The document discusses various topics related to genetics and stem cell research including:
- The goals of the Human Genome Project which aimed to map all human genes between 1990-2003.
- Ethical, legal and social implications of the project including issues around genetic privacy and discrimination.
- Three types of genetic disorders - single gene, chromosomal abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders.
- The use of genetic counseling and karyotypes to understand genetic risks.
- Arguments for and against embryonic stem cell research focusing on when human life begins and whether embryos should be used for medical research.
Joseph B. Genetic Engineering to cure disorders and diseases, period 6.
Ryan Lacker, (same topic), period 8.
16 slides. If the second video on slide 7 doesn't work, please go to this link:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0SQKXXXI6Q
The document discusses the ethics of post-mortem sperm retrieval. It presents scenarios where a husband or partner has died without providing consent for sperm retrieval, but the family requests it in hopes of having a child. While some argue this respects the deceased's likely wishes, others argue it disrespects the deceased and their consent should be required. The document also notes the financial and health risks involved in post-mortem sperm retrieval and raising a child this way. It concludes that every case is complex and deserves careful consideration of the deceased's wishes, the child's interests, and cultural and legal factors.
Adler migge genetics research march 13-templateMorganScience
This document discusses genetic modification of foods and the implications. It begins with an overview of genetics principles like heredity, traits, and Punnett squares. It then discusses the Human Genome Project which sought to map all human genes. The project had implications for genetic screening, privacy, and potential discrimination. The document also discusses types of genetic disorders like single gene, chromosomal abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders. It provides examples like cystic fibrosis. Finally, it presents arguments for and against genetically modifying foods, noting concerns about allergic reactions, health risks, and dangers of unknown changes to molecular structures in foods.
How Human Cloning Will Make Us Better HumansFrank Taylor
Many people fear human cloning without realizing the many health benefits that come with organ manufacturing and limb regeneration. This is the dawn of huge advancements in human cloning.
This document discusses genetic privacy and the implications of not having it. It provides background on genetics concepts like dominant and recessive alleles. It then discusses the Human Genome Project and how it led to new laws like GINA in 2008 to prevent health insurance and employment discrimination based on genetic information. Without genetic privacy laws, insurance companies could deny coverage or employers could discriminate based on genetic risks of disease. The document also argues that genetic information should not be used without consent.
This document discusses several topics related to genetics including basic principles of genetics, Punnett squares, the Human Genome Project, genetic disorders, genetic counseling, and arguments for and against human cloning. It explains that genes determine traits, alleles are variants of genes, and dominant alleles are always expressed while recessive alleles require two copies to be expressed. It also provides examples of single gene disorders like sickle cell and cystic fibrosis, and chromosome abnormalities like Down syndrome. The Human Genome Project mapped all human genes to better understand genetic diseases and develop tests/treatments. Genetic counseling helps couples understand disease risks in their family. Arguments for cloning include organ/blood donation matches and replicating family members, while arguments against include DNA evidence issues and
This document discusses genetics and genetic modification of foods. It provides examples of genetically modified foods like Golden Rice and cows that produce more milk. It covers basic genetic principles like dominant and recessive alleles. It also discusses genetic technologies like the human genome project, cloning, genetic counseling, and debates around genetically modified organisms and foods.
1) A dominant allele's trait always shows up when present, while a recessive allele is masked by a dominant allele. Co-dominance occurs when neither allele is fully dominant or recessive.
2) The Human Genome Project, started in 1990, aimed to study human genetics to find cures for diseases like cancer. It raised legal issues around genetic engineering and privacy, as well as social issues of how findings may affect society.
3) Genetic disorders can be single-gene, chromosomal, or multifactorial from lifestyle/environmental factors. Examples include Down syndrome from an extra chromosome.
Bases of human genetic. Method of studying of human heredityEneutron
The document discusses various methods used to study human genetics including genealogical, twins, dermatoglyphic, cytogenetic, biochemical, and molecular biology methods. It provides details on genealogical pedigrees, characteristics of autosomal dominant and recessive and X-linked inheritance patterns, twin studies to distinguish genetic from environmental influences, dermatoglyphic analysis of skin ridge patterns, cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes, and examples of sex-linked traits.
General overview of patterns of transmission of single gene traitsPaul Adepoju
I delivered this presentation to fellow postgraduate students. It's on the various traits, normal and pathological, that are transmitted by single genes.
Cure and Treatment of Diseases and DisordersMorganScience
Genetic engineering can be used to cure diseases and treat genetic disorders. It has potential to cure conditions like AIDS and cystic fibrosis by altering genes. However, there are also ethical concerns about genetic testing and privacy. Karyotyping can help predict genetic disorders by identifying chromosomal abnormalities. While genetic engineering holds promise, its application to cure diseases is still being researched.
The document discusses arguments for and against harvesting stem cells. It notes potential risks like tumors forming if transplanted stem cells divide uncontrollably. It also discusses the ethical issues with using embryonic stem cells, as it requires destroying embryos. While stem cells could help treatments, there are concerns about the process and limited supplies of eggs needed for cloning techniques. Overall the conclusion is that government should reject proposals for harvesting stem cells until more research addresses these risks and ethical concerns.
Clinical genetics is one of the most rapidly advancing fields in medicine. Spectacular progress has been achieved in this century with unravelling of the entire draft sequence of the human genome. A major contribution of these advances has been in diagnosis, management and prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders as treatment in most cases is difficult or impossible and where available beyond the means of most families. Genetic technology is advancing rapidly, bringing new, safer and more sensitive ways to diagnose genetic conditions pre- and postnatally. These advances will bring about profound changes in the way we deliver obstetric services to women and their families. Diagnosing a genetic disorder not only allows for disease-specific management options but also has implications for the affected individual's entire family. Hence, a working understanding of the underlying concepts of genetic disease is important for all practicing clinicians. Although it is impossible to know all aspects of clinical and molecular genetics, basic knowledge of certain topics is a must for all practicing obstetrician/gynecologists.
This document discusses the biological basis and ethical implications of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and embryo selection. PGD involves screening IVF embryos for genetic disorders before implantation. While PGD can prevent transferring embryos with serious genetic abnormalities, it also requires creating and discarding unselected embryos. This raises ethical debates around when personhood begins and whether embryo destruction is equivalent to abortion. Additionally, using PGD for nonmedical sex or trait selection could promote eugenics and reinforce harmful social biases. Overall, the document examines both sides of these complex issues regarding PGD and selecting particular embryos.
Babies who are designed through a genetic modification process are called designer babies or genetic engineered babies. The seminar is all about the advantage and disadvantage of genetic engineered babies. The types of designing babies are germline engineering and preimplantation genetic engineering. A scientist, Jiankui He of Southern University of Science and Technology of China, recently claimed at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong on 29 November that he has created the world's first genetically altered babies using CRISPR. This announcement sparked controversy and criticism. The newly developed CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been applied to genetic modification of many kinds of animals. However, the technique is still in its infancy and many questions remain to be answered before it can be used for clinical purposes, especially for reproductive purposes. Here we discuss about CRISPR-CAS9 use in development of genetic engineered babies.
This document provides an overview of genetics and health. It discusses the history of genetics from Darwin and Mendel's early work establishing genetics as a field to modern advances like the structure of DNA being discovered and the human genome project. It also summarizes different types of genetic disorders like monogenic, chromosomal, and polygenic disorders and their inheritance patterns. The document discusses the large disease burden from genetic disorders globally and in India. It introduces concepts like gene-environment interaction and the difference between genetics and genomics. Finally, it summarizes results from the human genome project like the number of genes identified.
Preimplantation genetic screening (pgs) current ppt2鋒博 蔡
This document discusses the ethical challenges of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which allows in vitro fertilization patients to test embryos for genetic abnormalities or traits before implantation. PGD is presented as a powerful new technology that raises concerns about safety, access, and its societal effects. The document outlines the technical process of PGD and surveys both its potential benefits in selecting healthy embryos and risks if not properly regulated. It concludes that as a society we must determine whether and how PGD should be used given its ability to influence the genetic characteristics of children.
The document summarizes an apheresis conference that covered various therapeutic apheresis modalities and equipment, clinical indications, vascular access techniques, pediatric and special populations, reimbursement, and program management. Experts from different medical centers presented on topics like LDL apheresis, photopheresis, TPE guidelines, cell therapies, complications, and developments in the field. Hands-on workshops and breakfast sessions with experts provided opportunities for learning best practices to bring back and share with apheresis teams. The goal was to educate apheresis professionals on current standards and advance their knowledge.
1) The document summarizes findings from multiple studies comparing the use of bone marrow versus peripheral blood stem cells as the stem cell source for haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
2) Results showed no significant differences in rates of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, non-relapse mortality, overall survival, or progression-free survival between the two stem cell sources.
3) Peripheral blood stem cells were associated with similar hematologic recovery times but were easier to collect and transplant compared to bone marrow.
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) involves collecting stem cells from a patient's bloodstream and later infusing them back into the patient after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. PBSCT has replaced bone marrow as the most common stem cell transplantation procedure. Stem cells are collected from the bloodstream using growth factors alone or with chemotherapy, and the minimum number needed for a safe transplant is 2 million CD34+ cells per kilogram of body weight. PBSCT results in faster recovery time compared to bone marrow transplants due to higher numbers of stem cells and T cells collected.
This document provides an overview of apheresis, including:
- The components of blood and methods of separating them through centrifugation or filtration.
- Definitions of plasmapheresis, cytapheresis, and indications for apheresis procedures.
- Considerations for dosing of plasmapheresis/exchange and anticoagulation with citrate.
- Potential complications of apheresis like hypocalcemia and how to treat it, as well as disease states that may benefit from procedures like Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis.
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilisation and ApheresisEBMT
The document provides an overview of autologous stem cell transplantation, including scientific background on blood cell formation and the bone marrow microenvironment. It describes the stem cell transplant process, including stem cell mobilization using agents like filgrastim and plerixafor, stem cell collection via apheresis, and patient evaluation and preparation for the collection procedure. The goal of the process is to collect enough CD34+ stem cells from the patient's peripheral blood to later be reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation to rescue the patient's bone marrow.
Clinical Applications Of Therapeutic ApheresisRHMBONCO
This document discusses therapeutic apheresis, which involves separating blood components using centrifugation. It describes how plasma exchange is used to selectively remove plasma constituents like immunoglobulins, proteins, and metabolic waste from the blood to treat various conditions. Conditions treated include autoimmune diseases, renal diseases, hematologic diseases, and neurological disorders. The document outlines the ASFA guidelines for therapeutic apheresis indications and categories, procedures like plasma exchange and photopheresis, and considerations for evaluating new patients and managing risks.
Apheresis is a technique where whole blood is collected from a donor or patient and separated into its components. The desired component is retained while the rest are returned. It is commonly used to collect platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma through centrifugation or membrane filtration methods. Therapeutic apheresis uses this technique to remove pathogenic substances from the blood to treat various conditions like thrombocythemia or autoimmune diseases. Procedural elements include venous access, anticoagulation, replacement fluids, and monitoring for complications.
Therapeutic apheresis involves separating blood components outside the body to remove substances causing disease symptoms. There are two main types: donor apheresis produces blood components, while therapeutic apheresis treats diseases by removing toxins, antibodies, lipids, etc. from the blood. Therapeutic plasma exchange is commonly used to treat various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions by removing pathogenic substances from plasma. Guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on appropriate uses of therapeutic apheresis. Conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and myasthenia gravis often respond well to therapeutic apheresis.
The document discusses genetic principles such as dominant and recessive traits. It also discusses genetic disorders like single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities. The document covers topics like genetic counseling, karyotypes, cloning, stem cell research, and the ethical issues around harvesting stem cells from embryos. Overall, the authors are against harvesting stem cells because it requires destroying human embryos.
This document discusses organ cloning and its arguments. It begins with an overview of organ cloning and the goals of cloning organs to address the organ shortage crisis. It then examines several arguments for and against organ cloning. Pro arguments include addressing the organ shortage and avoiding transplant complications and rejection. Con arguments discuss the unknown health effects of cloned organs, risks to women whose eggs are used, and concerns that organ cloning could lead to human cloning. The document concludes that organ cloning is currently unethical and dangerous.
This document discusses organ cloning and the potential benefits it could provide for patients waiting for organ transplants. It also discusses the human genome project and its goals of mapping all human genes. Additionally, it covers genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis and Down syndrome, how karyotypes are used to predict disorders, and how genetic counseling can help parents understand potential genetic risks for their children. While some people have ethical concerns about organ cloning, the author argues it could save lives by providing organs faster than traditional donation and may help patients with conditions like diabetes avoid daily medical treatments.
This document discusses organ cloning and genetic disorders. It begins with basic principles of genetics such as dominant and recessive alleles. It then discusses the human genome project and its goals. There are three types of genetic disorders: single gene disorders, multi-factorial disorders, and chromosome abnormalities. Ways to avoid genetic disorders include genetic counseling. The document presents four arguments for and against organ cloning and concludes that the benefits of organ cloning outweigh the concerns.
Lukas P, Organ Cloning, period 3, 11 slides (first slide blank) - Please disregard my previous upload. I uploaded wrong version. The correct version is called Organ Cloning Project Revised.
1) Stem cell research offers potential medical benefits like curing diseases, testing new drugs safely, and lowering healthcare costs. However, there are also risks like tumors forming or money being wasted if stem cells don't work.
2) Some religious groups oppose embryonic stem cell research because it involves destroying embryos. Others argue that scientists should not tamper with human life.
3) The government should fund research to help people, but also regulate it to prevent misuse like developing biological weapons. Careful research is needed to minimize risks while pursuing medical advances.
The document discusses several topics related to genetics including:
- Basic principles of heredity involving dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles.
- The goals of the Human Genome Project including mapping genes, storing DNA data, and developing analysis tools.
- Types of genetic disorders like single gene, chromosome abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders.
- Scientific advancements in cloning extinct species like mammoths and debates around human cloning and genetic engineering.
This document discusses several topics related to genetics and cloning. It defines different types of genetic inheritance including dominant/recessive alleles and co-dominant alleles. It then discusses the human genome project, genetic disorders like single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities, and recent advancements in organ cloning including creating a urethra and reducing rejection risks. It argues the benefits of organ cloning and concludes by discussing the potential for engineering replacement organs.
This document discusses several topics related to genetics and cloning. It defines different types of genetic inheritance including dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles. It also describes genetic disorders such as single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders. Additionally, it discusses recent scientific advancements in organ cloning and regeneration at the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
The document discusses several topics related to genetics including heredity, genetic disorders, stem cell research, and arguments for and against stem cell research. It explains that traits are controlled by dominant, recessive, or co-dominant alleles and are inherited from parents. The Human Genome Project sought to map all human genes. Genetic disorders can be single gene, chromosomal, or multifactorial. Stem cell research offers potential cures but also raises ethical issues. Both proponents and opponents of stem cell research are discussed.
Human cloning are_you_for_it_or_against_it_somsscience7
The document discusses human cloning and presents arguments both for and against it. It provides background on genetics and genetic disorders. It then outlines four arguments that are made in favor of human cloning for research purposes and to clone organs for transplants, but also notes the risks and ethical issues with human cloning. In the conclusion, the author expresses being against federal funding for human cloning.
Organ cloning involves using stem cells to grow replacement organs that are genetically identical to a patient's own organs, avoiding rejection issues. While this technique could save many lives, it also raises ethical concerns about genetic enhancement and questions around who owns genetic information. The document discusses both the arguments for and against organ cloning, as well as the potential it has to treat diseases but also the need for laws around privacy and use of genetic data.
The document discusses the pros and cons of designer babies. It provides background on genetics and genetic disorders. While designer babies could reduce genetic disorders, they may negatively impact biodiversity and take choices away from children. The document concludes that preventing disease is acceptable but choosing physical traits goes too far and places too much emphasis on appearance over character.
The document discusses the topics of genetics, the human genome project, genetic disorders, arguments for and against designer babies, and a conclusion. It provides information on how traits are inherited and controlled based on dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles. It outlines the goals and implications of the human genome project, including changes to laws like GINA. It also defines different types of genetic disorders and how genetic counseling can help predict outcomes for future children. Arguments both for and against designer babies are presented considering ethics, costs, and impact on the child's choices. The conclusion is personally against designer babies except to prevent disease.
The document discusses the topics of designer babies, genetics, genetic disorders, arguments for and against designer babies, and the conclusion that designer babies changing physical characteristics goes too far and raises ethical issues. It provides information on genetics principles, the human genome project, genetic counseling, karyotypes, and cites sources for additional information.
The document discusses genetic principles such as dominant and recessive traits as well as heredity. It then covers topics like the Human Genome Project, genetic disorders, genetic counseling, karyotypes, cloning, issues around harvesting stem cells from embryos, and ethical considerations of genome research.
The document discusses genetics, genetic disorders, and stem cell research. It defines dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles and how they control traits. It also defines single-gene, multifactorial, and chromosomal genetic disorders. It discusses the pros and cons of fetal stem cell research, with pros being stem cells' potential and cons being the ethical issues around using embryonic stem cells.
This document discusses human cloning and provides information on several related topics. It begins with basic principles of genetics, including dominant and recessive alleles. It then discusses the Human Genome Project and its goals. Next, it defines different types of genetic disorders. It provides pros and cons of human cloning, discussing the potential benefits like bringing people back to life as well as risks like defects. While cloning is challenging and dangerous, the conclusion supports funding cloning research for medical and other purposes.
The document discusses several arguments in favor of genetic engineering, stem cell therapy, and organ cloning to treat genetic diseases and disorders. It notes that gene therapy could potentially cure genetic disorders by replacing defective genes, and cites examples where gene therapy has helped monkeys regain color vision. The document also discusses how stem cell therapy may help regenerate body parts and eliminate the need for medical testing on animals. Organ cloning is presented as a way to provide transplant organs that are less likely to be rejected. However, the document also notes one argument against genetic engineering, which is that altering nature may have unintended and potentially unsafe consequences.
Organ cloning could help people who need organ transplants by providing a genetic match without rejection risks. However, cloning technology is still inefficient and unsafe - most cloning attempts fail and clones often develop health problems. While organ cloning could reduce the need for donors, more research is needed to address the low success rates and health risks before considering cloning human organs.
This document discusses cloning extinct species by taking DNA samples and transferring them to closely related living species. It provides two key arguments for cloning extinct animals. The first is that cloning could help prevent endangered species from going extinct by enabling reproduction. The second is that cloning extinct animals would allow scientists to directly study and observe what these ancient species looked like and how they behaved. Cloning could potentially lead to reintroducing certain cloned species to the wild if their populations grow and show good behavior.
The document discusses cloning extinct animals and provides arguments for and against the practice. It argues that cloning extinct species could allow scientists to study how they became extinct, help preserve biodiversity, and potentially use extinct animals for food or scientific research if de-extinction is done carefully and the animals' habitats are protected. However, others worry that attempts to reverse extinction could disrupt nature and encourage the view that species loss is not permanent. The conclusion is that while some limited de-extinction may be acceptable, efforts are needed to primarily preserve existing biodiversity through sustainable practices.
The document discusses cloning extinct animals and provides arguments for and against the practice. It argues that cloning extinct species could allow scientists to study how they became extinct, help preserve biodiversity, and potentially use extinct animals for food or scientific research if brought back in a controlled manner. However, others may argue this could disrupt natural ecosystems and set a precedent that species losses are reversible. The conclusion is that while some limited human impacts on nature are acceptable, species extinction should generally be avoided by sustainably managing habitats and populations.
The document discusses cloning extinct animals and provides arguments for and against the practice. It argues that cloning extinct species could allow scientists to study how they became extinct, help preserve biodiversity, and potentially use extinct animals for food or scientific research if de-extinction is done carefully and the animals' habitats are protected. However, others worry that attempts to reverse extinction could disrupt nature and encourage the view that species loss is not permanent. The conclusion is that while some limited de-extinction may be acceptable, efforts are needed to primarily preserve existing biodiversity and ecosystems.
The document discusses several topics related to genetics and genetic engineering:
- Genetic traits are determined by alleles, with recessive alleles only showing if the dominant allele is not present, and co-dominant alleles being expressed together.
- Geneticists use Punnett squares to determine the probability of genetic outcomes from crosses.
- The Human Genome Project mapped the human genome between 1990-2003 to identify genes and understand hereditary disease.
- Genetic engineering can be used to enhance crop yields, nutritional value, and impart desirable traits to organisms. It may also help find cures for genetic diseases.
The document discusses designer babies and genetic engineering. It provides arguments for and against designer babies. It discusses how genetic engineering could be used to select traits for babies, prevent genetic diseases, and save lives through designing compatible organ donors. However, it notes that genetic engineering raises ethical issues and is an expensive procedure. The conclusion supports government funding for designer babies to save thousands of lives through genetic engineering techniques.
The document discusses designer babies and genetic engineering. It provides arguments for and against designer babies. It discusses how genetic engineering could be used to select traits for babies, prevent genetic diseases, and save lives through designing compatible organ donors. However, it notes that genetic engineering raises ethical issues and is an expensive procedure. The conclusion supports government funding for designer babies to save thousands of lives through genetic engineering techniques.
The document discusses several topics related to genetics:
1. It describes basic genetic principles such as dominance, co-dominance, and how offspring inherit chromosomes from parents.
2. It provides an overview of the Human Genome Project which aimed to sequence the entire human genome over 23 years.
3. It discusses several genetic disorders including hemophilia, nondisjunction, and Down syndrome. It notes many common diseases have complex genetic and environmental factors.
The document discusses several topics related to genetics:
1. It describes basic genetic principles such as dominance, co-dominance, and how offspring inherit chromosomes from parents.
2. It provides an overview of the Human Genome Project which aimed to sequence the entire human genome over 23 years.
3. It discusses several genetic disorders including hemophilia, nondisjunction, and Down syndrome. It notes many common diseases have complex genetic and environmental factors.
The document discusses basic principles of genetics including dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles and how they are expressed in offspring. It provides an overview of the goals of the Human Genome Project including identifying all human genes, determining DNA sequences, making the data publicly available, and addressing ethical issues. Genetic disorders and arguments for and against cloning endangered species are also mentioned.
Tis endangered and or extinct species cloningMorganScience
The document discusses the goals, ethical considerations, and laws surrounding the Human Genome Project. The project aimed to map the human genome between 1990-2003. It sought to identify all human genes, determine DNA sequences, and address related ethical, legal and social issues. Some implications included concerns about privacy of genetic information and potential discrimination. Laws like GINA were passed to protect privacy of genetic data.
The document discusses several methods that scientists are exploring to address the shortage of organs available for transplant, including cloning pig organs and 3D bioprinting of organs. It also provides background on the Human Genome Project and genetic disorders. While cloning pig organs could help reduce transplant waitlists, it may not eliminate organ rejection issues. 3D bioprinting aims to print organs using a person's own cells to prevent rejection, but the technology has not yet been perfected. The Human Genome Project mapped the human genome to further medical research and treatment of genetic diseases.
This document discusses several key genetics concepts including dominant and recessive alleles, Punnett squares, pedigree charts, single gene disorders, chromosome disorders, and multifactoral disorders. It also covers topics like the Human Genome Project, genetic counseling, cloning, biotechnology foods, and how biotech foods could help address issues like world hunger and malnutrition.
This document discusses cloning endangered and extinct animal species. It provides background on cloning, including the history of cloning important animals like Dolly the sheep. The document outlines some of the pros of cloning endangered species, such as preserving their unique genetic code and boosting wild populations. However, it also notes some cons, such as low cloning success rates, health issues in clones, and reducing genetic diversity. The overall goal of cloning endangered species is to help preserve them and further scientific understanding.
The document discusses several arguments for and against human organ cloning. It provides background on genetics and genetic disorders. It then outlines four key arguments: 1) Cloning organs could save lives by providing transplants. 2) Embryonic stem cell research from cloned embryos could lead to cures. 3) While initially alarming, human cloning may have benefits like helping infertility. 4) However, some argue human cloning plays God and is immoral according to the Bible. The document includes related pictures, a chart on opinions of organ cloning, and citations.
1. The document discusses organ cloning and its potential benefits, such as eliminating donor rejection and allowing people to clone organs if their own fail.
2. It also discusses genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and Down syndrome, as well as the Human Genome Project and genetic counseling.
3. While some arguments support organ cloning to save lives, others note ethical concerns with human cloning due to religious beliefs that no two humans can be alike.
This document discusses different types of allele inheritance including dominant, recessive, and codominant alleles. A dominant allele always shows up when present while a recessive allele is masked. With codominance, neither allele is dominant or recessive and both show up when present.
The document discusses organ cloning and presents arguments both for and against it. It notes that organ cloning could help reduce waitlists by allowing people to clone their own organs, but it also faces challenges like low success rates, risks of tumors or viruses, and ethical concerns. While organ cloning may help patients in need, more research is still needed to address disadvantages and ensure safety.
Human cloning raises several ethical concerns. If the first human clones were created, it would likely result in many failed pregnancies and births of infants with deformities. Additionally, human cloning challenges traditional understandings of reproduction and parenting. While the technology exists to clone humans, the process is still inefficient and dangerous, with most cloning attempts failing and cloned animals often living in poor health or dying early. For these reasons, many argue that human cloning should not be pursued at this time.
The document discusses organ cloning and presents arguments both for and against it. It notes that organ cloning could help reduce waitlists by allowing people to clone their own organs, but it also carries risks like low success rates, potential tumors, and harming other species. While organ cloning may help patients in need, more research is still needed to address its disadvantages. In conclusion, organ cloning could provide benefits if developed safely, but may also cause unintended harm that requires further study.
2. Basic Principles of Genetics How are traits controlled by dominant and alleles? A trait can be controlled by a recessive allele only if the organism does not have the dominant allele. How are traits controlled with co-dominant alleles? In co-dominant alleles, the alleles are neither dominant or recessive. Explain how the alleles of two parents combine to express traits in offspring? Genetics use Punnet squares to show all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross and to determine the probability of a particular outcome.
3. Human Genome Project When did the project start and how did scientists hope to use this information ( what were the goals in the beginning)? The Human Genome Project started in 1990. Completed in 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13- year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Welcome Trust (U.K) became a major partner; additional contributions came from Japan, France, Germany, China, and others. Project goals were to: -identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, -determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, - store this information in databases, -improve tools for data analysis, -transfer related technologies to the private sector, and -address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. What are the implications of the Human Genome Project in regards to Ethical, legal, and Social implications: -Ethical implications was your opinion and reproductive issues. -Social implications was fairness in the use of genetic information, privacy, and confidentiality Psychological impact and stigmatization ect. GINA protects Americans from discrimination based on information from genetic test. It forbids insurance companies from discriminating through reduced coverage or pricing.
4. Continuing from Human Genome Project What are the implications of the Human Genome Project in regards to Ethical, legal, and Social implications: -Ethical implications was your opinion and reproductive issues. -Social implications was fairness in the use of genetic information, privacy, and confidentiality Psychological impact and stigmatization ect. GINA protects Americans from discrimination based on information from genetic test. It forbids insurance companies from discriminating through reduced coverage or pricing. What are the implications of the Human Genome Project in regards to Ethical, legal, and Social implications: -Ethical implications was your opinion and reproductive issues. -Social implications was fairness in the use of genetic information, privacy, and confidentiality Psychological impact and stigmatization ect. GINA protects Americans from discrimination based on information from genetic test. It forbids insurance companies from discriminating through reduced coverage or pricing. -transfer related technologies to the private sector, and -address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.
5. Genetic Disorder Compare and contrast the three different types of genetic disorders: 1.) Single Gene Disorder -Any genetic disorder caused by a change affecting only one gene. There are thousands of single-gene diseases including achondroplasia, Cystic fibrosis, Hemophilia, Huntington disease, Muscular dystrophy, and sickle cell disease. 2.) Chromosome abnormalities : Down Syndrome is a chromosal disorder that results in the presence of an additional third chromosome 21. about 1 in 150 babies in the United States is born with a chromosal abnonormilty (2). These abnormalities are caused by errors in the number or structure of chromosomes. Many children with a chromosal abnormality have mental and/ or physical birth defects. Some chromosomal abnormalities result in miscarriage or still birth. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 in all. We inherit one chromosome per pair from our mother and one from our father. Sometimes something goes wrong before fertilization. An egg or sperm cell may divide in correctly, resulting in a egg or sperm with too many or two few chromosomes, when this cell with the wrong number of chromosomes joins with a normal egg or sperm the resulting embryo has a chromosomal abnormality. A common type of chromosal abnormality is called trisomy. This means that an individual has three copies of a specific chromosome, instead of 2. for example, individuals with down syndrome generally have three copies of chromosome 21.
6. Continuing from Genetic Diorders 3.) Multifactioral Disorders : researchers are learning that nearly all conditions and diseases have a genetic component. Some disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and Cystic Fibrosis, are caused by a mutation in a single gene. The causes of many other disorders however, are much more complex. Common medical problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity do not have a single genetic cause- they are likely associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors- conditions caused by many contributing factors are called complex or multifactorial disorders. How can genetic counseling help perspective parents who have a genetic disorder regarding future children? How are karyotes used to predict genetic disorders? Genetic counseling help perspective parents who have a genetic disorder regarding future children by identifying families at risk, investigate the problems present in the family, interpret information about the disorder, analyze inheritance patterns and risks of recurrence, and review available genetic testing options with the family. Karyotpes are use to predict genetic disorder by evaluating the structure of the DNA for errors.
7. Argument 1: One of the pro of Embryonic Stem Cell Research is that scientists are learning how we are made up or formed and they are trying to reverse problems in this stage such as cancer and birth defects. Another pro is scientists believe they can learn how to develop organs such as the heart or lungs. If they could do this, the organs they developed could be used to test new drugs on, to find out which one were safe and which ones were not. Also every day there are thousands of people on the organ donor list and very few organs. If scientists were able to engineer organs then everyone who needs one could get it.
8. Argument 2 Another pro is that scientists are learning how to grow tissues to use for medical research. If they keep studying and progressing as they are they will possibly be able to cure illnesses such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s diseases spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
9. Argument 3 The debate at the Heart of the issue is when does the human life begin. Opponents of the research on Embryonic Stem Cell believe embryos are human beings with the same rights that we have, and with the same rights that we have, and destroying those embryos is destroying human life. Supporters of Embryonic Stem Cell Research says that a week old blastocysts (embryos) are not human beings and that destroying those embryos does not constitute killing. The Catholic Church put out a booklet on Stem Cell Research. “ No commitment to a hoped- for greater good can erase or diminish the wrong of directly taking innocent human lives here and now.” “ In fact, policies undermining our respect for human life can only endanger the vulnerable patients that Stem-Cell research offers to help. The same ethic that justifies taking some lives to help the patient with heredity Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s disease today can be used to sacrifice that very patient tomorrow.”
10. Argument 4 Now I would like to show some of the reason people are against Stem Cell Research. If we are able to reverse problems such as birth defects we are now playing God. If we start to fix something that is caused by nature, where do we stop. Who decides when the fixing has gone to far. If scientists are able to cure diseases when does a person die a natural death. People could live longer, we would need more food, more space. One of the options for Embryonic Stem Cell Research is to use aborted pregnancies or InVetro Fertilization embryos because they are going to be discarded anyway. Some argue if an adult does not give consent to be an organ donor, states do not presume the right to use that person’s organs for transplantation, even if the person is dead. The state would not instruct researchers in how to kill him by harvesting his organs while he is still alive. So in this case the developing human embryos cannot give consent to be sacrificed so the state should not promote that sacrifice either.
11. Conclusion In conclusion while I think that the possibilities of curing certain diseases is a good thing by using Embryonic Stem Cells it is also a bad thing to destroy human embryos to do this. I feel more research is needed in Adult Stem Cells because while scientist initially thought that using Adult Stem Cells wasn’t as good as Embryonic Stem Cells. Some scientists believe they could be. Also, they should use umbilical cords Stem Cells because they are not destroying human life.