This document provides guidance for developing an action research proposal. It discusses why teachers should conduct research, how to formulate an action research topic by identifying a problem or gap, developing an intervention strategy, and formulating research questions and hypotheses. It also provides tips for composing different sections of the research proposal such as scope and delimitation, participants and sampling, data collection procedures, and data analysis. The overall purpose is to equip teachers with the knowledge and skills to develop their own research proposals in order to graduate, get promoted, earn incentives, and enhance research abilities.
Psyc 255 case study paper instructionsreviewed for fall d 2020 YASHU40
This document provides instructions for a case study assignment in a psychology course. Students must answer 4 questions about case studies in 2-4 pages using APA format. They must include a title page, references page, and headings for each question. The questions address defining a case study, advantages and disadvantages, reasons for using the approach, and sources of information. Proper APA formatting, citations, and at least 2 references are required. The assignment is due in Module 5.
This document summarizes a research study that analyzed the effect of conventional teaching methods on developing metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills in high school students in Malang, Indonesia. The study compared the potential of conventional learning strategies to innovative strategies like Reciprocal Teaching, Think Pair Share, and a combination of both. Results showed that conventional learning had the lowest potential to improve students' metacognitive and critical thinking skills. The increase in metacognitive skills was over 60% lower using conventional learning compared to other strategies. Similarly, the increase in critical thinking skills was over 60% lower using conventional learning. The findings suggest that teachers should move beyond conventional teaching and use more innovative strategies to better develop students' skills.
This document provides an overview of action research. It defines action research as a systematic inquiry conducted by educators to gather information about how schools operate, how teachers teach, and how students learn, with the goal of immediate application and problem-solving in a local setting. The document discusses the importance of action research, including that it deals with specific problems, provides timely results, allows educators to improve practices, and promotes collaboration. It also contrasts action research with fundamental research, noting differences in their goals and methodologies. Finally, it outlines the typical steps involved in conducting action research, such as identifying problems, reviewing literature, determining methods, and analyzing results.
The document describes the mountain climbing learning analogy method, a student-centered teaching strategy used in Japan. It focuses on students actively building knowledge through collaboration, with the teacher serving as a facilitator. An experiment was conducted comparing this method to a traditional lecture in a basic math class. Results showed the experimental group performed significantly better on a post-test, while both groups had similar attitudes towards math. It was concluded the mountain climbing method can be an effective teaching strategy. Further research at other universities was recommended.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses research designs such as experimental, correlational, survey, ethnographic, case study, historical, and action research. It also categorizes research as descriptive, associational, or intervention studies. Key aspects of quantitative and qualitative approaches are compared such as goals, design, data collection and analysis techniques. Examples are provided to illustrate different research problem types and appropriate methodologies.
This study examined teachers' perceptions of factors affecting their effectiveness in private primary schools in Kolfe Keranio Sub-City, Addis Ababa. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 126 teachers and interviews with 7 principals. The factors analyzed included teacher-related factors like recognition and salary, school-related factors like facilities and leadership, and parent-related factors like cooperation. Results showed that teachers felt recognition, adequate training, and salary influenced their effectiveness, while principals said support, workload, and working conditions also impacted it. The study concluded that addressing these factors through a supportive environment could improve teacher effectiveness and retention.
This document provides an overview of descriptive research. Descriptive research describes characteristics or phenomena as they naturally occur without influencing or manipulating variables. It can be used to identify problems, develop hypotheses for further research, and make predictions. The key types of descriptive research discussed are survey research, which collects data from populations to describe trends or opinions; interrelationship research including case studies, causal-comparative research, and correlational research; and developmental research which studies phenomena over time. Descriptive research is useful in education for identifying issues, gathering data to inform decision making, and establishing baseline information.
Dr Hewilia Hetmańczyk-Bajer tested for her Ph.D. studies efficiency of TOC Tools. She worked with children of primary schools (9 ys). She proved that TOC Tools are efficient and help children to improve their behaviour - in variuos areas. Here is here presentation showing her reasearch in detail. Her work was done in Katowice, Poland. She works for Silesian University in Katowice (Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Education)
Educational Research methods and ToolsNSureshBabu4
The document discusses research methods and tools used in educational research. It defines research methods as strategies used to collect and analyze data to uncover new information on a topic. The two main types of research methods are quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods focus on measuring and analyzing relationships between variables, while qualitative methods aim to understand phenomena in their natural settings. Common quantitative tools include questionnaires, rating scales, and tests. Qualitative tools include interviews, observations, and document analysis. The document also provides examples and definitions of specific research approaches like experimental, descriptive, case study, and ethnography research. Common tools in educational research are questionnaires, interviews, observations, checklists, and scorecards.
ED523 Research Analysis Purpose Finding research-based instruc.docxtidwellveronique
ED523 Research Analysis
Purpose:
Finding research-based instructional practices that are applicable to your unique classroom situation can inform your practice. In this assignment you will use the ERIC database in the University Library to select an article to analyze. In Unit 3, you will write a lesson plan using what you have learned from this article about your chosen instructional technique.
Directions:
Choose one instructional method that is applicable to your unique classroom situation. This can be based on what you have learned in previous courses or from your own experience. Some suggestions can be found in the Bullmaster literature review in Unit 2.
Go to the University Library to search the ERIC, Academic Search Premier, or Professional Development Collection databases and select one full text article on your chosen instructional method. Examples of possible topics might be discovery learning, scaffolding, nonlinguistic representations, cooperative learning, etc. (This topic can also be used for your Literature Review due in Unit 6. If you find several articles of interest, you might want to save them for your Literature Review.)
Write a 2-3 page paper analyzing and reflecting on the article you read. Use the following headers and discussion questions to frame your research analysis assignment.
Research Problem:
· What are the research questions? What is the hypothesis being tested?
Literature Review/ Theoretical Framework: (This will be a summary of the author’s literature review included in the article. You will not need to create a new literature review.)
· What general field of knowledge does this study investigate? Examples could include: Research on Teacher Effectiveness, Research on Self-Reflective Learning, Research on Gender Differences in Mathematics Performance, etc.
· List three key points from the study’s literature review that help the reader understand what is already known about the subject, and the purpose of this study in light of other studies.
· Cite at least one study used by the author for each of the three points you list.
Research Design:
· Describe the research design (experimental, correlational, descriptive, etc.).
· Describe the method(s) of data collection.
· Describe the method(s) of data analysis.
· Experimental studies seek to prove cause-and-effect relationships. The role of the researcher is to introduce a change (known as a "treatment") into a situation and note the results. Collecting data in experimental studies is accomplished through observation, "counting," and measurement. The data is then analyzed by statistical methods. These studies are sometimes referred to as quantitative studies.
· Correlational studies can be descriptive or experimental, and they seek to prove a relationship between events without any manipulation of those events by the researcher. Data from correlational studies is analyzed by statistical methods.
· Descriptive or qualitative studies report and ana.
A Study on the Relationship between Affective Learning outcome and Achievemen...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: science, as a subject is universal and has no boundaries. Teaching of science should enable the students to enrich their Affective domain. The interest, attitude and aptitude in science help students to learn and apply scientific concepts and principles in a logical and effective way. Factors such as student motivation, attitudes, perceptions and values are included in the affective domain. It is therefore not surprising that affective domain learning outcomes are often the least considered when teachers plan or conduct their lessons. Teachers can increase their effectiveness by considering the affective domain in planning courses, delivering lectures and activities, and assessing student learning. In this paper, the investigator tried to find out whether there exists any relationship between Affective Learning Outcome and Achievement in Physics of Secondary School Students for the total sample and for the subsample based on Gender. The investigator also finds out whether exist any significant differences in the Affective Learning Outcome and Achievement in Physics among Secondary School Students based on Gender. Proper statistical techniques were used for collecting standardizing and analyzing the data.
The document discusses using the Comprehensive Literacy Assessment (CRLA) to assess reading performance of Grade 2 learners in Pinagbirayan Elementary School. It provides 5 questions about analyzing the results of the CRLA assessment administered in SY 2021-2022. Related literature is presented on using early reading assessments to inform instruction, the importance of diagnostic assessment to identify conditions impacting performance, and strategies used after implementing a reading program. Descriptive statistics will be used to determine percentages of readers at different levels. Instructional tools should target students with low comprehension. The advantage of CRLA is it determines students' strengths and weaknesses to guide reading interventions.
Problem Based Learning In Comparison To Traditional Teaching As Perceived By ...iosrjce
Objectives: To compare lecture based learning (LBL) with problem based learning (PBL).
Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was carried out among 145 3rd year MBBS students in
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College(JNMC), Aligarh. The study was performedfor a period of 60 days. Data was
collected by means of structured questionnaire.
Results: 65 (44.8%) students were girls while 80 (55.2%) were boys. 89 (61.4%) students liked only PBL
followed by both LBL and PBL by 104(71.7%) students. 59(40.7 %) students claimed that PBL has led to better
understanding of subject while 71(48.9%) respondents favored both LBL and PBL. 98(67.6%) respondents
admitted that PBL has led to more clarification of their concepts while 105(72.4%) students appreciated both.
Coverage of sufficient syllabus through PBL and both was claimed by 91(62.8%) and 105(72.4%) students
respectively. Majority 94(64.8%) was satisfied with training of the teacher for traditional teaching while
106(73.1%) were satisfied with training of facilitator for PBL. 69(47.5%) students were satisfied with
availability of resources for PBL while 71(48.9%) were for both methods combined together. 91(62.8%)
respondents preferred present scenario (LBL parallel with PBL)in JNMC.
Conclusion: LBL must be in symbiosis with PBL for better analytical approach and clarification of concepts.
There is need to improve the information resources for PBL and enhancement of practical knowledge of
students.
This document provides an overview of various research methods used in educational research, including correlational research, experimental research, quasi-experimental research, qualitative research, longitudinal and cross-sectional research, design experiments, microgenetic research, single-subject research, and action research. It describes the key aspects of each method and compares their strengths and weaknesses. Choosing an appropriate research method depends on factors like the research question, sample, available resources, intended audience, and whether the method allows researchers to best answer the question.
School effectiveness-and-improvement-contribution-of-teacher-qualification-to...oircjournals
School examination results the world over are arguably the most important measure of perceived success or failure
of a candidate. It has been pointed out by the Nyanza Provincial Education Board that the province’s performance in
examinations and the quality of education in general is unsatisfactory and inadequate. The paper sought to determine
the contribution of teacher qualification to students’ scores. The study adopted the Theory of Organisational Climate
which defines organisational climate as the human environment within which an organization’s employees do their
work. A case study and survey design was used. Purposive sampling was used to identify the four schools under study
and form three students. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents of the study. Data was analyzed
using both qualitative and quantitative using descriptive statistics in particular percentages and means. The study
found that teachers’ qualifications affect teaching ability while knowledge of teachers’ subject was among the major
teacher factors contributing to students’ academic achievements.
The Effect of Problem-Solving Instructional Strategies on Students’ Learning ...iosrjce
This study investigated the use of problems-solving and its effect on student achievement in the mole
concept. Ninety six (96) senior secondary II students were randomly selected form Demonstration Secondary
School, College of Education Azare. The instrument for data collection was 30-item chemistry achievement test
(CAT). The instrument was validated and its reliability determined to be 0.81. Two research questions and two
hypotheses guided the study. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the
research questions, while t-test statistics was used to answer the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The
results revealed that student taught using problem-solving performed significantly better than those taught
through lecture method. From the findings chemistry teachers are encouraged to attend seminars/workshops on
problem -solving in order to facilitate the teaching and learning of chemistry in schools.
The document outlines the key components of a research methods chapter, including the research method used, population and sampling design, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment. It provides examples and guidelines for how to describe each component, such as defining the research method, explaining the sampling technique, describing the survey questions and scale, and discussing how data was collected and analyzed.
The document outlines the key components of a research methods chapter, including the research method used, population and sampling design, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment. It provides examples and guidelines for how to describe each component, such as defining the research method, explaining the sampling technique and sample size, describing the structure of the research instrument, and discussing how data was collected and analyzed.
This document contains records of absentee and non-appearing pupils from St. Francis Elementary School in Limay, Bataan for the 2023-2024 school year. It lists the names of pupils, number of absent days, addresses, guardians' names, and planned actions for various kindergarten, first year, second year, third year, and fourth year classes. The records were prepared by the respective class advisers and noted by the school head, Dexter V. Fernandez. Contact information for the school is also provided.
This document provides tips for writing effective feature articles. It begins by outlining the objectives of feature writing and what distinguishes it from hard news articles. The key aspects are focusing on the human angle rather than just news events, having a less rigid structure, and relying on a features editor for guidance. When planning, writers should consider the purpose, intended audience, and best way to convey the message. The body of a feature article should draw readers in through the lead and sustain their interest by gradually revealing details in a logical order. Direct quotes are important to make people come alive. Feature writing aims for impact, proximity to readers, timeliness, novelty, and some conflict. Leads can be descriptive, dramatic, anecdotal
This document provides guidance on how to effectively write a feature article. It begins by outlining the objectives of teaching feature writing skills to students and others. It then defines key aspects of feature articles, such as focusing on the human angle rather than just news events. The document provides tips for planning an article, including determining the purpose and intended audience. It offers guidance on crafting a strong lead, maintaining reader attention in the body, and concluding effectively. The document also discusses important values for feature writing and different types of leads. Overall, the document aims to equip writers with best practices for writing compelling feature articles.
The document outlines an agenda for a workshop on validating a SIP Quality Assessment Tool and SIP Style Guide. The workshop will include presentations on the purpose and overview of the tools, simulations to validate the tools using sample SIPs, and discussions on outputs and next steps. The SIP QA Tool is a standardized rubric for assessing SIP quality. It rates SIPs as excellent, meeting expectations, or below expectations based on criteria for chapters addressing the preparatory, assessment, and planning phases. The SIP Style Guide provides a template to guide schools in writing clear, concise SIPs within a 10-page maximum.
The document provides guidance on conducting research and writing an introduction for an essay. It discusses the overall research process, including defining a problem, conducting a literature review, developing a research framework, gathering and analyzing data, and discussing findings. It then outlines the Introduction, Methods, Findings, and Discussion (IMFD) format for structuring a research paper. Specific details are provided on how to write an effective introduction, including presenting the research topic, briefly discussing the problem, and stating the objectives and scope. Teachers are assigned the task of finding literature on their research topic and preparing a draft introduction.
This document provides do's and don'ts for newspaper layout and design:
1. Headlines should not touch each other in adjacent columns. Pictures and boxes can be used to separate headlines.
2. The top of every column should have a headline or picture. Long articles can span two columns.
3. Avoid wide spacing between words and lines of headlines to improve readability.
This document lists activities, venues, and dates for the Regional Schools Press Conference (RSPC) for school years 2007-2008. It includes:
1. A regional training of school paper advisers and campus journalists in Matain, Zambales from August 6-10, 2007.
2. Division trainings and screenings from August to October 2007 to select qualifiers for regional competitions.
3. The 2007 RSPC was held in Subic, Zambales from November 19-23, 2007 and included individual writing contests and a demo contest.
4. Results were submitted to the regional office in January 2008 for the 2007-2008 RITP and RSPC. The RITP
The Rise of Python in Finance,Automating Trading Strategies: _.pdfRiya Sen
In the dynamic realm of finance, where every second counts, the integration of technology has become indispensable. Aspiring traders and seasoned investors alike are turning to coding as a powerful tool to unlock new avenues of financial success. In this blog, we delve into the world of Python live trading strategies, exploring how coding can be the key to navigating the complexities of the market and securing your path to prosperity.
Big Data and Analytics Shaping the future of PaymentsRuchiRathor2
The payments industry is experiencing a data-driven revolution powered by big data and analytics.
Here's a glimpse into 5 ways this dynamic duo is transforming how we pay.
In essence, big data and analytics are playing a pivotal role in building a future filled with faster, more secure, and convenient payment methods for everyone.
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Overview of Statistical software such as ODK, surveyCTO,and CSPro
2. Software installation(for computer, and tablet or mobile devices)
3. Create a data entry application
4. Create the data dictionary
5. Create the data entry forms
6. Enter data
7. Add Edits to the Data Entry Application
8. CAPI questions and texts
Solution Manual for First Course in Abstract Algebra A, 8th Edition by John B...rightmanforbloodline
Solution Manual for First Course in Abstract Algebra A, 8th Edition by John B. Fraleigh, Verified Chapters 1 - 56,.pdf
Solution Manual for First Course in Abstract Algebra A, 8th Edition by John B. Fraleigh, Verified Chapters 1 - 56,.pdf
AWS re:Invent 2023 - Deep dive into Amazon Aurora and its innovations DAT408Grant McAlister
With an innovative architecture that decouples compute from storage and advanced features like Global Database and low-latency read replicas, Amazon Aurora reimagines what it means to be a relational database. Aurora is a modern database service offering unparalleled performance and high availability at scale with full open source MySQL and PostgreSQL compatibility. In this session, dive deep into the most exciting new features Aurora offers, including Aurora I/O-Optimized, Aurora zero-ETL integration with Amazon Redshift, and Aurora Serverless v2. Learn how the addition of the pgvector extension allows for the storage of vector embeddings and support of vector similarity searches for generative AI.
Towards an Analysis-Ready, Cloud-Optimised service for FAIR fusion dataSamuel Jackson
We present our work to improve data accessibility and performance for data-intensive tasks within the fusion research community. Our primary goal is to develop services that facilitate efficient access for data-intensive applications while ensuring compliance with FAIR principles [1], as well as adoption of interoperable tools, methods and standards.
The major outcome of our work is the successful creation and deployment of a data service for the MAST (Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak) experiment [2], leading to substantial enhancements in data discoverability, accessibility, and overall data retrieval performance, particularly in scenarios involving large-scale data access. Our work follows the principles of Analysis-Ready, Cloud Optimised (ARCO) data [3] by using cloud optimised data formats for fusion data.
Our system consists of a query-able metadata catalogue, complemented with an object storage system for publicly serving data from the MAST experiment. We will show how our solution integrates with the Pandata stack [4] to enable data analysis and processing at scales that would have previously been intractable, paving the way for data-intensive workflows running routinely with minimal pre-processing on the part of the researcher. By using a cloud-optimised file format such as zarr [5] we can enable interactive data analysis and visualisation while avoiding large data transfers. Our solution integrates with common python data analysis libraries for large, complex scientific data such as xarray [6] for complex data structures and dask [7] for parallel computation and lazily working with larger that memory datasets.
The incorporation of these technologies is vital for advancing simulation, design, and enabling emerging technologies like machine learning and foundation models, all of which rely on efficient access to extensive repositories of high-quality data. Relying on the FAIR guiding principles for data stewardship not only enhances data findability, accessibility, and reusability, but also fosters international cooperation on the interoperability of data and tools, driving fusion research into new realms and ensuring its relevance in an era characterised by advanced technologies in data science.
[1] Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data 3, 160018 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
[2] M Cox, The Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak, Fusion Engineering and Design, Volume 46, Issues 2–4, 1999, Pages 397-404, ISSN 0920-3796, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00031-9
[3] Stern, Charles, et al. "Pangeo forge: crowdsourcing analysis-ready, cloud optimized data production." Frontiers in Climate 3 (2022): 782909.
[4] Bednar, James A., and Martin Durant. "The Pandata Scalable Open-Source Analysis Stack." (2023).
[5] Alistair Miles (2024) ‘zarr-developers/zarr-python: v2.17.1’. Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10790679
[6] Hoyer, S. & Hamman, J., (20
I’m excited to finally share my research from last year on the hypnotic effects of mass media and digital platformization. This study explores how our attention is influenced through YouTube’s audio-visual content. Key points:
- **Objective:** Examine the hypnotic side effects of media on attention.
- **Focus:** Sound and visual experiences on YouTube.
- **Methodology:** Mixed digital approach with quantitative and qualitative analysis.
- **Findings:** Observations on techniques in attention-based economies and their cognitive impact.
- **Implications:** Considerations for future research in media and mind interactions, especially within OSINT-oriented communities.
Curious about the details? Check out my slide deck and let’s discuss the future possibilities.
#Research #AttentionEconomy #YouTube #DigitalMedia #MediaStudies #VisualNetworkAnalysis #HypnodelicMedia
3. To graduate! To be promoted!
To earn through research incentives!
To enhance our research skill!
IAM A TEACHER. I AM NOT
JUST A CONSUMER OF
KNOWLEDGE, IAM ALSO A
PRODUCER OF
KNOWLEDGE!
20. General presentation of the research gap
1st Paragraph
First sentence contains the topic of the
research article
Short presentation of the research objective
21. Sample
Academic Stress on Modular Learning
Index (ASMLI) for Senior High School
Students: An Exploratory and
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
22. Problems related to academic stress of students towards learning
modality call for an immediate response (Castro, 2020). It is to avoid
consequential drawbacks like academic underachievement,
decreased motivation, and increased risk of school dropout and
psychological related problems (Rosiek, Rosiek-Kryszewska,
Leksowski, & Leksowski, 2016). Nonetheless, addressing this
concern necessitates on indulging into the problem to verify and to
understand the situation. However, available academic stress
instruments are found not suitable because these only measure
students’ stress level in a normal setting. Henceforth, there is a need
to develop a reliable, valid, and factor analyzed instrument to
measure students' academic stress in modular learning modality (Du
Plessis & Martins, 2019).
23. It serves as literature review.
Body
Discussion of the problem or of the
intervention
Presentation needs to be from foreign to
local
24. Having this scenario, there is a need to address the problem by
determining what and where the problem lies in order to develop a
suitable remediation through appropriate teaching strategies promoted by
responsive school programs. Thus, it necessitates for a reliable, valid and
factor analyzed instrument. However, common academic stress scaling is
not suitable for three (3) reasons. First, it is not patterned to measure
academic stress in modular learning. Second, the instrument operates
only in a regular classroom setting wherein face-to-face instruction
exists. Third, it is not culturally aligned with the context and experiences
of the students. Because of these, the development of academic stress on
the modular learning index through exploratory factor analysis is
proposed. It aims to develop a reliable, valid and factor analyzed
instrument that can measure senior high school students' academic stress
towards modular learning approach.
29. 1. What is the experimental and control group’s
pretest (sometimes test title is indicated) result?
2. What is the experimental and control group’s
posttest (sometimes test title is indicated) result?
30. 3. Is there any significant difference between the
experimental and control group’s pretest result?
4. Is there any significant difference between the
experimental and control group’s posttest result?
32. 3. Is there any significant difference between
the experimental and control group’s pretest
result?
4. Is there any significant difference between
the experimental and control group’s posttest
result?
GO BACK TO
RESEARCH Q. 3
AND Q4
INTERROGATIVE
TO DECLARATIVE
SENTENCE
33. There is no significant difference between the
experimental and control group’s pretest result
There is no significant difference between the
experimental and control group’s posttest
result.
.
.
The study considers two (2) null hypotheses:
37. Note:
Use ”MAY” instead of will.
Just answer how the
research will benefit the
beneficiaries of your
research
38. Teachers. As directly related to the senior high
school students, the study may benefit the
teachers for an instrument may be available to
them to measure the academic stress level of
their students towards modular learning. Thus,
they may develop preventive and corrective
measures that may help students to cope with
stress brought by their current academic
situation.
41. 1st Paragraph
Intervention
Experimental Period
Instrument (soft explanation)
Construction (soft explanation)
Ethics Followed
General Objective
Research Methods/
Design
Locale
Participants
Time
Population/ Class Size
Statistical Tool
Treatment of data
Scope and Delimitation
2nd Paragraph 3rd Paragraph
42. The quasi-experimental study focuses on the reinforcement of the
grade 11 SMAW students’ reading comprehension skill of Lamao
National High School during the academic year 2019-2020. The
research locale is Lamao National High School. Accordingly, a
school is an ideal research setting or venue for an educational
research (Estolas & Boquiren, 1973). This integrated secondary
public school is located at Barangay Lamao, municipality of Limay
in the province of Bataan. The school caters both Junior and Senior
High School students from grade 7 to grade 12. This research
utilizes match and paired sampling method. The participants are
chosen based on their reading comprehension level, sex and age. In
general, there will be twenty (20) participants – ten (10) for
experimental and ten (10) for controlled group, for the study. To
designate the respondents on the grouping, lottery method is
employed.
43. The study uses a graphic novel as a reading
reinforcement material. The graphic novel is entitled,
“The Orphans, the Dog and the Enchanted Pot”. It is
composed in light of contextualization. Thus, the setting
and plot of the story are all based from students’
schema. Likewise, the names of the places, characters
and situations of the story are paralleled from the
common experience of the students. Furthermore, the
author used different local folktales of Bataan province
to localize the story itself. Participants are exposed to
this reading material for twenty-four (24) days.
44. The instruments of the study are teacher-made
reading comprehension tests. These are the
pretest and posttest reading comprehension test
intended to identify the reading comprehension
level of the readers. These are composed of fifty
(50) items multiple choice examination.
Interpretation of the reading level is based from
Phil-IRI. Likewise, it is pretested to other
students with the same age and grade level.
Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient to assess its
validity and reliability.
45. The gathered information is carefully
tabulated, analyzed and interpreted for
deeper scrutiny. Parametric test is used to
answer the hypothesis. Hence, frequency,
mean, percentage, independent and paired t-
test are used as appropriate statistical tools.
Outliers are discarded to secure the validity of
the result. For the respondents’ data,
confidentiality of the data is secured to assure
their unanimity.
48. Type of Research
Method of
Research
Usually, it is
composed of 2
to 3
paragraphs Research
Design
Experimental
Design (kinds)
Flavor it with citations and
relate it with the study
Experimental
Method
Spice it with citations and
relate it with the present
study
49. The study is quasi-experimental method of research. It is
described as a kind of method or procedure involving the
control or manipulation of conditions for studying the related
effects of various treatments applied to member of a sample, or
of the same treatment applied to members of different samples.
This experimental study follows the two (2) groups with pretest
and posttest quasi-experimental design. On this regards, the
respondents is group into two (2) based on their reading
comprehension level, sex and age. Thus, the groups are called
experimental and controlled group. The pretest is conducted
prior to the exposure to the graphic novel of the experimental
group. However, the controlled group is not given any form of
reading materials. After the exposure to the reading material,
posttest is directed.
50. This study also considers descriptive method of
research. According to Aquino (1974), this method
of research is a fact-finding with adequate
interpretation. It also involves description,
recording, analysis, and interpretation of the
present nature, composition or process of
phenomena. Moreover, this kind of research
focuses on prevailing conditions, how persons,
groups, things behave and function. Likewise, this
provides essential data for the nature of the
participants.
54. This quasi-experimental research examines the
impact of contextualized graphic novel entitled,
“The Orphans, the Dog and the Enchanted Pot” to
the grade 11 SMAW students on their reading
comprehension. The said class is composed of fifty-
two (52) students. In determining the sample size,
match and paired sampling method is used. It is
based on their sex and age. Thus, this lead to
twenty (20) SMAW students with identical
qualification.
56. The table showed the two (2) groups of the
participants. These were experimental and
controlled groups. As presented, majority of them
are in the age of eighteen (18) years old comprising
of seven (7) or 35 percent respectively.
Nonetheless, this was seventy (70) percent of the
total population. On the other hand, for the age of
seventeen (17), there were fifteen (15) percent for
both groups. Thus, it comprised of thirty (30)
percent of the total participants. All of the
participants were male.
58. You need to identify the
details of the proposed intervention,
innovation or strategy. You need to
explain also when and where it will
be undertaken; who will be involved,
activities to be done; and why and
how the intervention will address the
problem or issue.
59. You also need to specify if
the proposed intervention,
innovation or strategy is a teacher-
made or adopted. If it is teacher
made, you need to explain how it
was develop, the content, coverage,
and how it was validated.
60. The reading material that is used as reading
intervention material is a contextualized graphic novel
titled, “The Orphans, the Dog, and the Enchanted Pot”.
This unpublished literary piece is authored by the
researcher. It is first used as a reading intervention
intended for the grade 7 students. Thus, part of the
recommendation is to test the material for various
types of readers in other grade level. It is to uphold its
benefits and to assess the possible effects to its readers
in different grade levels.
61. As a graphic novel, it is written in contextualized
format following the localization approach. This
approach is the act or process of putting into localized
context or making sense of the material from the
situation or location in which it was found. In general,
the novel is a fictional adventure of the main characters:
Jillo, Ramon, Puloy and Balalang in the fictitious past.
It is composed of twenty-five (25) chapters with one
hundred forty-five (145) pages.
62. On the other hand, the subplots of the stories are
adaptations form selected local folktales and folklores
of Bataan province. The sub-stories include the
folktale of the three mythical animals from Orion, the
old phosphorous and lime mining site of Limay, and
the story of the Mores, natives of Morong. Moreover, it
contains the tragic legend of the Mariveles. The
intervention undergoes through series of testing like
Flesch and Kincaid Readability test and Flesch grade
level test to support its suitability to the projected
readers.
65. The instrument to be used is a teacher-made test. It is
composed of two (2) parts. The first part is intended for the
profile of the respondents and second for the reading
comprehension tests. The reading comprehension tests serve
as either pretest or posttest of the study. For the composition
of the tests, the researcher adopted some articles present in
the Bataan provincial website. However, major enrichment is
done to make the story appealing and appropriate for the
projected participants. Even though the content of the pretest
is the same with the posttest, questions and choices from the
first test are shuffled to avoid memorization of the questions.
66. The face and content validity of the research instrument is
accomplished by the experts. It is to ensure the validity of the
questions and choices presented in the test. Likewise, Flesh
and Kincaid Reading ease test is accomplished to determine
the suitability of each questions to the projected participants.
Furthermore, it is piloted to selected grade 12 students who
are not part of the study to establish its reliability using
Cronbach Alpha Reliability Coefficient. It is to evaluate the
reliability of the reading comprehension tests as a valid
research instrument.
68. The data gathering procedure is divided into three (3)
phases. These are pre-experimental phase, experimental
phase and the post intervention or post experimental phase.
Pre-experimental phase (Phase 1) – Phase 1 is the initial
experimental process. This begins with the pretest reading
comprehension. It is conducted for one (1) hour to both
experimental and controlled groups. Proper decorum and
practices in administering the test are observed to facilitate
the process. It expires after it is conducted.
70. Protocols in conducting the study are followed. All pertinent
documents in pursuing the study are secured. First is the
permission for the utilization of the graphic novel. It is
communicated to the dean of the graduate school where the
material is first used. Second is seeking permission for the
conduct of the study to the immediate superior. Third is
communication letter for the experts who validate and
examine the instruments to be used in the study. Last is the
permission addressed to the provincial government official of
Bataan. It is for the adoption of the reading selections that
became bases for the construction of the instrument.
71. DATA
ANALYSIS
• Specifies the methods/ tools
that will be used in analyzing
the data gathered for the
research
• Shows appropriateness of the
statistical tools in relation to
the research question,
methods and instrument
• Indicates how the data will be
analyzed and reported.
72. The gathered data are statistically analyzed through the use
of suitable and appropriate statistical tools. Computations are
done using Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences
(SPSS). It is a statistical software the aims to have an
accurate calculation of the numerical data with lesser human
intervention. In particular, frequency and percentage is
employed in describing the profile of the respondents in
terms of age, and sex. For the pretest and posttest result,
mean and standard deviation is computed.
73. To reduce score differences, formula scoring of multiple
choices is applied. This procedure is designed to reduce
irregularities in answering due to guessing. In analyzing the
hypothesis, the study employs a parametric tests. Hence,
independent and paired t-test are used. Rejection or
affirmation of the hypothesis is based from .05 level of
significance. Quiroz (2015), explains that statistical values
with the level of significance less than or equal to .05 is
considered significant. It is interpreted as rejection of the null
hypothesis. On the contrary, level of significance greater than
.05 is interpreted as not significant. It means an acceptance
of the null hypothesis.