Concrete

 Construction material
 Mixture of Portland cement, water, aggregates, and in some cases,
admixtures.
 The cement and water form a paste that hardens and bonds the
aggregates together.
 often looked upon as “man made rock”.
 versatile construction material, adaptable to a wide variety of agricultural
and residential uses.
 Strong, durablele, versatile, and economical.
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 Can be placed or molded into virtually any shape and reproduce any
surface texture.
 The most widely used construction material in the world.
 In the United States almost twice as much concrete is used as all
other construction materials combined.
 The ready-mix concrete producer has made concrete an appropriate
construction material for many applications.

 Water
 Aggregates
 Reinforcement
 Chemical admixtures
 Cement

 Great water is basic for quality cement.
 Ought to be adequate to drink- - free of waste, natural
matter and unnecessary chemicals as well as minerals.
 The quality and different properties of cement are
exceptionally subject to the measure of water and the
water-concrete proportion.

 Totals involve 60 to 80 percent of the volume of cement.
 Sand, rock and smashed stone are the essential totals utilized.
 All totals must be basically free of residue as well as natural matter.

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 Crystalline compound of calcium silicates and other calcium mixes having water
powered properties.
 Considered pressure driven in view of their capacity to set and solidify under or with
overabundance water through the hydration of the bond's synthetic mixes or minerals
 Uses
Main use is in the fabrication of concrete and mortars
 Modern uses
-Building (floors, beams, columns, roofing, piles, bricks, mortar, panels, plaster)
-Transport (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, viaducts, tunnels, parking, etc.)
-Water (pipes, drains, canals, dams, tanks, pools, etc.)
-Civil (piers, docks, retaining walls, silos, warehousing, poles, pylons, fencing)
-Agriculture (buildings, processing, housing, irrigation)

 The ease with which freshly mixed concrete can be placed and
finished without segregation.
 Difficult to measure but ready-mix companies usually have
experience in determining the proper mix.
 Important to accurately describe what the concrete is to be used for,
and how it will be placed.

 Solid that has been indicated, clustered, blended, set, and completed "letter-
impeccable" can even now be a disappointment assuming dishonorably or
deficiently cured.
 Normally the last stride in a solid venture and, tragically, is regularly ignored
even by experts.

 Curing has a major influence on the properties of hardened concrete
such as durability, strength, water-tightness, wear resistance,
volume stability, and resistance to freezing and thawing.
 Proper concrete curing for agricultural and residential applications
involves keeping newly placed concrete moist and avoiding
temperature extremes (above 90°F or below 50°F) for at least three
days.
 A seven-day (or longer) curing time is recommended.

 Strength
 Elasticity
 Cracking
 Shrinkage cracking
 Tension cracking

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