This research proposal aims to study the effects of vaccination on neurological development in young children. It proposes a mixed methods case study comparing vaccinated children aged 6 months to 3 years to unvaccinated children on a range of sensory and motor skills tests. The main research question asks if unvaccinated children are healthier in growth and development compared to vaccinated children following the CDC vaccination schedule. If differences are found, it could provide insight into the debate around potential links between vaccination and autism. The study design, tests to be used, and data collection procedures over multiple sessions are outlined.
Cell el company presentation dec17 for website 17 jan18Eliyahu Schuman
Cell-El Ltd is developing a diagnostic kit for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that uses proteomic and genetic biomarkers to enable early, objective diagnosis. The presentation outlines Cell-El's progress in collecting over 100 samples from children with ASD and controls to identify statistically significant biomarkers. If successful, the kit could allow for easier, earlier diagnosis of ASD compared to current behavioral methods, with the goal of facilitating early intervention. The team has published on immunological aspects of ASD and has an international network of experts collaborating on further research.
The document discusses a lesson plan that covers genetic screening and testing. Over the next 12 lessons, students will learn about genetics topics like inherited disorders, genetic testing, screening, and the ethical issues around how genetic information is used. One lesson focuses on genetic screening and testing, including how genetic information could be misused by insurance companies and discussed the arguments for and against using DNA profiles to determine insurance costs.
10 reasons why precision psychiatry will not be based on classical null-hypot...Danilo Bzdok
The nature of mental illness remains a conundrum. Traditional
disease categories are increasingly suspected to misrepresent the causes underlying mental disturbance. Yet, psychiatrists and investigators now have an unprecedented opportunity to benefit from complex patterns in brain, behavior, and genes using methods from machine learning (e.g., support vector machines, modern neural-network algorithms, crossvalidation procedures). Combining these analysis techniques with a wealth of data from consortia and repositories has the potential to advance a biologically grounded redefinition of major psychiatric disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that data-derived subgroups of psychiatric patient can better predict treatment outcomes than DSM/ICD diagnoses. In a new era of evidence-based psychiatry tailored to single patients, objectively measurable endophenotypes could allow for early disease detection, individualized treatment selection and dosage adjustment to reduce the burden of disease.
This document discusses the need for predictive modeling approaches in psychiatry rather than traditional hypothesis testing and inferential approaches. It argues that predictive modeling is better suited for large datasets, high-dimensional data, multiple outcomes, heterogeneous data sources, and precision medicine driven by observational data. The document reviews previous work applying predictive modeling and machine learning techniques to brain imaging and other data to predict cognitive domains in schizophrenia, position disorders along continuous axes, and integrate diverse data types for deeper phenotyping in psychiatry.
If you Build It - reviewing research from the Proactive Health Informatics and Wellness Innovation and Interaction Lab at Indiana University. Presented at the University of Notre Dame Computer Science and Engineering Colloquium. Notre Dame, IN and Purdue University Colloquium Series in Spring 2014
The document discusses early screening methods for autism and describes a new approach that combines predictive modeling of parent questionnaires and home videos. It finds that current screening methods are clinical, expensive, and time-intensive. The new approach uses predictive models of questionnaire and video data, and addresses challenges like bias and subjectivity through techniques like combining multiple predictors and allowing for indeterminate outcomes. A validation study of 162 children found the new approach matched expert diagnosis with 94% accuracy.
060915 current research that you should incorporate into yourDominick Maino
Current Research that You Should Incorporate into Your Mode of Practice Now!
Dominick Maino, OD, MEd, FAAO, FCOVD‐A
Moderator
Featuring the Best of AOA's 2015 Poster Presentations
Jun‐27‐2015 8:00AM ‐ 10:00AM
Optic Nerve Head Drusen: A Myriad of Presentations
Jennifer L. Jones, Sylvia E. Sparrow, Christina Grosshans
Validation Study of New LCD‐Based Contrast Sensitivity Testing Method
Sarah Henderson, Jeung H Kim, Paul Harris
Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinitis Pigmentosa and its Management
Lindsay T. Gibney
An ODE to Optic Disc Edema
Kelli Theisen
Is Binocular Balancing with Subjective Refraction a thing of the Past?
David Geffen
Optometry's Meeting 2015
Seattle, Washington
The document summarizes Jane Squires' presentation at the First International Symposium of ASQ Research held in San Francisco in 2014. The presentation traced the development of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), a parent-completed child monitoring system, from its creation in the 1980s to its current widespread international use. The ASQ has been translated into multiple languages and culturally adapted for use in over 30 countries. Research studies have found the ASQ to be a valid, reliable and low-cost developmental screening tool.
1. The percentage of children diagnosed with developmental disabilities like ADHD, autism, and intellectual disabilities has increased significantly from the 1990s to 2010 according to data from the CDC.
2. Environmental exposures to chemicals like lead, mercury, and pesticides during critical prenatal and early childhood periods have been linked to adverse neurological effects and higher risks of conditions such as ADHD, autism, and lowered IQ.
3. Further research is still needed to better understand the impacts of chemicals like arsenic, flame retardants, and plasticizers on child development and the mechanisms by which environmental factors interact with genetics to influence neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Evidence Based Practice: Pediatrics, Binocular Vision and Patients with Speci...Dominick Maino
This document discusses evidence-based clinical practice in pediatrics and optometry, specifically for patients with special needs. It covers different perspectives of clinicians and researchers, as well as patients' views. It questions whether evidence is needed for everything, given limitations of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. The document also discusses levels of scientific evidence and grades of evidence in evaluating research studies and forming clinical recommendations.
Perioperative Management of the Pediatric Organ Donorasclepiuspdfs
Introduction: For bereaved families, organ donation does not take away from the pain and loss of death, but it does give some meaning at the time and a great deal of comfort later. Each and every family whose child has suffered brain stem death should be offered the chance to donate. When a diagnosis of brain death has been made in a child, it may be possible for organ donation to occur, but it requires optimization of the donor and meticulous planning. There are a number of medical, nursing, ethical, psychological, and administrative issues which must be addressed in the perioperative period to facilitate the procurement of organs in good condition. Aim: This review aims to provide up to date information and provides the clinical pathway used in our tertiary level, university-affiliated children’s hospital for the management of the child in the critical care unit before organ donation, and intraoperative anaesthetic management. Method: This review was prepared using literature and clinical guidelines which were obtained from Medline and EMBASE databases, using the following search terms: Organ donation; intensive care management of organ donor; paediatric; neonatal; transplant outcome; and graft outcome. The focused literature search was carried out in 2017 by the five authors involved in the project. Results: The Society of Critical Care Medicine published consensus based guidelines for donor management in adult patients in 2015. Many of the core critical care principles in this document are similar in infants and children; although there are different considerations with respect to the diagnosis of brain death, consent, and pharmacological management. Full-text papers were employed by the project group to update our clinical pathway for the perioperative management of the infant or child who is a potential organ donor. Providing critical care medical and nursing staff with a pathway may improve communication, confidence, and delivery of care to the deceased child, their family and the graft recipients in this challenging situation.
WRTG 3014 - Lydia Wallace - ASD Research ReviewLydia Wallace
The document analyzes potential causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Utah, specifically the Wasatch Front region which has one of the highest ASD diagnosis rates in the nation. It finds that ASD is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors like single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants increase risk when combined with environmental exposures during prenatal development, like air pollutants. Studies have identified ASD "hotspots" in densely populated areas along the Wasatch Front with higher pollution levels. Both the genetic characteristics of the local population from founders and current environmental exposures may contribute to elevated ASD rates in the region.
Si nous portions un nouveau regard sur le syndrome d'encéphalite aiguë chez le sujet jeune ? Il faut penser aujourd'hui à évoquer l'Encéphalite Auto-Immune à Anticorps Anti-Récepteurs NMDA ! Vous sauverez des vies à l'évoquer devant toute épilepsie atypique et/ou psychose inaugurale associée à un signe discordant.
Lecture held at the University of the New South Wales in Sydney, Australia in December 2016. It briefly evaluates science on wireless radiation and health and presents some opinions concerning the human health risk.
Medical data and text mining: Linking diseases, drugs, and adverse reactionsLars Juhl Jensen
The document discusses medical data and text mining techniques used to link diseases, drugs, and adverse reactions using structured and unstructured data from Danish healthcare registries and electronic health records. It describes analyzing registry data covering 14 years of patient records to study diagnosis trajectories, comorbidities, and other outcomes. It also discusses challenges in analyzing free-text clinical records, such as complex terminology, abbreviations, and misspellings, and techniques used to recognize named entities and identify adverse drug reactions mentioned in the text. Finally, it acknowledges contributions from researchers involved in studying disease trajectories, adverse drug reactions, and electronic health record text mining.
Medical data and text mining: Linking diseases, drugs, and adverse reactionsLars Juhl Jensen
This document discusses medical data and text mining techniques for linking diseases, drugs, and adverse reactions. It describes using Danish healthcare registries containing data on patients, diagnoses, medications, and other structured clinical information. It also discusses mining unstructured clinical text using named entity recognition and dictionaries to extract disease, drug, and adverse reaction mentions and identify relationships between them to discover known and unknown drug-adverse reaction associations. Rule-based algorithms are used to classify mentions as actual adverse drug reactions.
An article discusses a study that found an AI approach was superior to traditional methods at identifying heart attack risk. The study analyzed data from over 11,000 patients across multiple countries and found AI could generate a more comprehensive analysis of the probability of a heart attack. Unlike traditional methods, AI takes into account personal factors like age, sex, and a patient's specific biomarker levels to understand how these variables interact and calculate a precise heart attack risk assessment.
Bedwetting is a problem for children and parents that has significant psychological and social impacts if left untreated. While some believe bedwetting will resolve on its own or is not a medical issue, evidence shows bedwetting can negatively impact a child's self-esteem and social development as well as cause stress for parents. Additionally, 20-30% of children with bedwetting may have underlying psychological disorders. Early evaluation and treatment is recommended to improve the child's well-being and development as well as reduce family stress.
The document presents a research proposal that aims to determine which type of pickup line is most effective in face-to-face contexts between males and females. The three types of pickup lines that will be tested are direct, innocuous, and flippant lines. The effectiveness will be measured by participants' willingness to provide their phone numbers. Both male and female participants will receive each type of pickup line from a researcher of both genders. The results will then be analyzed to conclude which style of pickup line works best. Ethical considerations like obtaining consent and allowing withdrawal are also addressed.
The research proposal aims to test if red color lighting shown on an object increases viewers' happiness. It will conduct an experiment showing 50 students a happy face mask under red lighting and have them rate their happiness level. The procedures describe setting up a booth to display the mask privately and collecting consent forms, questionnaires, and debriefing participants. Ethical considerations address maintaining confidentiality of data, technical adjustments for eye safety, voluntary participation, and conducting the study in a public space for personal safety.
Urban growth modelling in Jakarta Metropolitan area: the research proposalagungwah
The document presents a case study on modeling urban growth in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area of Indonesia. It outlines the objectives of reviewing factors in cellular automata urban growth models, identifying spatiotemporal patterns of urban growth in the area using Landsat imaging from 1978 to 2013, and developing an agent-based model of three agent types. The proposed methodologies include analyzing literature to determine key growth factors, performing supervised classification of satellite images and validating results, and defining agent behaviors through interviews and existing data to conceptualize the agent-based model. The study aims to simulate policy scenarios to evaluate their impacts on urban spatial patterns.
This research proposal examines the brand loyalty and customer satisfaction of BATA and SERVIS shoes in Pakistan. It aims to compare the two brands through a study involving data collection on customer satisfaction levels and analysis of how this impacts brand loyalty. The proposal provides background on the two companies, with SERVIS established in 1941 in Pakistan and being the largest footwear manufacturer and exporter, while BATA was founded in 1894 in the Czech Republic and has global operations in over 68 countries. The methodology section outlines plans to collect data through various sources and tools to gather information from participants on brand perceptions in order to process and analyze the findings.
1. The research will develop a conceptual framework for constraint management in construction projects. Effective identification and treatment of constraints is important for on-schedule and on-budget project completion but current methods are limited.
2. A literature review found studies focused on specific constraint types but not a comprehensive classification approach. The research will review constraint sources and characteristics, develop a classification method, and outline a framework to manage constraints throughout project planning and execution.
3. The objectives are to understand constraint sources and characteristics, develop a classification method, review current modeling methods, and outline a conceptual framework for total constraint management across project phases.
Research proposal_a study on mobile filmmaking Max Ex
This document outlines a study on mobile filmmaking. It discusses how mobile phones can be used to record personal experiences and observations, noting that mobile filmmaking lowers the barrier to entry for amateur filmmakers. The study aims to develop mobile filmmaking as a tool for visual communication. It hypothesizes that mobile media will link traditional and digital media, and will empower users to shape representations of themselves and their communities. The research design involves interviewing film students and collecting data on mobile filmmaking training. Data will be collected through interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, and online/media sources. The conclusion is that mobile technology has revolutionized filmmaking by providing an easy-to-use camera that is always accessible.
Proposal on research 'imapct of television on children'Aima Masood
This document discusses a research project on the impact of media on children. It will examine the influence of television through a questionnaire distributed to 35-40 students. Previous studies discussed in the literature review found that television exposure of over 4 hours per day negatively impacted children's health and eating habits. Violence was found to be present in 61% of American television programs. The research aims to determine if media has positive or negative effects on children in the researcher's region.
There are three main types of research: basic research, epidemiological research, and clinical research. The basic steps of research involve identifying the problem, planning the study design, implementing the plan by collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and reporting findings. Key aspects of the research process include formulating hypotheses, selecting appropriate study variables and objectives, choosing a study design, collecting and processing data, analyzing results, and writing proposals.
This document provides background information and outlines the objectives and methodology for a study on factors affecting the academic performance of postgraduate students at Uganda Management Institute's Gulu Center. Specifically, the study aims to examine the relationship between academic performance and three factors: students' admission points, their parents' socioeconomic status, and their former school background. The literature review discusses previous research supporting the hypothesized relationships between these factors and academic performance. The proposed methodology is a qualitative design utilizing questionnaires distributed to current and past postgraduate students and their facilitators at UMI Gulu Center. The responses will be analyzed to determine the influence of the three independent variables on students' academic performance.
This document provides background information on Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), the bacteria that causes strep throat. It discusses the importance of S. pyogenes as a pathogen, its mechanisms of pathogenesis, and challenges with antibiotic resistance. The proposed research aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phytochemicals from selected fruits against S. pyogenes at the molecular level, including effects on bacterial adherence, ATPase activity, and biofilm formation. Extracts and fractions from the fruits will be prepared and screened for activity, with the goal of advancing understanding of their inhibitory mechanisms against this important pathogen.
The document provides an overview of research design and proposal writing. It discusses key components of research design including introduction, purpose statement, objectives, significance, methodology, research questions and hypotheses, limitations, and ethics. It explains what a research proposal is and why it is important. The proposal outline includes introduction, purpose, literature review, methodology, potential ethical issues, and references. The session aims to help participants understand research design, write a proposal, and develop a final research proposal assignment.
This document outlines the components and structure of a research proposal. It begins by defining what a research proposal is and its purpose. It then discusses each section in detail, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, expected results, budget, and timeline. Key elements that should be included in each section are identified, such as clearly stating the research problem in the introduction and describing data collection and analysis plans in the methodology. Common mistakes to avoid are also outlined. Overall, this document provides a comprehensive guide for writing an effective research proposal.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective research proposal in 3 sentences or less:
The research proposal outlines the key components of a study such as the introduction, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, and limitations. It establishes the purpose and justification of the research and provides a plan for conducting the study. An effective proposal clearly defines the research problem, questions, variables, methodology, and intended outcomes of the study.
The document discusses a thesis proposal that aims to identify writing voice in ESL students' creative writing. It reviews research showing that assigning creative writing in ESL classrooms can increase students' English proficiency compared to only assigning academic writing. The proposal will analyze writing samples from a Basic English course to look for patterns in grammar, word usage, and style in students' academic and creative pieces in order to define their emerging writing persona. The goal is to help English professors develop students' confidence and individuality as writers by incorporating more creative writing activities.
A research proposal outlines a research project and provides information on key elements such as the research question, methodology, and ethical considerations. It connects the proposed research to existing literature and discusses the importance and viability of the research topic. Important components of a research proposal include the introduction of the research topic and why it is being studied, a literature review, research design outlining the methodology and methods of data collection/analysis, and consideration of ethical issues. The proposal should also include sections on aims/objectives, conclusions/recommendations, and references. A good title reflects the well-defined aims of the research in a concrete manner.
The document discusses a research study that aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness of student assistants assigned to selected offices at Holy Cross of Davao College. Specifically, it sought to understand the student assistants' perceived level of job performance, relationships with coworkers and clients, job satisfaction, ability to cope with stress, and overall effectiveness. The study used a descriptive research design and questionnaires to gather data from 37 student assistants in the guidance office, internet laboratory, and library. The findings showed that the student assistants generally felt they performed their tasks well and often maintained good relationships and satisfaction in their roles, though those in the library reported higher performance levels. The researchers recommended the student assistants be responsible in fulfilling their duties and that effective service comes from serving
The document provides an overview of the key elements that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses the purpose of a research proposal is to convince others that the proposed research project is worthwhile and that the investigator has the competence and work plan to complete it. The main elements that should be included in a research proposal are an introduction section outlining the background, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, ethical considerations, time schedule and references.
The document provides an overview of preparing a research proposal, including key sections. It discusses the importance of properly defining the research problem and designing the study through determining appropriate methods, sampling techniques, and data analysis procedures. The main components of an effective research proposal are outlined as the title, introduction, statement of the problem, procedures, time/cost estimates, and appendices.
This document outlines a research proposal that investigates teachers' perceptions of assessing students' oral reading skills in rural primary schools. The study aims to understand teachers' views on reading aloud assessments, and whether their perceptions differ based on years of teaching experience or education level. A mixed methods approach is proposed, using questionnaires to collect quantitative data on 80-120 teachers, and interviews of 12 teachers to obtain qualitative views. The research questions focus on teachers' perceptions of reading assessments, any differences related to experience or qualifications, and factors influencing perceptions. The significance, limitations, and methodology are described in the proposal.
PA 513 Lisa Lasker Policy and Evaluation FinalLisa Lasker
The document proposes repealing the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act and restructuring the childhood vaccine schedule. This would reduce healthcare costs, return liability to vaccine manufacturers, and increase GDP by improving population health and productivity. Mandating vaccination violates personal rights to refuse medical procedures. Recent evidence suggests current vaccine policies may be harming public health by overloading infants' immune systems and contributing to increased rates of autism and other neurological disorders. Further study of vaccine safety is needed, especially the potential long-term health impacts of ingredients like aluminum and mercury adjuvants.
proposal: Influences of Rhetoric in the Debate of Vaccines and Autism hussein opari
This document summarizes a research paper on the influences of rhetoric in the debate about vaccines and autism. The paper introduces the topic by noting the rising rates of autism diagnoses and the debate around potential links to vaccination. It then outlines the study's justification, research questions, and methodology. The study will analyze medical records and interviews to explore the evidence for links between vaccination, mercury levels, and autism rates in children. It will also review previous literature on both sides of the debate. The goal is to determine if vaccination is conclusively linked to autism or if other environmental factors may play a role.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are developmental disabilities characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, as well as restricted behaviors. While the causes of ASD are unclear, research suggests both genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Some studies have found higher rates of ASD diagnoses in recent decades, coinciding with rising childhood immunization rates, leading some parents to question whether vaccines could be linked to ASD. However, several medical organizations have examined this potential link and rejected it based on large studies finding no connection. While the debate continues, effective educational programs and family support remain important.
Lisa Lasker.Research Proposal.PA508.2015finalLisa Lasker
This document provides a research proposal for a mixed methods case study comparing health outcomes of vaccinated versus unvaccinated children aged 6 months to 3 years. The proposal outlines the problem of rising autism rates and limited research on vaccine safety. It proposes conducting interviews and collecting medical records to study differences in sensory, motor skills, and overall health between the two groups. The literature review discusses studies showing heavy metals in vaccines can damage brain cells and notes conflicts of interest in major pro-vaccine researchers. The proposal aims to further investigate potential links between vaccination and health issues.
Nurses are often the frontline for educating parents and administering immunizations to children. However, the immunization-autism debate has led more parents to refuse vaccines due to safety concerns. The author argues that nurses should be better educated on the debate so they can inform parents of alternative schedules that involve fewer, more spread out vaccines as a compromise. A poll by the author found that over 50% of respondents who believe vaccines may cause autism would choose an alternative schedule. Offering parents realistic options and education may increase immunization rates while also addressing legitimate safety fears.
Neuroscience Research Australia conducts research across the lifespan from childhood to older age to understand and cure diseases of the brain and nervous system. Their research includes studies of:
1) How negative schemas or self-beliefs in childhood are associated with psychotic-like experiences in children and how early interventions may help improve mental health outcomes.
2) Factors contributing to suboptimal child restraint use in cars and child injuries despite high rates of restraint usage, such as the role of parents' perceptions of child comfort.
3) Differences between children with autism to help predict their developmental outcomes, such as studying subgroups that may share neurobiological traits related to clinical progression.
The document is a research report that explores the controversy surrounding childhood vaccinations. It begins by defining vaccines and the vaccination process, describing how vaccines are developed and regulated. It then outlines the CDC's recommended vaccination schedule for children's first six years. The report examines both sides of the vaccination debate, including arguments against vaccines and the scientific community's response. It also discusses Andrew Wakefield's discredited claims linking vaccines to developmental disorders and the resulting drop in vaccination rates.
Kelley King Heyworth, Vaccines The Reality Behind the Debate, P.docxDIPESH30
Kelley King Heyworth, "Vaccines: The Reality Behind the Debate," Parents, May 2010. Reprinted by permission.
"We have to move forward and be willing to accept what science tells us: Vaccines do not cause autism."
In the following viewpoint, Kelley King Heyworth reports that the medical community is overwhelmingly supportive of childhood vaccinations. Heyworth believes that despite a growing movement that insists on a causal connection between vaccinations and autism, evidence refutes this claim. As one doctor explains in Heyworth's viewpoint, there is more likely a coincidental link between immunization schedules and diagnoses of autism because the disease tends to arise when children are young—around the same ages that they are receiving vaccinations. Heyworth warns that refusing vaccination for fear of autism endangers the unvaccinated child and the whole community because formerly controlled diseases such as measles and whooping cough have reemerged in unvaccinated populations. Kelley King Heyworth is a writer who has written for Parents and Sports Illustrated magazines. She is married to a medical researcher.
As you read, consider the following questions:
1. As Heyworth writes, what mercury-containing preservative in vaccines did Andrew Wakefield argue might push infants' mercury exposure beyond safe limits?
2. According to the author, what happened to Wakefield's notorious publication in February 2010?
3. As Heyworth reports, why did the drug manufacturer Merck recall certain lots of the Hib vaccine distributed in 2007?
As Summer Estall approached her first birthday, her mom, Lisa, had more on her mind than party plans. Summer was about to receive not only cake, and presents, but also—surprise!—her fourth round of shots in ten months. "Her last vaccinations had been tough," says Estall, of Grand Forks, North Dakota. "She was her usual happy self after being examined by the doctor, but then we were called into a room where two nurses were both holding long needles. They told me to lay Summer on the table, pull her pants down, and pin down her arms. Of course, she started to scream, and it felt like I was preparing her for torture. By the time the nurses got the Band-Aids on, Summer seemed to be okay—but I was a wreck."
However, it wasn't just the painful pricks that worried Estall about her daughter's 12-month shots. "Everywhere I go, someone's talking about the danger of vaccines," she says. "There are moms posting about their kids' side effects on just about every online parenting forum. The other day I had coffee with two friends, and one of them said she wasn't vaccinating her kids. I can't help but wonder: Should I really be injecting a healthy child with these things?"
Medical Community Supports Vaccination
The answer from the vast majority of medical experts is a resounding "yes." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend that healthy children get vaccinated again ...
This document summarizes current research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to help clinicians provide guidance to families. It discusses that ASD is characterized by difficulties with social communication and repetitive behaviors. While ASD is lifelong, outcomes have improved in recent decades due to things like increased community support services. However, most individuals still require lifelong support. The document reviews signs and symptoms of ASD based on diagnostic criteria, issues around screening and diagnosis at different ages, risk factors and causes, available treatments and their effectiveness, transitions individuals face, and recommendations for clinicians in assisting families.
This daily health update email summarizes recent studies on various health topics. A study found that differences in brain structure may help explain increased risk of hallucinations for schizophrenia patients. Rates of sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia, syphilis and gonorrhea increased for the first time in years, possibly due to less access to clinics. Research links eating breakfast, especially nutritious breakfasts, to better academic performance in students. Exercise can benefit patients with chronic kidney disease by improving quality of life and increasing fitness. Chronic neck pain patients are more likely to develop insomnia, with high pain levels and depression as predictors. Sleeping more on non-work days may increase risks for diabetes and heart disease.
This document discusses the rising rates of premature birth worldwide and the associated neurodevelopmental disabilities. While medical advances have improved survival rates for extremely premature infants, rates of long-term disabilities remain high. Brain injuries are the most common neurological consequence and can include cerebral palsy and cognitive impairments. Researchers are working to better understand brain development and identify biomarkers to predict injuries, as well as develop more targeted neuroprotective treatments beyond the only currently effective therapy of therapeutic hypothermia. Precision treatments are needed to protect the developing brain from common stresses in premature infants like hypoxia and infection.
Autism Spectrum Disorder A case study of Mikey.pdfKathryn Patel
This case study describes an 8-year-old boy, Mikey, who was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder at age 4. Mikey is having behavioral issues during his morning routine that disrupt his entire day. An occupational therapy evaluation found that Mikey has sensory processing difficulties, engages in repetitive behaviors, and plays at the social developmental level of a 12-month old. The evaluation suggests occupational therapy to address Mikey's sensory needs and develop his social skills morning routine.
13 Assessing Current Approaches to Childhood ImmunizatioChantellPantoja184
13
Assessing Current Approaches to Childhood Immunizations
Department of Psychology, Grand Canyon University
PSY-550: Research Methods
Dr. Shari Schwartz
May 19, 2021
Introduction
Immunization is the process in which an individual is protected against disease, and it is done via vaccination. On the other hand, vaccination is the action of a vaccine being introduced into the body to produce immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine is a product that arouses the immune system of an individual, thus the production of immunity to a particular disease. The immunity thus protects the individual from that disease. Immunity is the protection from a disease that is infectious. Child immunization is the primary public health approach in the reduction of child mortality and morbidity. Assessment of the current approaches that are linked to the immunization of a child is essential. Globally, primary immunization is estimated to prevent approximately 2.5 million childhood deaths annually from tetanus, diphtheria, measles, and pertussis (Dube et al., 2013). Immunization succession is always accompanied by rejection of public health practices, and reasons for these have never been straightforward. Some of the motivations are religious, scientific, or even political. To reduce the incidence and prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination programs depend on a high uptake level. Vaccination offers protection for vaccinated individuals. When there are high vaccination coverage rates, the indirect protection rate is stimulated for the overall community (Dube et al., 2013).Literature Review
Despite this massive use, immunization coverage in countries still developing has been reported to be still low. If mothers were educated on the importance of these vaccine services to their children, all the children would receive immunization as per the Expanded Program on the Immunization schedule, hence preventing mortality and morbidity. According to Thapar et al., in 2014, approximately an 18.7million children could not get the third dose of the Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT3) vaccine. The total percentage of children who are one year and below and have to receive their dosses of DPT3 vaccine is seen as a proxy indicator regarding full immunization. The DPT3 estimates assess the health system performance and measure the immunization program effectiveness regarding service delivery. These strategies are thus used in the implementation of strategies for the elimination and eradication of diseases. According to Thapar et al., the global coverage for DPT1 and DPT3 was 90% and 86%, respectively, while that of measles first dose at 86%.
The above estimates thus do not replicate the seen differences in vaccine coverage. The coverage of DPT1 and DPT3 varied from 84% and 76% in Africa and 97% and 94% in the European countries. In India, the routine has been lower than in the rest of the countries. Following the 2013 outbreak in Israel, many paren ...
13 Assessing Current Approaches to Childhood ImmunizatioCicelyBourqueju
This document presents a research proposal assessing current approaches to childhood immunization. The study will use a community-based cross-sectional design to examine factors associated with partial immunization of children under five, such as mothers' knowledge, beliefs, religion, and education level. A sample of mothers will be surveyed using random stratified sampling. Correlation analyses will examine relationships between vaccination hesitancy and demographic factors. The results could help identify digital methods for tracking under-vaccinated children and inform future health policy. Limitations include potential recall bias and the time needed for data collection.
Epidemiological studies aim to investigate factors while controlling for variables, though this can be difficult with human subjects whose lives vary greatly. Longitudinal studies follow the same group over long periods, like a US study tracking 100,000 children from birth to age 21 to examine environmental and genetic impacts on health. Evaluating scientific studies requires assessing valid methodology, precise measurements, reproducibility, potential biases, and disclosures of researchers and funders. Epidemiological research identifies risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, distinguishing between fixed factors like genes and modifiable factors impacted by individual choices.
Can vaccines cause autoimmune disorderskirti betai
While some argue that vaccines can trigger autoimmune disorders, research shows no evidence that vaccines cause autoimmune diseases. However, vaccines may cause temporary flare-ups of symptoms in individuals already diagnosed with an autoimmune condition. Ongoing research continues to study possible links through various techniques, but current data suggests vaccines do not increase autoimmune disorder risk for most people. It remains unclear if very small high-risk groups could be affected.
The document argues that vaccines are unsafe and ineffective, and that the pharmaceutical industry and government lie about this in order to perpetuate harm to human life. It provides 9 questions that pro-vaccine advocates are unable to answer to prove the safety of vaccines, such as requests for double-blind studies and evidence that vaccines target mutating viruses. The document claims that independent research shows vaccines are unsafe while research by drug makers and the government cannot be trusted.
This presentation is a Grand Rounds for the Dept. of Pediatrics at Mt. Sinai Hospital in Chicago. Presented by child psychiatrist, Daniel B. Martinez, M.D. February 9, 2011
3. Design
Based on the hypothesis that vaccinations are causing widespread
neurological damages in children today in relation to the current
vaccination schedule.
Pragmatic Approach to a Mixed Method Sequential Explanatory
Design.
Consequences of actions. problem-centered, social construction,
theory generation. (Creswell 2014, pg. 6)
4. The Problem:
Autism and Causal
Links to Vaccination.
Plenty of studies have shown that the
injection of heavy metals into the
bloodstream results in alteration of a
normal human neurological system
(Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013; Geier &
Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011;
Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012). Neural
damage has been documented at a
finite level by a physician from Canada,
Dr. Andrew J. Moulden who had
multiple degrees and a lifetime of
experience diagnosing mental health
disorders and later vaccine damages in
children. Dr. Moulden died
unexpectedly on November 04, 2013;
before he could launch his campaign
to end vaccination.
Taken from data displayed on the
Center for Disease Control’s website,
“One in 68 children, in the United
States alone, today suffers from
Autism Spectrum Disorder” (ASD).
(CDC.gov, 2015). Since the rise of
ASD to epidemic proportions, it
deserves a closer look. The presence
of heavy metals in our vaccinations
has gained recognition in the field of
pediatrics and neurology.
5. The Purpose:
Vaccination is currently a “Hot Bed” topic in the field of Public Administration
as a senate bill, SB277, which advocates for mandatory vaccination of all
people, is being considered. Of course, passing a bill like this would relieve the
need for medical informed consent to be followed in any state that adopts it
and if it becomes Federal, then we lose our rights to say what happens to our
own body.
A mixed method case study of vaccinated on schedule versus un-
vaccinated children, aged six months to three years, to determine how each
perform on a range of sensory and fine motor skills testing is warranted in the
United States. Well-documented data concludes that metal toxicants
damage neural function, yet little is known to what extent. (Austin 2008; Kern
et al. 2013; Geier & Geier et al. 2014; Leslie & Kroger 2011; Tomljenovic 2012).
6. Literature Review:
Identified Studies on CDC
website that refute
causation of neurological
damage association with
vaccination.
• Dr. Paul Offit, 2003,2007
• Barile et al. 2011
• Performed by Researchers
who admittedly have ties
with special interest groups.
• Methodology questionable
Identified Studies that
confirm causation of
neurological damage
association with
vaccination.
• Austin 2008; Kern et al. 2013;
Geier & Geier et al. 2014;
Leslie & Kroger 2011;
Tomljenovic and Shaw 2012
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, et al 2012).
• Dr Richard Moskowitz 2008
Hidden in Plain Sight
• Not tied to any special
interest groups.
• Methodology medically
intensive.
• Reports “All vaccines cause
harm.” (Moulden 2009)
• Not tied to any special
interest groups.
• Had impeccable
credentials.
• Killed in the line of duty and
terribly mutilated his videos,
injecting nonsense trying to
make him look insane.
Dr. Andrew J.
Moulden
7. Vaccines contain:
“Vaccines contain live viruses, killed viruses, purified viral proteins, inactivated
bacterial toxins, or bacterial polysaccharides,. In addition, to these
immunogens, vaccines often contain other substances. For example,
vaccines may contain preservatives that prevent bacterial or fungal
contamination (eg. Thimersol); adjuvants that enhance antigen-specific
immune responses (eg. Aluminum salts); or additives that stabilize live,
attenuated viruses (eg. Gelatin, human serum albumin). Furthermore,
vaccines may contain residual quantities of substances used during
manufacturing process (eg. Formaldehyde, antibiotics, egg proteins, yeast
proteins)” (Offit 2003, 1394).
Per recommended vaccination schedule, our children are being shot up with
all of these substances that are not natural. Today a child receives a
combination of over 40 vaccinations by the time they reach six years of age
(CDC.gov May 8, 2015). And we wonder why the incidences of autism are
skyrocketing.
8. Early Childhood Vaccine Schedule: Ages Birth to Six Years
(CDC.Gov 2015) Printed with permission. May 7, 2015 “You can syndicate any or all of the
immunization schedules – those intended for healthcare professionals and the easy-to-read
schedules intended for everyone. Copy the code for a schedule and paste within your Web page.”
9. Research Questions:
Main Question: Are un-vaccinated children ranging in age from six months to
three years-old healthier, in regards to growth and development, than
vaccinated children in relation to the current vaccination schedule set forth
by the Center for Disease Control?
Sub-question 1: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated
children in regards to fine motor skills?
Sub-question 2: How do un-vaccinated children compare to vaccinated
children in regards to nervous tics?
10. Data collection procedures:
Each child will be seen by the doctor regularly, on site, at 30-day intervals to record
vital signs, reflex testing, and fine motor examinations. Additionally, physicians,
parents, and caregivers will complete the ASD Interviews as set forth by the DMV-5
found in the appendix. This collection model is known as “the participant as the
observer” (Creswell 2014, 191). Physicians, parents, care-givers, teachers, and/or
daycare providers will be informed about what to look for regarding neurological
symptoms during testing phases. The quantitative data collected will pertain to the
number of visits children make to the doctors’ offices while the qualitative data will
address data collected from the ASD Interview. The nature of the visits and any
problems will be recorded, sorted and organized by existing programs designed for
this purpose.
11. Definition of terms:
Adjuvants - Preservatives or aluminum salts or ethyl-mercury, also the
substance that promotes uptake of the vaccine to create immune system
reaction.
Blood Brain Barrier - The protective mechanism that bars certain substances
from entering the brain.
Capillaries - The smallest form of blood vessel.
Dendrites - The very ends of nerve tissue that connect to the capillaries.
Encephalopathy - Swelling of the brain or parts of the brain.
Immunology - The process by which immunity is gained through vaccination
or other exposure to a disease.
Ischemia - Lack of oxygen to the cells, impaired blood flow.
12. Conclusion:
The CDC claims there is no causal link between autism and vaccination
(CDC.gov 2015); however, empirical evidence says otherwise, yet there has not
been a causal link [established]. The observation of an un-vaccinated child versus a
fully vaccinated child regarding the rates of growth and development could indeed
close this gap in thinking. Yin (2014) speaks of this when he states, “The causal
links may reflect critical insights into public policy process or into social science
theory” (147). Let us define social science theory: It is merely a reflection of the
researcher’s viewpoint; positivist, post-positivist, pragmatic, or constructivist and
depends on the motives of the researcher and their study (Creswell 2014, 5-11).
Therefore, this writer, as a pragmatist who has the best interest of the growth and
development of our children and our country, is out to save Humanity and quite
possibly the future of our country.
13. References:
Austin, David. "An epidemiological analysis of the ‘autism as mercury poisoning’ hypothesis." International
Journal of Risk & Safety In Medicine 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 135-142. Accessed February 16, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010170869&site=eds-live
Barile, John P, Gabriel P Kuperminc, Eric S Weintraub, Jonathan W Mink, and William W Thompson. 2012.
"Thimerosal exposure in early life and neuropsychological outcomes 7-10 years later." Journal of Pediatric
Psychology 37, no. 1: 106-118. Accessed May 1, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=21785120&site=eds-live
CDC.gov 2015. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Updated March 2, 2015, accessed April 7, 2015. http://
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/topics.html
CDC.gov 2012. Vaccination Coverage Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2011–12 School
Year. 61(33); 647-652. Updated August 24, 2012, accessed May 7, 2015.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6133a2.htm?s_cid=mm6133a2_x
Creswell, John W. 2014. "Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches." 4th
ed. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications
Economist.com 2010. A Smarter Jab. Updated 2015, accessed May 7, 2015.
http://www.economist.com/node/17258858
Geier, D. A., P. G. King, L. K. Sykes, and M. R. Geier. 2008. "A comprehensive review of mercury provoked
autism." Indian Journal Of Medical Research 128, no. 4: 383-411. Accessed April 4, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=19106436&site=eds-live
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, et al. "Blood Mercury Concentrations in CHARGE Study Children with and without
Autism." Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 1 (January 2010): 161-166. Accessed February 16, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.30249923&site=eds-live
HHS.gov. Recommendations from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee: Standards for Adult
Immunization Practice1. Updated September 10, 2013, accessed April 7, 2015.
http://www.hhs.gov/nvpo/nvac/reports/nvacstandards.pdf
14. References Continued:
Leslie, Kerry, and Susan Koger 2011. “A Significant Factor in Autism: Methyl Mercury Induced Oxidative Stress in Genetically
Susceptible Individuals”. Journal of Developmental & Physical Disabilities 23, no. 4 313-324. Accessed February 16, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2011195461&site=eds-live
Moulden, Dr. Andrew J 2009. “Chapter 2: Where we Went Wrong with Vaccines: ONE BRIEF BIOGRAPHY & WHAT WE DID
WRONG WITH VACINES.” Accessed March 3, 2015. https://www.scribd.com/doc/11564466/Ch-2-Vaccine-Errors or
https://www.endalldisease.com/dr-andrew-moulden-found-every-vaccine-causes-harm-then-died-suspiciously/
Moskowitz, Richard 2013. "Hidden in Plain Sight: Vaccines as a Major Risk Factor for Chronic Disease." American Journal of
Homeopathic Medicine 106, no. 3: 107-119. Accessed February 16, 2015.
http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsghw&AN=edsgcl.375081298&site=eds-live
Offit, Paul A. and Rita K. Jew, Pharm D+ 2003. “Addressing Parents Concerns: Do Vaccines Contain Harmful Preservatives,
Adjuvants, Additive, or Residuals?” Pediatrics. Vol. 112 No. 6, 1394-1401. Accessed April 7, 2015.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1394.full
Oshu.edu. 2015. ASD PARENT INTERVIEW (based on DSM-5 criteria). Oregon Health and Science University: Updated 2015,
accessed May 7, 2015.
http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/occyshn/programs-projects/upload/asd-parent-interview_formatted_2012_0325.pdf
Pajaras, F. (2007). Elements of a Proposal. Emory University. Stored in Doc Sharing PA 508, Park University online classroom.
Accessed April 9, 2015. 1-9
Pulendran, Bali, and Rafi Ahmed. 2011. "Immunological mechanisms of vaccination." Nature Immunology 12, no. 6: 509-517.
Accessed May 9, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aph&AN=60653459&site=eds-live
Tomljenovic, L, and CA Shaw. 2012. "Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations."
Lupus 21, no. 2: 223-230. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://pegleg.park.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aph&AN=70235923&site=eds-live
Willingham, Emily and Laura Helft. 2014. What is “Herd Immunity?” PBS.org 2015. Updated 2015, accessed May 6, 2015.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/herd-immunity.html