A Rapid Introduction to Rapid Software TestingTechWell
This document provides a summary of a presentation on Rapid Software Testing. The presentation was given by Michael Bolton of DevelopSense and covered the methodology and mindset of rapid software testing. It emphasizes testing software expertly under uncertainty and time pressure. The presentation defines rapid testing as testing more quickly and less expensively while still achieving excellent results. It compares rapid testing to other approaches like exhaustive, ponderous, and slapdash testing. The presentation also discusses principles of rapid testing, how to recognize problems quickly using heuristics, and testing rapidly to fulfill the mission of testing.
Test reporting is something few testers take time to practice. Nevertheless, it's a fundamental skill—vital for your professional credibility and your own self management. Many people think management judges testing by bugs found or test cases executed. Actually, testing is judged by the story it tells. If your story sounds good, you win. A test report is the story of your testing. It begins as the story we tell ourselves, each moment we are testing, about what we are doing and why. We use the test story within our own minds, to guide our work. James Bach explores the skill of test reporting and examines some of the many different forms a test report might take. As in other areas of testing, context drives good reporting. Sometimes we make an oral report; occasionally we need to write it down. Join James for an in-depth look at the art of the reporting.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Rapid Software Testing course. It acknowledges those who contributed to developing the course material. The document outlines some assumptions about the audience for the course, including that attendees test software and want to improve their testing process. It presents the primary goal of the course as teaching how to test under uncertainty and with scrutiny. Key themes of Rapid Testing are also summarized, including putting the tester's mind at the center and considering cost versus value in testing activities.
Ho Chi Minh City Software Testing Conference January 2015
Software Testing in the Agile World
Website: www.hcmc-stc.org
Author: Nhat Do, Vu Duong
Context-Driven Testing (CDT) rejects the notion of generalized “best practices” that apply to all projects, and instead accepts that different practices work best under different circumstances. The third principle of the seven defined in CDT states that people are the most important part of any project’s context. Less of a focus on processes and tools, with more emphasis on people and their collaboration empowers testers with the freedom to make choices about how best to do their job without following a restrictive plan.
In joining the game of workshop and some theory sharing in slides, you will a better understanding of Context-Driven Testing practices, principles and its benefits as well as know how is a nice Marriage of Agile and Context-Driven Testing.
This talk suggests how we might make sense of the tools landscape of the near future, where the pressure to modernise processes and automate is greatest, and what a new test process supported by tools might look like.
Takeaways:
- We need to take machine learning in testing seriously, but it won’t be taking our jobs just yet
- We don’t need more test automation tools; today we need tools that capture tester knowledge
- Tools that that learn and think can’t work for testers until we solve the knowledge capture challenge.
View On-Demand Webinar: https://youtu.be/EzyUdJFuzlE
You want to integrate skilled testing and development work. But how do you accomplish this without developers accidentally subverting the testing process or testers becoming an obstruction? Efficient, deep testing requires “critical distance” from the development process, commitment and planning to build a testable product, dedication to uncovering the truth, responsiveness among team members, and often a skill set that developers alone—or testers alone—do not ordinarily possess. James Bach presents a model—a redesign of the famous Agile Testing Quadrants that distinguished between business vs. technical facing tests and supporting vs. critiquing―that frames these dynamics and helps teams think through the nature of development and testing roles and how they might blend, conflict, or support each other on an Agile project. James includes a brief discussion of the original Agile Testing Quadrants model, which the presenters believe has created much confusion about the role of testing in Agile.
This presentation outlines principles and thoughts that guide me in my pursuit of creating high quality complex software
I will also try to give concrete examples at the end of the presentation of what this looks like in practice
About Joseph Ours' Presentation – “Bad Metric – Bad!”
Metrics have always been used in corporate sectors, primarily as a way to gain insight into what is an otherwise invisible world. Organizations blindly adopt a set of metrics as a way of satisfying some process transparency requirement, rarely applying any statistical or scientific thought behind the measures and metrics they establish and interpret. Many metrics do not represent what people believe they do and as a result can lead to erroneous decisions. Joseph looks at some of the common and some of the humorous testing metrics and determines why they are failures. He further discusses the real purpose of metrics, metrics programs and finishes with pitfalls into which you fall.
Test Strategy-The real silver bullet in testing by Matthew EakinQA or the Highway
This document provides an overview of creating a testing strategy. It begins with explaining why a testing strategy is important, as testing accounts for a large portion of IT budgets. It then discusses the key questions a testing strategy should answer: what to test, where to test, when to test, how to test, and who will test.
The document outlines a process for creating a testing strategy, including assessing the current state, defining a future vision, and creating a roadmap to get from the current to future state. It provides examples of what to include under each section of the strategy, such as system architecture under "what to test" and test environments under "where to test". Overall, the document provides guidance on developing a
Context-driven testing is a software testing methodology that focuses on tailoring testing objectives, techniques, and documentation to the specific context of each project situation. The context includes factors like the people involved, goals, resources, and timelines. The key principles of context-driven testing are that practices depend on context, there are no universally best practices, collaboration is important, projects evolve unpredictably, products must solve problems, testing is challenging intellectual work, and effective testing requires judgment tailored to each context. Context-driven testing contrasts with approaches that focus first on standardized practices or documentation over project-specific needs.
Michael Bolton - Heuristics: Solving Problems RapidlyTEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2008 presentation on Heuristics: Solving Problems Rapidly by Michael Bolton. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
Prezentacja z ósmego spotkania z cyklu Quality Meetup.
Autor: Michał Stryjak (QA Manager, PiLab SA)
Przez wiele lat ludzie starali się wskazać niezawodne podejście do testowania. Nasz Gość uczestniczył w wielu dyskusjach dotyczących wyższości jednej metody nad drugą, które zwykle sprowadzały się do poszukiwania odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy jakaś konkretna praktyka zmieni świat testów na zawsze.
Już wiele lat temu Cem Kaner zauważył, że najlepsze praktyki głoszone przez jego kolegów wykładowców nie zawsze sprawdzają się dobrze w rzeczywistości. Często obserwował jak procesy i narzędzia stosowane z powodzeniem, np. w startupach, nie sprawdzają się w bankach lub branży medycznej (i vice versa). Z biegiem lat Cem doszedł do wniosku, że coraz więcej osób ma podobne spostrzeżenia dotyczące najlepszych praktyk. Ludzie podzielający jego poglądy (najbardziej znani to James Bach i Bret Pettichord) twierdzą, że aby móc testować dobrze, najpierw trzeba uwzględnić i przeanalizować kontekst. Ich idee znalazły odwzorowanie w siedmiu zasadach, które dzisiaj stanowią podstawę podejścia Context-Driven Testing (CDT). Na spotkaniu Michał opowie nam o podstawach CDT oraz podzieli się pomysłami, jak można wdrażać wspomniane siedem zasad w życie.
Gustav Olsson - Agile - Common Sense with a New Name Tag revisedTEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2009 presentation on Agile - Common Sense with a New Name Tag revised by Gustav Olsson. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
Rikard Edgren - Testing is an Island - A Software Testing DystopiaTEST Huddle
This document summarizes trends in software testing that could diminish its effectiveness and enjoyment. It notes an increasing focus on verification over validation, precise measurement over subjective judgement, and short-term metrics over long-term quality. This narrowing scope risks making testers isolated and limiting their creativity, motivation and ability to consider the full context of a project. The document advocates a holistic and subjective approach that considers people and intangible factors, not just short-term quantifiable results. Subjectivity and considering the whole system, not just parts, are presented as useful for testing.
The document discusses context driven testing, which focuses on 7 principles: 1) the value of practices depends on context, 2) there are good practices in context but no best practices, 3) people are most important, 4) projects change unpredictably, 5) products must solve problems, 6) testing is challenging, and 7) judgment is needed. It provides examples of the principles in action like dangerous metrics and passed tests not ensuring problems won't occur. Context driven testing values individuals and interactions over processes, working software over documentation, and responding to change over plans. It believes in documentation and automation but communication and tools, respectively, are more important.
This document provides an overview of a training on test automation. It outlines a 4 stage approach to test automation:
1) Stage 1 involves writing basic scripts to test a site without using page objects or a testing framework.
2) Stage 2 introduces Cucumber for writing tests in a plain English format without code.
3) Stage 3 focuses on writing specifications that can be used across multiple platforms and applications.
4) Stage 4 covers implementing page objects to hide browser interactions and provide a more intuitive task-based testing interface.
The training covers each stage through demonstrations and exercises with the goal of helping attendees better understand common mistakes and approaches to test automation.
Reduce Development Cost with Test Driven Developmentsthicks14
A collaboration between NetServ Applications and Celtic Testing Experts on Test Driven Development and Design. This presentation demonstrates how an organization can reduce development cost by implementing TDD.
Test as it stands in many organisations is increasingly unfit for purpose. It is often seen as a cost centre not a value add service. Why? Because having separate Test groups leads to the abdication of quality responsibility by everyone else in the lifecycle. With changes in processes, increase maturity and availability of tools to optimise delivery Test is in danger of becoming obsolete. And so it should! Test is dying but we need more testing than ever before.
Rik Teuben - Many Can Quarrel, Fewer Can Argue TEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2009 presentation on Many Can Quarrel, Fewer Can Argue by Rik Teuben. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
PROFES 2018, Wolfsburg: Talk by Tilman Seifert (Principal IT Consultant at QAware)
=== Please download slides if blurred! ===
Abstract: Processes cannot just be judged as ``good'' or ``efficient''---they must be appropriate for the type of project. As the type of a project changes over time,
the processes must adjust in order to stay efficient and appropriate.
We accompanied the transformation of a large and fast-growing project, using agile development methods and cloud-native technologies, from the very first steps of a prototype to the development of a customer-ready product.
This experience report shows patterns we found on the way.
It argues that systematic process evolution can be done without documentation overhead or relying on questionable process KPIs.
We only used information which is available anyway; this includes our archive of sprint retro boards which allows to create a clear picture of the project's evolution, regarding both the process and the product quality.
Do we really need game testers in development teams? What is it that defines the core competence of a tester, and does this competence add any value to the development team?
Approaches to unraveling a complex test problemJohan Hoberg
When testing a complex system you are often faced with complex test problems. Cause and effect cannot be deduced in advance, only in retrospect.
According to the Cynefin framework, the general approach to tackle complexity is probe-sense-respond. Try something, analyze the outcome, and based on that outcome, try something else. This is the basis of all my approaches to begin unraveling complex test problems. But how do I select my test scope for a specific complex test problem?
Software quality refers to how well a software product or service meets requirements and expectations. It is subjective as it depends on the perspective of the customer. Common aspects of quality include the software being bug-free, delivered on time and on budget, meeting requirements, and being maintainable. True software quality can only be determined by measuring how well the software serves its intended purpose from the viewpoint of all stakeholders.
Blackboxtesting 02 An Example Test Seriesnazeer pasha
1. The document describes an example test series for a simple program that adds two numbers entered by the user.
2. It outlines the initial testing process, including performing simple tests, exploring all parts of the program, looking for more challenging tests, and focusing on boundary conditions.
3. The document discusses techniques for test design such as brainstorming test cases, equivalence partitioning, and boundary value analysis to identify important tests without testing all possible combinations.
The document discusses challenges with testing software without requirements documentation and provides some strategies to help with testing in such situations. It notes that QA teams may have to test without knowing what the application is supposed to do. It then suggests several paths that testing teams can take when faced with limited or missing documentation, such as UI teams creating screenshots and development teams creating technical design documents. The document also advocates for daily standup meetings between teams to help coordinate testing efforts in lieu of documentation.
Software Quality Assurance involves planned actions to provide confidence that software products and processes meet requirements. It includes various testing activities at both the unit and system level. While testing cannot ensure perfect quality, it provides information to improve the software. There are several factors to consider when prioritizing which defects to address, as it is typically not feasible to fix all defects. Testers should provide severity data to help inform prioritization decisions made by other stakeholders.
This publication is to help software engineering students to understand the basis in software testing. Software testing is an inevitable process in software development.
Black-box testing is a software testing strategy that evaluates the functionality of a system without knowledge of its internal structure or implementation. It views the system as a "black box" and tests the system based on its requirements and expected outputs for various inputs. The presentation discusses how black-box testing fits into the broader framework of software testing theory and strategies. It also outlines how black-box testing can help testers find bugs by aggressively testing to break the system without knowledge of its internal logic. The goal of testing is to find as many bugs as possible before product release to improve quality.
Continuous Performance Testing: Myths and RealitiesAlexander Podelko
The document discusses continuous performance testing in the context of agile development. It notes that while continuous performance testing is becoming more common, it remains a challenge to fully integrate into continuous integration processes. Different approaches like record and playback automation, API scripting, and exploratory testing each have advantages and disadvantages depending on the system and development context. Fully automating all performance tests may not be realistic, so a tiered approach with some simple automated tests alongside more extensive manual testing is often needed. The key is finding the right balance and mix of approaches for each unique situation.
The document discusses exploratory testing in an agile context. It describes exploratory testing as simultaneously learning about a system while designing and executing tests, using feedback from the last test to inform the next. It also discusses that agile teams do both checking of requirements through automated tests as well as exploring to discover unintended consequences. Finally, it provides an example charter for exploratory testing of editing user profiles on a system.
The document discusses expert systems and their components. It describes the three main components of most expert systems: the knowledge base, inference engine, and user interface. The knowledge base contains facts and rules. The inference engine applies rules to solve problems. The user interface allows communication between the user and system. It also discusses the stages of developing expert systems, including identifying the problem, conceptualizing the problem, formalizing it, implementing a prototype, and testing the system. Finally, it lists features of a good expert system such as being useful, usable, and able to explain its advice.
Testing and Mocking Object - The Art of Mocking.Deepak Singhvi
The document provides an overview of mocking objects for unit testing. It discusses the problems with testing, such as dependencies on external objects. Mocking objects allows creating test doubles that simulate real objects' behavior for testing in isolation. The document outlines best practices for mocking, such as mocking interfaces rather than concrete classes and verifying expectations. It provides examples of using EasyMock to define mock objects and expected behavior.
In this article, we will talk about test cases and test scenarios. We will see their definitions and try to understand the differences between the two. These two are a part of software testing.
Operations research employs a scientific methodology to solve problems involving complex systems. The methodology involves 5 phases: (1) defining the problem, (2) constructing a mathematical model of the system, (3) solving the model, (4) validating the model against real data, and (5) implementing the optimal solution found in the model in the real system. The overall process aims to apply scientific techniques to optimize some aspect of the system's operations.
The document provides information on software quality assurance and testing topics. It includes definitions of software quality assurance, differences between types of testing (static vs dynamic, client/server vs web applications), quality assurance activities, why testing cannot ensure quality, and more. FAQs cover topics such as prioritizing defects, establishing a QA process, and differences between QA and testing. The document is a collection of technical FAQs for software QA engineers and testers.
The document describes an ISTQB foundation level testing course. It discusses career paths in testing and ISTQB certifications, including the foundation, agile tester, and advanced levels. It outlines the intended audience and learning objectives of the foundation level course, which include using common testing terminology, understanding test processes and principles, designing and prioritizing tests, and executing and reporting on test results. The document then discusses the specific content and lessons that will be covered in the course.
Testing helps measure software quality by finding defects, running tests, and ensuring test coverage. It can evaluate both functional and non-functional requirements. Finding few defects through rigorous testing increases confidence in software quality, while poor testing may leave issues undiscovered. Root cause analysis seeks to understand the underlying reasons for failures by examining possible causes and grouping them. Understanding root causes of prior defects can help prevent issues and improve future quality.
Test design techniques involve identifying test conditions, designing test cases, and implementing test procedures. Test conditions are derived from analyzing the test basis, such as requirements or code, to determine what could be tested. Test cases are then designed to be specific, with exact inputs and expected outputs. Test procedures group and specify the steps to execute test cases. There are various categories of test design techniques, including static techniques, specification-based techniques, structure-based techniques, and experience-based techniques. The appropriate technique depends on the type of testing and artifacts being tested.
The document discusses various topics related to quality assurance testing for software, including debugging principles, testing strategies, test cases, usability testing, and user satisfaction tests. It provides details on different types of errors like syntax, runtime, and logic errors. It also describes unit testing, integration testing, validation testing, and system testing strategies. Guidelines are provided for developing test cases, test plans, and usability tests. The importance of continuous testing and measuring user satisfaction is emphasized.
In this article I outline why I believe it should not be mandatory for all code changes to go through QA before they are merged to a master branch and released.
Quality Information Coverage - A QI ConceptJohan Hoberg
Quality Information Coverage is a concept that refers to the degree to which an organization has collected all necessary quality information about a product to make informed decisions regarding quality. It is more comprehensive than individual metrics like code coverage or test coverage. An organization should evaluate whether it has sufficient Quality Information Coverage of all relevant areas of a product before making decisions like release. While a single percentage metric may be difficult, organizations should have conversations around what quality information is available for different areas of a product.
The Bug Backlog - An Evergrowing MountainJohan Hoberg
If you are part of a development team working on a game, and you are working in some kind of Agile way, you most likely have a bug backlog, or at least bugs as part of some kind of backlog. The bug backlog looks very different during different stages of the game development cycle - it starts out empty, and then as features and complexity is added, it grows. And in most cases it never stops growing.
One of the most important aspects of Quality Intelligence is transparency and visibility. Intelligence is worthless if it does not affect the decision-making process in some way. If the intelligence is not available to the people involved in the decision-making process, then it will have no effect.
This document discusses building a QA mindset in development teams through coaching. It emphasizes empowering teams, building trust, and using open-ended questions to facilitate discussion rather than providing direct solutions. The author advocates understanding quality risks and letting teams own problem-solving and solutions. An example shows how the author prepared for a meeting, listened to discussions, asked questions, and gave feedback without dictating outcomes. The goal is for teams to develop expertise in quality assurance through a coaching approach.
Quality Intelligence - what does the term stand for in theory and in practice? This is a follow up to my previous presentation about why I think QI should replace QA as the acronym of choice.
Testit 2017 - Exploratory Testing for EveryoneJohan Hoberg
The document discusses how a game development team at King.com replaced their scripted testing process with exploratory testing. Previously, the team relied on scripted regression tests and test cases for new features, which took a long time and no one enjoyed. They decided to try exploratory testing instead for one release. Everyone on the team participated in testing for one hour based on risk areas rather than running all test cases. They found the same number of major bugs but more minor bugs. Everyone took more ownership of quality. Testing was completed much faster. They no longer created unnecessary test artifacts for new features. The results were seen as very positive.
When dealing with complexity you have to be aware of that cause and effect can only be deduced in retrospect. With this in mind, success or failure, is not completely in our hands when we are developing complex products. What is in our hands is the commitment we show, the ownership we take, and the effort we put in. That is what we should celebrate.
Moving from scripted regression testing to exploratory testingJohan Hoberg
The Pet Rescue Saga team moved from scripted regression testing to exploratory testing before each release to improve test coverage and motivation. Previously, developers ran the same scripted tests in isolation with low motivation. Now, the entire production team spends one hour exploring test missions together, focusing on new risks. This gives everyone autonomy over testing and increases competence, cooperation, and understanding of the game. The results have been better coverage, quicker turnaround, and higher motivation for all.
In this article I will explore what I believe is a good foundation for building high quality software. I will cover a wide array of different topics which have in common that I believe they all contribute to this goal.
The document argues that the term "Quality Assurance" (QA) is a misnomer for testers' actual work, and should be replaced by "Quality Intelligence" (QI). QA implies that testers assure quality, but they actually provide information about quality through testing. This information role is analogous to Business Intelligence. The document proposes replacing QA with QI to better reflect that testers transform raw product data into useful quality information through techniques like testing.
This presentation outlines my views on why and how you should give feedback in a Scrum Team
Feedback is a critical tool in growing the self-organizing and genuine team
Testers fit into the Scrum framework based on their competence rather than their role. Someone with testing competence can help with code and architecture design, writing acceptance criteria, testability, and test automation. They can also coach other members of the scrum team and provide a tester's perspective during retrospectives. While everyone on the scrum team is responsible for testing, someone with strong testing competence can help handle more complex testing problems. Their unique skills and perspective help support the overall scrum team.
The document discusses organizing testing within the Scrum framework. It provides key messages: 1) everyone is a tester, 2) testing is infused into everything, not isolated, 3) some testing can be placed outside the Scrum team if multiple teams exist, and 4) complexity determines who performs different types of testing. It also discusses test ownership, automation, regression testing, and defines types of testing like isolated, contract, and integration testing. The overall message is that testing is integral to Scrum and should involve the whole team, while allowing for specialized testing roles.
How to structure testing within the Scrum FrameworkJohan Hoberg
Everyone on the Scrum team contributes to testing by writing acceptance criteria and testing software. Certain team members have stronger testing skills to find complex bugs. Testing is integrated into all activities from writing acceptance criteria to testing code during sprints. Some tests requiring specialized equipment or skills may be done outside the team. Automated tests are preferred but not required, and all testing should be exploratory to learn about the software.
The document discusses different types of testing and which types should be performed by a Scrum team versus outside of the team. It defines isolated, contract, integrated, and system tests that the Scrum team is responsible for. Additional testing like equipment-specific and competence-specific tests may be handled outside the team. The Scrum team tests components individually and together while other roles assist with things like full system testing requiring different skills.
Presentation about how to start performing exploratory testing as a developer. Very basic and simple, and very streamlined. Should be the start for a developer who has not tested before.
This presentation is a quick introduction to software testing and game testing. It should be used as a starting point, and links have been provided for further reading.
Profiling of Cafe Business in Talavera, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Development ...IJAEMSJORNAL
This study aimed to profile the coffee shops in Talavera, Nueva Ecija, to develop a standardized checklist for aspiring entrepreneurs. The researchers surveyed 10 coffee shop owners in the municipality of Talavera. Through surveys, the researchers delved into the Owner's Demographic, Business details, Financial Requirements, and other requirements needed to consider starting up a coffee shop. Furthermore, through accurate analysis, the data obtained from the coffee shop owners are arranged to derive key insights. By analyzing this data, the study identifies best practices associated with start-up coffee shops’ profitability in Talavera. These findings were translated into a standardized checklist outlining essential procedures including the lists of equipment needed, financial requirements, and the Traditional and Social Media Marketing techniques. This standardized checklist served as a valuable tool for aspiring and existing coffee shop owners in Talavera, streamlining operations, ensuring consistency, and contributing to business success.
FD FAN.pdf forced draft fan for boiler operation and run its very important f...MDHabiburRhaman1
FD fan or forced draft fan, draws air from the atmosphere and forces it into the furnace through a preheater. These fans are located at the inlet of the boiler to push high pressure fresh air into combustion chamber, where it mixes with the fuel to produce positive pressure. and A forced draft fan (FD fan) is a fan that is used to push air into a boiler or other combustion chamber. It is located at the inlet of the boiler and creates a positive pressure in the combustion chamber, which helps to ensure that the fuel burns properly.
The working principle of a forced draft fan is based on the Bernoulli principle, which states that the pressure of a fluid decreases as its velocity increases. The fan blades rotate and impart momentum to the air, which causes the air to accelerate. This acceleration of the air creates a lower pressure at the outlet of the fan, which draws air in from the inlet.
The amount of air that is pushed into the boiler by the FD fan is determined by the fan’s capacity and the pressure differential between the inlet and outlet of the fan. The fan’s capacity is the amount of air that it can move per unit of time, and the pressure differential is the difference in pressure between the inlet and outlet of the fan.
The FD fan is an essential component of any boiler system. It helps to ensure that the fuel burns properly and that the boiler operates efficiently.
Here are some of the benefits of using a forced draft fan:Improved combustion efficiency: The FD fan helps to ensure that the fuel burns completely, which results in improved combustion efficiency.
Reduced emissions: The FD fan helps to reduce emissions by ensuring that the fuel burns completely.
Increased boiler capacity: The FD fan can increase the capacity of the boiler by providing more air for combustion.
Improved safety: The FD fan helps to improve safety by preventing the buildup of flammable gases in the boiler.
Forced Draft Fan ( Full form of FD Fan) is a type of fan supplying pressurized air to a system. In the case of a Steam Boiler Assembly, this FD fan is of great importance. The Forced Draft Fan (FD Fan) plays a crucial role in supplying the necessary combustion air to the steam boiler assembly, ensuring efficient and optimal combustion processes. Its pressurized airflow promotes the complete and controlled burning of fuel, enhancing the overall performance of the system.What is the FD fan in a boiler?
In a boiler system, the FD fan, or Forced Draft Fan, plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient combustion and proper air circulation within the boiler. Its primary function is to supply the combustion air needed for the combustion process.
The FD fan works by drawing in ambient air and then forcing it into the combustion chamber, creating the necessary air-fuel mixture for the combustion process. This controlled air supply ensures that the fuel burns efficiently, leading to optimal heat transfer and energy production.
In summary, the FD fan i
A vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure dimensions with high accuracy. It can measure internal and external dimensions, as well as depths.
Here is a detailed description of its parts and how to use it.
Understanding Cybersecurity Breaches: Causes, Consequences, and PreventionBert Blevins
Cybersecurity breaches are a growing threat in today’s interconnected digital landscape, affecting individuals, businesses, and governments alike. These breaches compromise sensitive information and erode trust in online services and systems. Understanding the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies of cybersecurity breaches is crucial to protect against these pervasive risks.
Cybersecurity breaches refer to unauthorized access, manipulation, or destruction of digital information or systems. They can occur through various means such as malware, phishing attacks, insider threats, and vulnerabilities in software or hardware. Once a breach happens, cybercriminals can exploit the compromised data for financial gain, espionage, or sabotage. Causes of breaches include software and hardware vulnerabilities, phishing attacks, insider threats, weak passwords, and a lack of security awareness.
The consequences of cybersecurity breaches are severe. Financial loss is a significant impact, as organizations face theft of funds, legal fees, and repair costs. Breaches also damage reputations, leading to a loss of trust among customers, partners, and stakeholders. Regulatory penalties are another consequence, with hefty fines imposed for non-compliance with data protection regulations. Intellectual property theft undermines innovation and competitiveness, while disruptions of critical services like healthcare and utilities impact public safety and well-being.
Unblocking The Main Thread - Solving ANRs and Frozen FramesSinan KOZAK
In the realm of Android development, the main thread is our stage, but too often, it becomes a battleground where performance issues arise, leading to ANRS, frozen frames, and sluggish Uls. As we strive for excellence in user experience, understanding and optimizing the main thread becomes essential to prevent these common perforrmance bottlenecks. We have strategies and best practices for keeping the main thread uncluttered. We'll examine the root causes of performance issues and techniques for monitoring and improving main thread health as wel as app performance. In this talk, participants will walk away with practical knowledge on enhancing app performance by mastering the main thread. We'll share proven approaches to eliminate real-life ANRS and frozen frames to build apps that deliver butter smooth experience.
OCS Training Institute is pleased to co-operate with
a Global provider of Rig Inspection/Audits,
Commission-ing, Compliance & Acceptance as well as
& Engineering for Offshore Drilling Rigs, to deliver
Drilling Rig Inspec-tion Workshops (RIW) which
teaches the inspection & maintenance procedures
required to ensure equipment integrity. Candidates
learn to implement the relevant standards &
understand industry requirements so that they can
verify the condition of a rig’s equipment & improve
safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and
protecting the asset.
Response & Safe AI at Summer School of AI at IIITHIIIT Hyderabad
Talk covering Guardrails , Jailbreak, What is an alignment problem? RLHF, EU AI Act, Machine & Graph unlearning, Bias, Inconsistency, Probing, Interpretability, Bias
In May 2024, globally renowned natural diamond crafting company Shree Ramkrishna Exports Pvt. Ltd. (SRK) became the first company in the world to achieve GNFZ’s final net zero certification for existing buildings, for its two two flagship crafting facilities SRK House and SRK Empire. Initially targeting 2030 to reach net zero, SRK joined forces with the Global Network for Zero (GNFZ) to accelerate its target to 2024 — a trailblazing achievement toward emissions elimination.
1. Defining Test Competence
In this article I will explore the concept of Test Competence and try to define
what I actually mean with it.
To understand Test Competence, it is my belief that we must look in the Cynefin
Framework [1]. There are many different types of problems, and according to
this framework they can be divided into four categories; Obvious, Complicated,
Complex and Chaotic.
Using this framework we can categorize different test problems:
Obvious Test Problems: Tests in which the relationship between cause and effect is
obvious to all
Complicated Test Problems: Tests in which the relationship between cause and
effect requires analysis or some other form of investigation and/or the application
of expert knowledge
Complex Test Problems: Tests in which the relationship between cause and effect
can only be perceived in retrospect, but not in advance
An obvious test problem would most likely not require specific test competence
to solve. It could be something as simple as pressing an application icon on your
mobile phone and expecting the application to start. This is something anyone
could test, regardless of specific competence.
A complicated test problem would be a little bit harder. To solve this would
require an understanding of the system and its architecture, as well as an
understanding of how to read and write code. But once the relationship between
cause and effect has been established, it is just a matter of verifying it. To me this
Sidebar: How does complex
behavior arise?
“The behavior of a complex
system is often said to be due to
emergence.” [2]
“Emergence is a process whereby
larger entities, patterns, and
regularities arise through
interactions among smaller or
simpler entities that themselves
do not exhibit such properties.”
[3]
2. would fall within the range of what we could expect a developer to test, since
they are most likely to have the competence required to do so, but I would not
classify this problem as one that required a high level of test competence. It
requires a lot of expert knowledge, but not specifically about testing.
Before we continue, let’s take some time to define what I believe lies outside of
the Test Competence concept:
Writing reports – Definitely important to a tester, but not really testing
Writing automated tests – A difficult task that requires a good coder, but
not necessarily high test competence (choosing what to write automated
tests for is another story)
Executing manual regression tests – Might require intricate knowledge of
the system and different tools, but if you are just following a script and
you have a set scope of tests to run, then you should not need much else
Critical thinking, adaptability and curiosity – Obviously important to a
tester, but that goes for many different roles
Risk assessment and prioritization – Some key competencies for a tester,
but many other roles also require you to master these
Agile and Scrum – Definitely important for everyone who works in a
Scrum team, but not part of the Test Competence concept
Collaboration and communication skills – Again key competencies for a
tester, but also for many others
There are of course more examples, but hopefully I have framed the concept of
Test Competence a little more with these.
So if nothing of the above is the elusive Test Competence … then what is it that a
good tester does better than anyone else?
I believe the answer is: “Solving complex test problems.”
Ok, so how does a tester solve a complex test problem using their test
competence? What makes their skillset unique?
I believe Test Competence consists of (at least) the following components:
Primary: Modeling unpredictability in a complex system
Primary: Having a toolbox of triggers that could cause a system to behave
unpredictably
Secondary: Provoking a system to reach an unpredictable outcome
Secondary: Exploring a complex system through tests
So what does this really mean, and how do I solve a complex test problem with
these components?
If an experienced tester is confronted with a complex test problem, then this is
how I expect them to approach this problem:
3. They start with a software system under test and some information about
this system (could be requirements, risks, historical data, etc.)
Based on previous experience (either domain specific or general) and/or
based on a toolbox of triggers, such as heuristics, test methods and test
techniques, together with information about the system, I expect them to
come up with a number of test ideas
Based on these ideas, they then model a faulty system (in their mind or
documented in the form of high-level test cases or test missions) which
could show an unpredictable behavior
They then provoke the system to try to reach this faulty state (which may
or may not require specific tools, and/or understanding of the system)
o Documenting how to provoke the system to reach the faulty state
would probably result in a step-by-step detailed test case
If they succeed they may have found potentially valuable information, and
if the system does not show unpredictable behavior then the system
works according to specification
They then continue to explore the system using more test ideas, but also
equipped with the new information the previous test provided
So what does it mean to model a faulty system? Because this is the key part.
Example:
Let’s say I have previous experience with performance problems in earlier
versions of a software, and I am now tasked with testing the new release of that
software. A test idea related to performance is not that far fetched. With this
information I must now build a model in my mind of the system where
performance problems could occur. Maybe in my system, when performing
action A, while I am in state B, during an ongoing action C, the performance of the
system breaks down completely. Setting relevant A, B and C requires
understanding of the system and/or the users of the system. Once I have built
this faulty model in my mind I continue with trying to provoke the system to
reach this faulty state, and see if I find some valuable information or not.
To model a faulty system is to imagine a system, with a certain set of variables
and states, which might behave unpredictably under specific circumstances.
This is how I define Test Competence right now. Subject to change.
References
[1] Cynefin Framework
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynefin_Framework
[2] Complexity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity
[3] Emergence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence