Collecting Data Technique
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Here are some potential data collection methods for each topic: a) Music tastes of class - survey (online or paper) b) Average height of class - direct measurement c) Parent housework time - survey (online or paper) d) Malaysian student environmental attitudes - survey (online or paper) The key is matching the appropriate quantitative or qualitative method to the data needed. Direct measurement works best for objective facts like height, while surveys can assess preferences, opinions and behaviors.
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Collecting Data Technique
- 1. 1.1 Prepare and implement a plan for the collection of primary and secondary information for a given business problem. 1.2 Describe and justify the survey methodology and frame used
- 2. COLLECTING DATA Why do we need data? To keep records for administrative purposes To make decision on important issues To pass information on to others
- 3. Collecting Data Who needs information? i. Government information is used to develop, implement and monitor social and economic programs ii. Businesses make decisions about employing people, marketing their products and opening new offices, warehouses and factories
- 4. Collecting Data Who needs information? iii. Community Group population distribution, attendance of the Sporting Clubs members at games, number of young people in the local area. iv. Individuals
- 5. Collecting Data Statistics are often developed through a process commonly referred to as a survey. A statistical survey is developed by using well-defined concepts, methods and procedures, and compiling the information.
- 6. Collecting Data The information collected can be from various units of a population (sample) or all units of a population (census). It can be collected either directly from the sampled population or through the use of administrative data
- 7. COLLECTING DATA TECHNIQUES 1. Observation 2. Inspection/ Experiment 3. Survey a. Personal Survey (face-to-face interview) b. Mail Survey c. Telephone Survey 3. Abstracted from published book 4. Internet
- 8. Collecting Data Techniques 1. Observation • most commonly used • used by social scientists to learn about the customs and habits of people, communities, and animals’ kingdom. • Researcher may or may not have direct contact or communication with people whose behaviour is being recorded.
- 9. Collecting Data Techniques 1. Observation Advantages: • Record actual behaviour – not what people said/did/believe. • Can check the validity – compared the statement and the actual recorded behaviour.
- 10. Collecting Data Techniques 1. Observation Disadvantages: • observer needs to be highly skilled and unbiased • not tell us about the respondents’ attitudes. • Not provide any insights into what people may be thinking/motivate. • takes a great deal of time, preparation and therefore money • Ethical issues – invasion of privacy or abusive.
- 11. Collecting Data Techniques 2. Inspection/ Experiment • data required is about objects • may require tests which destroy the object • require standardized procedures based upon experience of the product under test.
- 12. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey a. Personal Survey (face-to-face interview) • Construct questionnaires – ask questions – records the responses Advantages: • Many questions can be asked quickly • High response rate • interviewer to clarify terms • well-trained interviewer can detect if a respondent is giving false information.
- 13. Collecting Data Techniques a. Personal Survey (face-to-face interview) Disadvantages: • Expensive - sufficient incentives • Introduce to systematic bias, e.g facial expressions and statements by interviewers • Errors in recording responses
- 14. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey b. Postal Survey • questionnaires are mailed to respondents and return by post Advantages: • investigation is very fast • informants are spread over a wide geographical area. • Cheapest than personal interview
- 15. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey b. Postal Survey Advantages: • Cheapest than personal interview • No interview influence • Respondent has more time to think of proper response.
- 16. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey b. Postal Survey Disadvantages: • quite low response • Biased • Misinterpret the questions • Questionnaire may be filled in as a team effort • More time needed
- 17. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey c. Telephone Survey • to personal interview Limitation: • cannot be used to interview those people who don’t have telephone • telephone conversation cannot be very long
- 18. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey c. Telephone Survey Limitation: • replies in telephone can be very erratic and unreliable • may not be convenient for respondents to answer too many questions.
- 19. Collecting Data Techniques 3. Survey c. Telephone Survey Advantages: • less expensive • Procedures can be monitored Often the most satisfactory collection strategy uses a combination of methods
- 20. Other Collecting Data Techniques 4. Browsing Good place to browse include: • Newspaper, magazine, journals • Book shops • Published statistics • Companies’ annual reports and accounts • The records kept by organizations for internal purposes • Electronic database • The internet
- 21. Other Collecting Data Techniques 4. Browsing Abstracted form published book • more appropriate when the investigation we wish to conduct involves the analysis of past records Advantages: • Very low cost
- 22. Other Collecting Data Techniques Abstracted form published book Disadvantages/limitation: • They may be out of dated • not always follow that the records we examine will contain the exact data we require • Not be as relevant as we think to today’s situations. For example, family income change over the years and alter the pattern of demand for many products
- 23. Other Collecting Data Techniques Internet Yahoo : www.yahoo.com Google : www.google.com • give an overwhelming response. Department of Statistics Malaysia : www.statistics.gov.my
- 24. Collecting Data Techniques The choice of method depends: • complexity and length of questionnaire • sensitivity of requested information • Geographical dispersion of survey population • Cost • time frame
- 25. Collecting Data Techniques 1. When collecting data, why is it sometimes better to conduct a sample survey than a census? 2. List some of the things you would need to consider when choosing a data collection method.
- 26. Collecting Data Techniques 1. Given some of your answers to Question 2, decide as a class which method of data collection you would employ to gather data on the following topics: a) the music tastes of your class b) the average height of your class c) the time your parents spend each week doing housework d) the attitude of Malaysian students toward the environment