9 a.m – 6 p.m.
00 09-18 * * 1-5 /home/ramesh/bin/check-db-status
4. 00 – 0th Minute (Top of the hour)
09-18 – 9 am, 10 am,11 am, 12 am, 1 pm, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4
pm, 5 pm, 6 pm
* – Every day
* – Every month
1-5 -Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu and Fri (Every Weekday)
4. How to View Crontab Entries?
View Current Logged-In User’s Crontab entries
To view your crontab entries type crontab -l from your unix
account as shown below.
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -l
@yearly /home/ramesh/annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space
[Note: This displays crontab of the current logged in
user]
View Root Crontab entries
Login as root user (su – root) and do crontab -l as shown
below.
root@dev-db# crontab -l
no crontab for root
Crontab HowTo: View Other Linux User’s Crontabs
entries
To view crontab entries of other Linux users, login to root and
use -u {username} -l as shown below.
5. root@dev-db# crontab -u sathiya -l
@monthly /home/sathiya/monthly-backup
00 09-18 * * * /home/sathiya/check-db-status
5. How to Edit Crontab Entries?
Edit Current Logged-In User’s Crontab entries
To edit a crontab entries, use crontab -e as shown below. By
default this will edit the current logged-in users crontab.
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -e
@yearly /home/ramesh/centos/bin/annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/debian/bin/check-disk-space
~
"/tmp/crontab.XXXXyjWkHw" 2L, 83C
[Note: This will open the crontab file in Vim editor for
editing.
Please note cron created a temporary /tmp/crontab.XX... ]
When you save the above temporary file with :wq, it will save
the crontab and display the following message indicating the
crontab is successfully modified.
~
"crontab.XXXXyjWkHw" 2L, 83C written
crontab: installing new crontab
Edit Root Crontab entries
6. Login as root user (su – root) and do crontab -e as shown
below.
root@dev-db# crontab -e
Edit Other Linux User’s Crontab File entries
To edit crontab entries of other Linux users, login to root and
use -u {username} -e as shown below.
root@dev-db# crontab -u sathiya -e
@monthly /home/sathiya/fedora/bin/monthly-backup
00 09-18 * * * /home/sathiya/ubuntu/bin/check-db-status
~
~
~
"/tmp/crontab.XXXXyjWkHw" 2L, 83C
6. Schedule a Job for Every Minute Using Cron.
Ideally you may not have a requirement to schedule a job
every minute. But understanding this example will will help
you understand the other examples mentioned below in this
article.
* * * * * CMD
The * means all the possible unit — i.e every minute of every
hour through out the year. More than using this * directly, you
will find it very useful in the following cases.
When you specify */5 in minute field means every 5
minutes.
7. When you specify 0-10/2 in minute field mean every 2
minutes in the first 10 minute.
Thus the above convention can be used for all the other 4
fields.
7. Schedule a Background Cron Job For Every
10 Minutes.
Use the following, if you want to check the disk space every
10 minutes.
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space
It executes the specified command check-disk-space every 10
minutes through out the year. But you may have a
requirement of executing the command only during office
hours or vice versa. The above examples shows how to do
those things.
Instead of specifying values in the 5 fields, we can specify it
using a single keyword as mentioned below.
There are special cases in which instead of the above 5 fields
you can use @ followed by a keyword — such as reboot,
midnight, yearly, hourly.
Table: Cron special
keywords and its meaning
Keyword Equivalent
@yearly 0 0 1 1 *
@daily 0 0 * * *
@hourly 0 * * * *
@reboot Run at startup.
8. 8. Schedule a Job For First Minute of Every
Year using @yearly
If you want a job to be executed on the first minute of every
year, then you can use the@yearly cron keyword as shown
below.
This will execute the system annual maintenance using
annual-maintenance shell script at 00:00 on Jan 1st for every
year.
@yearly /home/ramesh/red-hat/bin/annual-maintenance
9. Schedule a Cron Job Beginning of Every
Month using @monthly
It is as similar as the @yearly as above. But executes the
command monthly once using@monthly cron keyword.
This will execute the shell script tape-backup at 00:00 on 1st
of every month.
@monthly /home/ramesh/suse/bin/tape-backup
10. Schedule a Background Job Every Day
using @daily
Using the @daily cron keyword, this will do a daily log file
cleanup using cleanup-logs shell scriptat 00:00 on every day.
@daily /home/ramesh/arch-linux/bin/cleanup-logs "day
started"
9. 11. How to Execute a Linux Command After
Every Reboot using @reboot?
Using the @reboot cron keyword, this will execute the
specified command once after the machine got booted every
time.
@reboot CMD
12. How to Disable/Redirect the Crontab Mail
Output using MAIL keyword?
By default crontab sends the job output to the user who
scheduled the job. If you want to redirect the output to a
specific user, add or update the MAIL variable in the crontab
as shown below.
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -l
MAIL="ramesh"
@yearly /home/ramesh/annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space
[Note: Crontab of the current logged in user with MAIL
variable]
10. If you wanted the mail not to be sent to anywhere, i.e to stop
the crontab output to be emailed, add or update the MAIL
variable in the crontab as shown below.
MAIL=""
13. How to Execute a Linux Cron Jobs Every
Second Using Crontab.
You cannot schedule a every-second cronjob. Because in
cron the minimum unit you can specify is minute. In a typical
scenario, there is no reason for most of us to run any job
every second in the system.
14. Specify PATH Variable in the Crontab
All the above examples we specified absolute path of the
Linux command or the shell-script that needs to be executed.
For example, instead of specifying /home/ramesh/tape-
backup, if you want to just specify tape-backup, then add the
path /home/ramesh to the PATH variable in the crontab as
shown below.
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -l
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/home/ramesh
11. @yearly annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * check-disk-space
[Note: Crontab of the current logged in user with PATH
variable]
15. Installing Crontab From a Cron File
Instead of directly editing the crontab file, you can also add all
the entries to a cron-file first. Once you have all thoese entries
in the file, you can upload or install them to the cron as shown
below.
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -l
no crontab for ramesh
$ cat cron-file.txt
@yearly /home/ramesh/annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space
ramesh@dev-db$ crontab cron-file.txt
12. ramesh@dev-db$ crontab -l
@yearly /home/ramesh/annual-maintenance
*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space
Note: This will install the cron-file.txt to your crontab, which
will also remove your old cron entries. So, please be careful
while uploading cron entries from a cron-file.txt.
Cron Vs Anacron: How to Setup Anacron on Linux (With an Example)
by SATHIYAMOORTHY on MAY 10, 2011
Anacron is the cron for desktops and
laptops.
Anacron does not expect the system to be running 24 x 7 like
a server.
When you want a background job to be executed
automatically on a machine that is not running 24 x 7, you
should use anacron.
13. For example, if you have a backup script scheduled everyday
at 11 PM as a regular cron job, and if your laptop is not up at
11 PM, your backup job will not be executed.
However, if you have the same job scheduled in anacron, you
can be sure that it will be executed once the laptop come
back up.
Anacrontab Format
Just like how cron has /etc/crontab, anacron has
/etc/anacrontab.
/etc/anacrontab file has the anacron jobs mentioned in the
following format.
period delay job-identifier command
Field 1 is Recurrence period: This is a numeric value that
specifies the number of days.
1 – daily
7 – weekly
30 – monthly
N – This can be any numeric value. N indicates number of
days
Note: You can also use ‘@monthly’ for a job that needs to be
executed monthly.
Field 2 is Delay: This indicates the delay in minutes. i.e X
number of minutes anacron should wait before executing the
job after the the machine starts.
14. Field 3 is Job identifier: It is the name for the job’s
timestamp file. It should be unique for each job. This will be
available as a file under the /var/spool/anacron directory. This
file will contain a single line that indicates the last time when
this job was executed.
# ls -1 /var/spool/anacron/
test.daily
cron.daily
cron.monthly
cron.weekly
# cat /var/spool/anacron/test.daily
20110507
Field 4 is command: Command or shell script that needs to
be executed.
Just like shell scripts, comments inside anacrontab file starts
with #
Note: For /etc/crontab file format, refer to our Linux Crontab:
15 Awesome Cron Job Examplesarticle.
Anacron Example
15. The following example executes the /home/sathiya/backup.sh
script once in every 7 days.
On the day when the backup.sh job is supposed to executed,
if the system is down for some reason, anacron will execute
the backup.sh script 15 minutes after the system comes back
up (without having to wait for another 7 days).
# cat /etc/anacrontab
7 15 test.daily /bin/sh
/home/sathiya/backup.sh
START_HOURS_RANGE and
RANDOM_DELAY
The above example indicates that the backup.sh script should
be executed every day, with a delay of 15 mins. i.e When the
laptop was started, executed it only after 15 minutes.
What happens when the laptop or desktop was not
shutdown? When does the job gets executed? This is
specified by the START_HOURS_RANGE environment
variable in the /etc/anacrontab file.
By default this is set to 3-22 in the file. This indicates the time
range from 3 a.m to 10 p.m.
# grep START /etc/anacrontab
START_HOURS_RANGE=3-22
16. On top of the user defined delay specified in the 2nd field of
the /etc/anacrontab file, anacron also randomly adds x
number of minutes. The x is defined by the RANDOM_DELAY
variable in the /etc/anacrontab file.
By default this is set to 45 in the file. This means that anacron
will add x minutes (randomly picked from 0 and 45), and add
this to the user defined delay.
# grep RANDOM /etc/anacrontab
RANDOM_DELAY=45
Cron Vs Anacron
Cron and anacron has its own advantages and
disadvantages. Depending on your requirement, use one of
them.
Cron Anacron
Minimum granularity is minute (i.e
Jobs can be scheduled to be
executed every minute)
Minimum granularity is only in days
Cron job can be scheduled by any
normal user ( if not restricted by
super user )
Anacron can be used only by super user ( but
there are workarounds to make it usable by
normal user )
Cron expects system to be running
24 x 7. If a job is scheduled, and
system is down during that time,
job is not executed.
Anacron doesn’t expect system to be running
24 x 7. If a job is scheduled, and system is
down during that time, it start the jobs when
the system comes back up.
Ideal for servers Ideal for desktops and laptops
Use cron when a job has to be
executed at a particular hour and
minute
Use anacron when a job has to be executed
irrespective of hour and minute
17. 6 Linux Crontab Command Examples
by RAMESH NATARAJAN on DECEMBER 14, 2011
Crontab command manages the cron table that is used by the
cron daemon to execute the cron jobs. This article explains
the various command line options of the crontab command.
1. Tweaking Other Users Crontab using Option
-u
-u stands for user. This should be followed by a valid
username in the system. -u option alone doesn’t do anything.
It should be combined with other options. Actually, it can be
combined with any other crontab command line options.
If you don’t specify -u username, crontab commands wil be
executed on the current user. For example, all of the following
crontab commands will be executed on the current logged in
user.
crontab -l
crontab -e
crontab -r
..
If you specify -u username, the crontab command will be
executed on the given username. For example, all of the
following crontab commands will be execute on the oracle
user.
18. crontab -u oracle -l
crontab -u oracle -e
crontab -u oracle -r
..
2. Display Cron Table using Option -l
-l stands for list. This displays the crontab of the current user.
Since I’m logged in as root, this will display the cron jobs of
root user.
# crontab -l
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
To display the cron jobs of other users, combine -l with -u
option.
# crontab -u oracle -l
01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/oracle/bin/rman-backup
The 15 crontab examples explains practical ways of using the
cron job entries.
3. Edit Cron Table using Option -e
19. -e stands for edit. This allows you to edit the crontab of the
current user. Since I’m logged in as root, this will
automatically open root’s cron jobs in a Vim editor, and allow
me to edit it.
# crontab -e
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
~
~
/tmp/crontab.7dgqju
As you notice from the above, /tmp/crontab.7dgqju is a
temporary file created by the crontab automatically where you
can edit your cron jobs.
When you save your edits and come out of the Vim editor, it
will display oone of the following messages, depending on
whether you made any changes or not.
# crontab -e
crontab: no changes made to crontab
# crontab -e
20. crontab: installing new crontab
Note: The editor that crontab uses to open the cron jobs for
editing depends on the VISUAL or EDITOR environment
variable. By default, it will use Vim editor on Linux
environment. But you can change it using the
VISUAL/EDITOR environment variable.
To edit the cron jobs of other users, combine -e with -u option.
# crontab -u oracle -e
crontab: installing new crontab
To understand the meaning of the crontab entries itself, refer
to How to Run a Cron Job Every 5 Minutes (or Hours, or
Days, or Months).
4. Load Crontab from a File
Instead of manually editing the crontab to add new jobs, you
can also upload all the cron jobs from a file. This is helpful
when you have to maintain lot of servers that has the same
cron job entries.
In the following example, all the cron jobs are in the
/home/root/mycronjobs.txt file.
# cat /home/root/mycronjobs.txt
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
21. 01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/root/bin/check-user-quota
To upload the mycronjobs.txt jobs to current user crontab, do
the following:
# crontab /home/root/mycronjobs.txt
Validate to make sure the cron jobs are successfully
uploaded.
# crontab -l
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/root/bin/check-user-quota
Note: Be careful while using this upload method, as this will
wipe-out all the current cron job entries before uploading the
new ones.
To upload the cron job from a file to another user, combine it
with -u option.
# crontab -u oracle /home/oracle/mycronjobs.txt
5. Add SELinux Security using Option -s
22. -s stands for SELinux. This will add the MLS_LEVEL variable
to the crontab that contains the current SELinux security
context.
To use -s option, you should upload the cron jobs from a file.
# cat /home/root/mycronjobs.txt
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/root/bin/check-user-quota
# crontab -s /home/root/mycronjobs/my.txt
SELINUX_ROLE_TYPE=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s
0-s0:c0.c1023
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/root/bin/check-user-quota
Depending on your system the above will add either
SELUNUX_ROLE_TYPE variable or MLS_LEVEL variable
that contains the SELinux security context string. If you are
not using SELinux in your environment, don’t worry about
what this option does. SELinux is a separate topic of
discussion, that we might cover in detail in future articles.
6. Delete All Cron Jobs using Option -r
23. -r stands for remove. This will remove all the cron job entries
of the current user as shown below.
# crontab -l
53 00 * * 7 /bin/sh /home/root/bin/server-backup
01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/root/bin/check-user-quota
# crontab -r
# crontab -l
no crontab for root
-i stands for interactive mode. Combining -i with -r will ask you
a confirmation before removing all the crontab entries.
# crontab -ir
crontab: really delete root's crontab? n
To remove the cron jobs of other users, combine -r with -u
option.
# crontab -u oracle -l
24. 01 00 * * * /bin/sh /home/oracle/bin/rman-backup
# crontab -u oracle -r
# crontab -u oracle -l
no crontab for oracle
How To Install, Edit, or Remove Cron Jobs in Batch Mode
by RAMESH NATARAJAN on NOVEMBER 20, 2009
Question: How can I install all the schedule jobs from a text
file to the crontab? Also, can I remove all the cron jobs at
once instead of removing the individual lines from the
crontab?
Answer: You can install, edit and remove crontab in batch
mode as examples below. Also, refer to our 15 crontab
examples.
1. Install Crontab in Batch Mode
By specifying the file name as an argument to crontab
command, you can install the new cron jobs from a text file as
shown below.
First create a text file with all your cron job entries.
25. $ cat cron-file.txt
* * * * * /bin/date >> /tmp/date-out
* * * * * /bin/ls >> /tmp/ls-out
Next, install the cron jobs from a text file as shown below.
$ crontab cron-file.txt
Note: This will overwrite the existing cron entries.
2. Edit crontab in Batch Mode
You can edit the crontab in batch mode using various
methods (for example, using sed).
Example: Change output redirection from write to append for
all cron jobs.
$ crontab -l
* * * * * /bin/date > /tmp/date-out
* * * * * /bin/ls > /tmp/ls-out
$ crontab -l | sed 's/>/>>/' | crontab -
26. $ crontab -l
* * * * * /bin/date >> /tmp/date-out
* * * * * /bin/ls >> /tmp/ls-out
3. Remove All cron jobs of the Current User
Crontab’s -r option removes all cron job for the current user. If
you have appropriate privilege, you can even remove other
user’s cron jobs using the -r option along with the -u user
option.
Example: Remove the current user cron entries.
$ crontab -r
Example: Remove the specified user cron entries.
$ crontab -r -u USERNAME