This document is a manual for Cinelerra CV, an open source non-linear video editor for Linux. It discusses installing and configuring Cinelerra CV, including hardware and software requirements and instructions for different Linux distributions. It also covers compiling Cinelerra from source, configuring audio and video drivers, and playback settings. The manual is distributed under the GNU GPL license.
This document is the user manual for Snort version 2.8.6. It provides an overview of Snort's capabilities in different operating modes like sniffer, packet logger, and network intrusion detection system modes. It also describes how to configure Snort, including preprocessor and rule configuration, as well as output and logging options. The document contains detailed information on topics like includes, rule profiling, output modules, and more.
This document provides documentation for Zend Framework 2. It outlines the installation and getting started process for Zend Framework 2 applications. It then walks through building a sample album application module by module, covering routing, controllers, models, forms and actions. It also discusses additional topics like unit testing, events, configuration and authentication.
Implementing the
IBM Storwize V3700
Easily manage and deploy systems
with embedded GUI
Experience rapid and flexible
provisioning
Protect data with remote
mirroring
The document provides information about implementing the IBM Storwize V3700 storage system. It includes an overview of the hardware components and features of the Storwize V3700. The document also covers initial configuration tasks such as planning the hardware and network setup, performing the first-time setup, and configuring features like expansion enclosures, alerts, and inventory. It provides guidance on using the graphical and command-line interfaces to manage and monitor the storage system.
This document is a user guide for the Zebra Z4Mplus/Z6Mplus industrial/commercial label printers. It contains instructions and procedures for setup, operation, and configuration of the printers. The guide includes sections on unpacking and inspecting the printer, selecting a site, connecting power and communication interfaces, loading media and ribbons, operating the front panel and controls, performing calibrations, and configuring the printer. Copyright and trademark information is also provided.
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of a user manual for the BOSS GNU/Linux operating system version 3.0. It includes sections on installing BOSS, using the GNOME desktop environment, customizing settings, networking, hardware configuration, applications like OpenOffice and multimedia tools, and accessibility features. The manual is a comprehensive guide for new users to get started with the key functions and customize their experience of the BOSS GNU/Linux distribution.
This document discusses configuring and deploying the chassis cluster feature on Juniper Networks J Series services routers to provide high availability. It describes the hardware and software requirements, feature overview, configuration, monitoring, deployment scenarios including active/passive and active/active, special considerations, and upgrade process. The chassis cluster allows two J Series routers to work as a single device, increasing redundancy and reliability.
This document provides an overview and instructions for using the DX Series Client application software. It describes the key features and interface elements of the client, including how to connect to a site, navigate live and recorded video, customize views, and perform other basic operations. The client allows users to remotely view live and recorded surveillance video from multiple cameras across a network.
This document provides instructions for installing and administering R on various operating systems. It covers obtaining R sources, compiling and installing R under Unix-like systems, Windows, and Mac OS X. It also discusses running R, installing add-on packages, internationalization, choosing 32- vs 64-bit builds, and the standalone Rmath library.
CALM DURING THE STORM:Best Practices in Multicast SecurityJohnson Liu
Internet multicast introduces a range of new security threats to a network. These threats are not necessarily any more or less destructive than those found in unicast-only networks, but they represent a new class of vulnerability that may be unfamiliar to those with minimal multicast experience. Juniper Networks® Junos® operating system offers the most comprehensive set of features in the industry for securing a multicast infrastructure. This expertise comes from lessons learned after more than a decade of deployment experience in the world’s largest Internet backbones. The following is a detailed set of recommended best practices for securing a multicast infrastructure of Juniper Networks routers.
This document provides code conventions for writing Java code, including recommendations for file names, file organization within source code files, indentation, comments, declarations, statements, white space, naming conventions, and programming practices. It aims to improve code readability and maintainability. The conventions are based on the Java Language Specification from Sun Microsystems and aim to make the code as well-organized and clean as possible.
Red hat storage-3-administration_guide-en-usTommy Lee
This document is the Red Hat Storage 3 Administration Guide. It describes how to configure and manage Red Hat Storage Server for on-premise and public cloud installations. The guide covers topics such as Red Hat Storage architecture, key features, managing storage pools and volumes, performance optimization, geo-replication, snapshots, monitoring and more. It provides administrators with information needed to setup and maintain Red Hat Storage environments.
Faronics Deep Freeze Enterprise User GuideFaronics
This document is the user guide for Deep Freeze Enterprise, which allows administrators to centrally manage and deploy software configurations on multiple computers. It describes how to install and configure Deep Freeze Configuration Administrator and Enterprise Console to customize settings like frozen drives, ThawSpace locations, scheduled tasks and more. The Enterprise Console then enables monitoring and managing Deep Freeze across a network from a single interface.
This document is the user guide for Deep Freeze Mac. It provides instructions on installing, configuring, and using Deep Freeze Mac to restore Mac computers to a predefined state after each restart or login. It covers installing Deep Freeze locally or remotely via Apple Remote Desktop, configuring freeze/thaw settings, creating maintenance schedules, and uninstalling Deep Freeze. The guide also describes the Deep Freeze Remote and Deep Freeze Tasks features for remotely managing multiple Macs.
The document provides specifications for Seagate Momentus 54 hard disk drives, including the ST94011A, ST92011A, ST94811A, and ST92811A models. It details the drives' formatted capacity, physical organization, recording interface technology, power consumption, environmental tolerances, agency certifications, ATA interface, and compatibility information. Revisions to the document are tracked in a revision status summary sheet.
This document provides guidance on setting up IBM tape drives and libraries in multiple UNIX environments. It discusses IBM LTO Ultrium tape drive models, hardware platforms, connectivity options, partitioning of multi-path tape libraries, and SAN considerations for attaching tape libraries. The document is intended to help integrators and administrators implement IBM tape solutions for backup and archiving in UNIX environments.
Cisco routers for the small business a practical guide for it professionals...Mark Smith
This document provides a guide for configuring Cisco routers for small businesses. It discusses connecting to the router through the console port and navigating the command line interface. It then covers configuring the router by setting the hostname, IP addresses for LAN and WAN interfaces, enabling DHCP services, and setting security parameters like passwords. The goal is to provide IT professionals with the knowledge needed to get a Cisco router up and running for a small business network.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: Introduction to System Administration is a documentation guide that covers:
1. The philosophy of system administration including automating tasks, documenting processes, communicating with users, understanding resources and security.
2. Resource monitoring on Linux systems using tools like free, top, vmstat and the Sysstat suite to monitor CPU, memory, storage and bandwidth usage.
3. Managing bandwidth and processing power on Linux including monitoring techniques in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and improving performance by addressing bottlenecks.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 System Administration Guide provides documentation on installation, configuration, and administration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 systems. Key topics covered include kickstart installations, Logical Volume Manager (LVM), Software RAID, package management, network configuration, firewall configuration, NFS, Samba, DHCP, Apache, authentication, console access, users/groups, printers, and more. The guide is intended to help system administrators manage and maintain Red Hat Enterprise Linux servers.
O documento discute os arquétipos de Jung e como as marcas podem se conectar com os anseios humanos representados por esses arquétipos para motivar consumidores. Apresenta 12 arquétipos comuns e como cada um representa necessidades humanas fundamentais de estabilidade, pertencimento, realização etc. Também discute como segmentar consumidores com base em suas aspirações em vez de apenas dados demográficos e como marcas podem alinhar seus propósitos aos desejos representados pelos arquétipos.
Um profissional de escrita e programa de edição de workflow, o software Adobe InCopy integra com o software Adobe InDesign para permitir uma maior colaboração entre equipes de design e editoriais. Você será capaz de oferecer conteúdo que vai apoiar tanto publicações impressas e digitais, simplificando assim o processo de criação de conteúdo exclusivo para diversos públicos.
O Elements Organizer 12 traz novos recursos e melhorias que facilitam para o trabalho com mídias digitais. Leia para obter uma introdução rápida sobre os novos recursos e links para recursos que oferecem mais informações. O Photoshop Elements permite carregar mídias no Adobe® Revel e acessá-las em qualquer dispositivo. A mídia já presente nas bibliotecas do Revel são baixadas para o Elements Organizer, para que você possa trabalhar com ela. O Adobe® Revel é um aplicativo de fotos que permite armazenar mídias na nuvem e compartilhá-las de modo privado ou público.
O Adobe® Acrobat® XI Pro não é apenas a principal solução de conversão de PDFs. Ele contém ferramentas mais eficientes que melhoram substancialmente a comunicação. Simples. Eficiente. Surpreendente. Faça pequenas alterações em arquivos PDF com a mesma facilidade encontrada em outros aplicativos usando uma nova interface do tipo apontar e clicar.
Liberte sua criatividade com opções de edição de fotos para usuários de todos os níveis de experiência e crie fotos espetaculares. Organize, edite e crie fotos incríveis para compartilhar por meio de cópias impressas, na Web, no Facebook e muito mais. E agora você pode levar as suas fotos do Elements para qualquer lugar, diretamente no smartphone ou tablet.*
O Adobe® Media Encoder CC oferece novos recursos e melhorias para uma melhor exeperiência de codificação de vídeo. Continue lendo para obter uma rápida apresentação dos novos recursos com links para recursos que oferecem mais informações. Ao exportar arquivos de vídeo em H.264 ou em formato MPEG, o Adobe Media Encoder permite que você faça automaticamente a correspondência das configurações de vídeo do arquivo de origem usando as predefinições Corresponder à origem. Selecionar uma predefinição Corresponder à origem ativa automaticamente as opções apropriadas na guia de configurações de Vídeo na caixa de diálogo Configurações de exporação.
1. Este documento é um manual gratuito sobre edição e montagem de vídeo com o software livre Cinelerra para GNU/Linux.
2. O manual explica como instalar o Cinelerra em diferentes distribuições Linux como Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora e Gentoo e configurar drivers de áudio e vídeo.
3. Além disso, fornece instruções sobre compilação do código-fonte e links para tutoriais e guias que ensinam a utilizar os recursos de edição do programa.
O software Adobe® Captivate® 7 oferece suporte aperfeiçoado para conteúdo de eLearning baseado em HTML5 e também permite que você crie cursos que atendam aos padrões de acessibilidade.* Acrescente mais interatividade aos seus cursos arrastando e soltando módulos, transmissão de vídeo do YouTube ou navegação na web no próprio curso. Grave áudio do sistema junto com a narração. Gere modelos de ação avançada reutilizáveis. Importe perguntas no formato GIFT para criar testes instantaneamente. E, agora, também é possível publicar em LMSs compatíveis com o Tin Can.
O Adobe Connect é a solução corporativa para comunicações e treinamentos corporativos, além de conferência via internet. A solução, que requer um servidor, é bastante abrangente e é composta por módulos, para maximização de resultados ante investimentos reduzidos. O Adobe Connect é compatível oficialmente com os dispositivos de videoconferência Tandberg 990MXP e Edge 95, embora outros dispositivos Tandberg H.264 também devam funcionar bem.
This document is a user guide for the LSI SAS2 Integrated RAID solution. It describes the benefits of the integrated RAID solution such as host interface support, metadata support, SMART support, and Fusion-MPT support. It also provides overviews of how mirrored volumes operate and their key features like resynchronization, hot swapping, hot spares, online capacity expansion, and more. The document includes steps for creating mirrored volumes, managing hot spare disks, and other administrative tasks.
This document provides an overview of R's internal structures and programming concepts. It discusses topics such as SEXPs (the basic R data structure), environments and variable lookup, attributes, contexts, argument evaluation, autoprinting, serialization formats, encodings, warnings and errors, S4 objects, memory allocation, and graphics devices. The document is intended for developers and advanced users who want to understand how R works under the hood.
This document provides an overview of Linux performance and tuning guidelines. It discusses Linux processes, memory, file systems, I/O subsystems, networking, and performance monitoring tools. The document is intended to help readers understand how Linux works and how to optimize system performance.
This document is the user guide for AirDefense Mobile 6.1. It provides an overview of the software and instructions for using its various features. The guide contains chapters that describe how to conduct live monitoring of wireless networks, capture network traffic frames, and analyze captured frames. It also covers how to set up and conduct on-site wireless network surveys using the mobile application.
This document is the user manual for HDClone, a software program for copying, backing up, migrating, and rescuing hard disks. It provides instructions on installing HDClone, supported hardware, and using the program. Key features covered include copying disks while the system is running, creating disk images, and duplicating master system installations.
Quagga is a routing software package for TCP/IP networks that supports protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP. The document provides instructions on configuring, building, and installing Quagga on supported platforms like Linux. It also gives overviews of Quagga's components like Zebra (the routing daemon) and the command-line tools for interacting with routing protocols.
This document provides notes from a Linux system administration course. It covers topics like installing Red Hat Linux, configuring XFree86 for graphics, managing software packages, understanding the boot sequence, basic network concepts, kernel functions, configuring services, managing users and groups, working with filesystems, and basic security measures. The document contains detailed sections on partitioning and formatting disks, mounting filesystems, and using common Linux administration tools.
This document is a product reference guide for the LS 9208 scanner. It contains information about setting up, using, maintaining and specifying the technical details of the scanner. The guide includes chapters on getting started with setup and configuration, scanning functionality, maintenance, technical specifications, and customizing user preferences. It provides instructions and definitions for key aspects of using the scanner such as interface connection, scanning modes, beeper tones, LED indicators, aiming and decoding performance.
This document provides instructions for installing and using TapWatch software. It discusses hardware requirements, installing the software, standard and non-standard software features, connecting to sites and devices, editing site information, viewing data, setting passwords, automatic downloads, file locations, TapWatch hardware components, and how to use TapWatch for troubleshooting. The document contains detailed explanations, screenshots and step-by-step instructions for using TapWatch's various features.
This document provides instructions for installing and configuring OpenStack. It describes the OpenStack architecture and services, how to set up the necessary infrastructure components like networking, databases and message queues, and how to deploy the core OpenStack services. It also provides steps for launching a test instance and interacting with basic OpenStack features like networks, block storage and orchestration.
This document provides an introduction to the IBM GDPS family of offerings. It discusses business resilience requirements and how GDPS supports IT resilience through technologies like disk replication and automation. The document covers GDPS/PPRC, which uses IBM's Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC) technology for continuous availability and disaster recovery. It also addresses infrastructure planning considerations for GDPS implementations.
This document is a user guide for AirDefense Mobile 6.1. It provides an overview of the system and instructions for using its live monitoring and frame capture analysis features. The guide describes the interface and functionality of the common area, data, connections, devices, frames, and survey tabs. It also covers topics like conducting site surveys, creating floor plans, and visualizing survey data.
This document is a user guide for AirDefense Mobile 6.1. It provides an overview of the features and functionality of AirDefense Mobile for live wireless network monitoring, analysis and site surveys. The guide describes the various interface elements, tabs and tools for viewing live data, managing devices and licenses, conducting wireless surveys and analyzing captured frames. It contains chapters on live monitoring, frame capture and analysis, and guides users on how to conduct site surveys and visualize survey results.
This document provides the user manual for the CK3R and CK3X mobile computers. It describes the features and specifications of the devices. The manual covers topics such as turning the device on, charging and replacing the battery, using the keypad and screen, reading barcodes, transferring files, installing accessories, and downloading additional Intermec applications. It also provides instructions for configuring settings on the devices.
This document is a table of contents for the book "Getting Started with Arduino" by Massimo Banzi. It introduces physical computing and the Arduino platform. The book covers basics like blinking an LED and using sensors. It then progresses to more advanced topics such as analog input, serial communication, and connecting to the cloud. Each chapter describes circuits, code, and projects to build with Arduino. Troubleshooting tips are also provided.
This document provides information about login scripts in Novell, including:
- Where login scripts should be located and common login script commands
- Examples of sample login scripts for containers, profiles, users, and default scripts
- Descriptions of specific login script commands and variables like MAP, IF/THEN, and INCLUDE
This document provides a user guide for the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) peripheral in Texas Instruments' Keystone Architecture. It describes the features and architecture of the SPI peripheral, including its operation modes, programmable registers, data formats, interrupt support, and initialization procedures. The document has been updated multiple times to modify register descriptions and clarify or expand certain sections. It provides the information needed to understand and utilize the SPI functionality in Keystone-based devices.
This document provides an overview of data import and export capabilities in R. It discusses importing spreadsheet-like data, data from other statistical systems, relational databases, binary files, and network interfaces. It also covers exporting to text files, XML, connections, and reading Excel spreadsheets. The document is intended to help users efficiently import data for analysis in R and export results for reporting.
This document provides legal notices and trademark information regarding Pro Tools | S6 software and hardware. It lists many Avid and third party trademarks. It also provides information on patents, specifications that may change, and a guide part number. The document is copyrighted by Avid Technology, Inc and prohibits duplication without written consent.
The document discusses issues around Linux distributions replacing the original cdrtools software with forks that introduced bugs and broke functionality. It notes that Debian, Red Hat, openSUSE and SUSE currently ship broken forks instead of the recent original versions. It encourages informing these distributions that forcing defective forks instead of allowing users to choose is unfree, and asking them to include the recent original cdrtools software to give users freedom of choice.
This document is the revision history and table of contents for the "Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide", which is described as an in-depth exploration of shell scripting in Bash assuming no previous knowledge. The guide contains over 30 chapters that progress from basic to advanced topics in shell scripting through explanatory text and over 100 code examples. It aims to teach shell scripting interactively through writing and analyzing scripts.
This document provides the help output from the ffmpeg command, listing its configuration options and summarizing its video, audio, and advanced encoding options. It also lists the versions of ffmpeg's libavutil, libavcodec, and libavformat libraries being used.
The document discusses accessing and exploring graphical desktops in UNIX/Linux. It describes how to start the X Window system from the terminal using commands like "startx" or "xinit". This launches the window manager and displays the full graphical desktop with icons, menus, windows etc. The desktop environment, including elements like the task bar, main menu, windows, icons and screen customization options are then explored. Exiting a session involves logging out through options in the main menu or pop-up menus.
The split utility breaks long files into smaller files, the lp and lpr utilities manage printing, and find searches for files meeting criteria and acts on them. Mtools copies files to DOS floppies, while tar archives a directory tree or file into a single file for storage, transfer, or relocation.
This document discusses managing and processing processes in a system. It explains that every running program is a separate process with a unique process ID. It describes how to obtain information on running processes, start new processes, and end processes through various commands. It also covers job control in UNIX, allowing users to start, suspend, resume, and kill groups of processes associated with a job.
The document discusses file and directory permissions in Linux/Unix systems. It describes how permissions are represented and controlled using commands like ls, chmod, and umask. Permissions determine whether a user can read, write, or execute files and view contents of directories. Chmod allows setting permissions for owners, groups and others using letters or numbers. Umask sets default permissions for new files and directories based on permissions being masked.
The document provides an overview of shells and their functions. It discusses how shells interpret commands, execute utilities by launching child processes, and customize functionality through variables and startup files. Key points include shells acting as an interface between the user and kernel by translating commands, child processes inheriting environments, and customizations like aliases, prompts, and startup files tailoring each shell.
The document discusses managing files and directories in Linux/Unix systems. It covers topics such as using directories to organize files, listing and accessing files in directories, creating and removing directories, using pathnames to navigate between directories, and managing files located in multiple directories.
This document provides an overview of various Linux utilities for examining files, manipulating text, performing calculations, sorting data, and more. It summarizes the purpose and basic usage of utilities like wc, cat, more, grep, sort, uniq, cut, paste and others. Key functions covered include viewing file contents, searching/filtering text, mathematical operations, ordering lines, and identifying duplicate lines.
This document discusses using utilities to accomplish complex tasks in scripts. It covers creating a script to list user information, separately listing directories and files, and identifying changes made to files in a directory. Key utilities discussed include ls, grep, sort, uniq, diff, and tr which can be combined in scripts to manipulate and analyze data in powerful ways. Comments are added to scripts using # and utilities are piped together using |.
This document provides an overview of Linux terminal sessions and system utilities. It discusses employing fundamental utilities like ls, wc, sort, and grep. It also covers managing input/output redirection, special characters, shell variables, environment variables, and creating shell scripts. Key topics include using utilities to list directories, count file elements, sort lines, and locate specific lines. It also discusses starting additional terminal sessions, exiting sessions, and locating the graphical terminal.
The document provides an overview of the vi text editor, describing how to navigate and edit files, add and delete text, search for text, and save files. Vi has two modes - command mode for navigation and append/insert mode for adding text. It allows moving cursor, searching, deleting lines/characters, undoing changes, and quitting to save files. Advanced features include substituting text globally and marking blocks to move or copy.
The document provides an overview of essential Linux commands and programs for navigating the file system, examining and managing files, and accessing utilities and documentation. It discusses the development of UNIX and Linux, basic commands for executing utilities like date and hostname, passing arguments to utilities, listing processes with ps, and redirecting outputs. It also covers navigating directories, copying, moving, removing files, and deciphering error messages.
Logging on to a UNIX/Linux system requires a valid username and password. The root user has full administrative privileges. Users can log in through either a terminal window or graphical window interface. After logging in, the date command displays the current date and time, while the exit command logs the user off the system.
Data Protection in a Connected World: Sovereignty and Cyber Securityanupriti
Delve into the critical intersection of data sovereignty and cyber security in this presentation. Explore unconventional cyber threat vectors and strategies to safeguard data integrity and sovereignty in an increasingly interconnected world. Gain insights into emerging threats and proactive defense measures essential for modern digital ecosystems.
Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - Tech Forum 2024BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and transcript: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Blockchain and Cyber Defense Strategies in new genre timesanupriti
Explore robust defense strategies at the intersection of blockchain technology and cybersecurity. This presentation delves into proactive measures and innovative approaches to safeguarding blockchain networks against evolving cyber threats. Discover how secure blockchain implementations can enhance resilience, protect data integrity, and ensure trust in digital transactions. Gain insights into cutting-edge security protocols and best practices essential for mitigating risks in the blockchain ecosystem.
The Rise of Supernetwork Data Intensive ComputingLarry Smarr
Invited Remote Lecture to SC21
The International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis
St. Louis, Missouri
November 18, 2021
Fluttercon 2024: Showing that you care about security - OpenSSF Scorecards fo...Chris Swan
Have you noticed the OpenSSF Scorecard badges on the official Dart and Flutter repos? It's Google's way of showing that they care about security. Practices such as pinning dependencies, branch protection, required reviews, continuous integration tests etc. are measured to provide a score and accompanying badge.
You can do the same for your projects, and this presentation will show you how, with an emphasis on the unique challenges that come up when working with Dart and Flutter.
The session will provide a walkthrough of the steps involved in securing a first repository, and then what it takes to repeat that process across an organization with multiple repos. It will also look at the ongoing maintenance involved once scorecards have been implemented, and how aspects of that maintenance can be better automated to minimize toil.
Implementations of Fused Deposition Modeling in real worldEmerging Tech
The presentation showcases the diverse real-world applications of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) across multiple industries:
1. **Manufacturing**: FDM is utilized in manufacturing for rapid prototyping, creating custom tools and fixtures, and producing functional end-use parts. Companies leverage its cost-effectiveness and flexibility to streamline production processes.
2. **Medical**: In the medical field, FDM is used to create patient-specific anatomical models, surgical guides, and prosthetics. Its ability to produce precise and biocompatible parts supports advancements in personalized healthcare solutions.
3. **Education**: FDM plays a crucial role in education by enabling students to learn about design and engineering through hands-on 3D printing projects. It promotes innovation and practical skill development in STEM disciplines.
4. **Science**: Researchers use FDM to prototype equipment for scientific experiments, build custom laboratory tools, and create models for visualization and testing purposes. It facilitates rapid iteration and customization in scientific endeavors.
5. **Automotive**: Automotive manufacturers employ FDM for prototyping vehicle components, tooling for assembly lines, and customized parts. It speeds up the design validation process and enhances efficiency in automotive engineering.
6. **Consumer Electronics**: FDM is utilized in consumer electronics for designing and prototyping product enclosures, casings, and internal components. It enables rapid iteration and customization to meet evolving consumer demands.
7. **Robotics**: Robotics engineers leverage FDM to prototype robot parts, create lightweight and durable components, and customize robot designs for specific applications. It supports innovation and optimization in robotic systems.
8. **Aerospace**: In aerospace, FDM is used to manufacture lightweight parts, complex geometries, and prototypes of aircraft components. It contributes to cost reduction, faster production cycles, and weight savings in aerospace engineering.
9. **Architecture**: Architects utilize FDM for creating detailed architectural models, prototypes of building components, and intricate designs. It aids in visualizing concepts, testing structural integrity, and communicating design ideas effectively.
Each industry example demonstrates how FDM enhances innovation, accelerates product development, and addresses specific challenges through advanced manufacturing capabilities.
What Not to Document and Why_ (North Bay Python 2024)Margaret Fero
We’re hopefully all on board with writing documentation for our projects. However, especially with the rise of supply-chain attacks, there are some aspects of our projects that we really shouldn’t document, and should instead remediate as vulnerabilities. If we do document these aspects of a project, it may help someone compromise the project itself or our users. In this talk, you will learn why some aspects of documentation may help attackers more than users, how to recognize those aspects in your own projects, and what to do when you encounter such an issue.
These are slides as presented at North Bay Python 2024, with one minor modification to add the URL of a tweet screenshotted in the presentation.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/07/intels-approach-to-operationalizing-ai-in-the-manufacturing-sector-a-presentation-from-intel/
Tara Thimmanaik, AI Systems and Solutions Architect at Intel, presents the “Intel’s Approach to Operationalizing AI in the Manufacturing Sector,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
AI at the edge is powering a revolution in industrial IoT, from real-time processing and analytics that drive greater efficiency and learning to predictive maintenance. Intel is focused on developing tools and assets to help domain experts operationalize AI-based solutions in their fields of expertise.
In this talk, Thimmanaik explains how Intel’s software platforms simplify labor-intensive data upload, labeling, training, model optimization and retraining tasks. She shows how domain experts can quickly build vision models for a wide range of processes—detecting defective parts on a production line, reducing downtime on the factory floor, automating inventory management and other digitization and automation projects. And she introduces Intel-provided edge computing assets that empower faster localized insights and decisions, improving labor productivity through easy-to-use AI tools that democratize AI.
Transcript: Details of description part II: Describing images in practice - T...BookNet Canada
This presentation explores the practical application of image description techniques. Familiar guidelines will be demonstrated in practice, and descriptions will be developed “live”! If you have learned a lot about the theory of image description techniques but want to feel more confident putting them into practice, this is the presentation for you. There will be useful, actionable information for everyone, whether you are working with authors, colleagues, alone, or leveraging AI as a collaborator.
Link to presentation recording and slides: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
Presented by BookNet Canada on June 25, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Coordinate Systems in FME 101 - Webinar SlidesSafe Software
If you’ve ever had to analyze a map or GPS data, chances are you’ve encountered and even worked with coordinate systems. As historical data continually updates through GPS, understanding coordinate systems is increasingly crucial. However, not everyone knows why they exist or how to effectively use them for data-driven insights.
During this webinar, you’ll learn exactly what coordinate systems are and how you can use FME to maintain and transform your data’s coordinate systems in an easy-to-digest way, accurately representing the geographical space that it exists within. During this webinar, you will have the chance to:
- Enhance Your Understanding: Gain a clear overview of what coordinate systems are and their value
- Learn Practical Applications: Why we need datams and projections, plus units between coordinate systems
- Maximize with FME: Understand how FME handles coordinate systems, including a brief summary of the 3 main reprojectors
- Custom Coordinate Systems: Learn how to work with FME and coordinate systems beyond what is natively supported
- Look Ahead: Gain insights into where FME is headed with coordinate systems in the future
Don’t miss the opportunity to improve the value you receive from your coordinate system data, ultimately allowing you to streamline your data analysis and maximize your time. See you there!
Quality Patents: Patents That Stand the Test of TimeAurora Consulting
Is your patent a vanity piece of paper for your office wall? Or is it a reliable, defendable, assertable, property right? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent simply a transactional cost and a large pile of legal bills for your startup? Or is it a leverageable asset worthy of attracting precious investment dollars, worth its cost in multiples of valuation? The difference is often quality.
Is your patent application only good enough to get through the examination process? Or has it been crafted to stand the tests of time and varied audiences if you later need to assert that document against an infringer, find yourself litigating with it in an Article 3 Court at the hands of a judge and jury, God forbid, end up having to defend its validity at the PTAB, or even needing to use it to block pirated imports at the International Trade Commission? The difference is often quality.
Quality will be our focus for a good chunk of the remainder of this season. What goes into a quality patent, and where possible, how do you get it without breaking the bank?
** Episode Overview **
In this first episode of our quality series, Kristen Hansen and the panel discuss:
⦿ What do we mean when we say patent quality?
⦿ Why is patent quality important?
⦿ How to balance quality and budget
⦿ The importance of searching, continuations, and draftsperson domain expertise
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1. Cinelerra CV Manual
Non-linear video editor for GNU/Linux
Community Version 2.1
Edition 1.32.EN
Heroine Virtual Ltd
Cinelerra CV Team
2. Copyright c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Adam Williams - Heroine Virtual Ltd.
Copyright c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Cinelerra CV Team.
This manual is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WAR-
RANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110, USA.
11. Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1 Introduction
1.1 About Cinelerra
For years, some people have wanted a way to edit their audio and video in one place as fluidly
as writing text. Cinelerra tries to be a single location for all your audio and video editing needs.
All the recording, editing, and playback are handled here. It can be used as an audio player. It
can be used to record audio or video. It can even be used as a photo retoucher.
There are two types of moviegoers: producers who create new content and revisit it for
further refinement, and consumers who want to acquire the content and watch it. Cinelerra
is not intended for consumers. Cinelerra has many features for uncompressed content, high
resolution processing, and compositing. Producers need these features in order to retouch many
generations of footage, which makes Cinelerra very complex. Consumers should consider other
tools such as MainActor, Kino, or Moxy.
1.2 The two versions of Cinelerra
There are two branches of Cinelerra. One can be found at http://www.heroinewarrior.com
and the other at http://cvs.cinelerra.org. This documentation is focused on Cinelerra-CV
(Community Version).
The official Cinelerra source code is developed quot;upstreamquot; by Heroine Virtual, Ltd (HV).
HV shares its code base with a community version of Cinelerra (Cinelerra-CV), but does not
actively participate with the community of developers responsible for Cinelerra-CV. HV likes to
work on its own copy of Cinelerra, releasing code on a periodic basis every 6 months or so.
Cinelerra-CV was founded by developers who wanted to extend the functionality and fix bugs
inherent in the HV code base. They decided to develop Cinelerra in a community fashion and
not create a separate fork of the original HV code. So, the Cinelerra CV code is very similar to
the official release. CV coders apply bug fixes (http://bugs.cinelerra.org), enhancements
to the SVN and compliance fixes. Programmers occasionally send patches upstream. In this
way, Cinelerra CV has a number of features that the official version does not.
Unlike other programs, the HV release can not be described as quot;stablequot;. After HV’s Cinelerra
is released, there are often bugs or unusable new features. When there is a new release, a CV
member (j6t) merges HV’s code with Cinelerra CV code, taking the enhancements from HV and
reformatting the CV code (white spaces, function naming, directory naming) to be more similar
to HV’s with slight changes to implementations. After the merge, the latest Cinelerra CV release
is a little unstable as users find bugs. Time permitting, the CV programmers will address as
many of these bugs as possible. In this way, Cinelerra CV can be seen as the community’s
attempt to stabilize HV’s release.
As mentioned, the community adds new enhancements to the HV source. Members will
comment on each other’s implementations in order to create a more fully functional and stable
product. Occasionally, HV will give feedback on implementations that the members of the CV
submit to it. However, not all of the enhancements that the community create make it upstream;
for example, YUV pipe rendering.
Given the above discussion, obtaining the SVN just before a merge will generally be more
stable than a post-merge CV version. Be aware that existing project description files, or Edit
Decision Lists (discussed below), may not be compatible with the newly merged CV version.
With any version of Cinelerra, the task of finding bugs is relatively easy. However, clearly and
concisely documenting these bugs for the community that fixes them is a task that we ask of
all users of the software. The community is very responsive. Please help them by creating
well-formed bug reports. You may join our mailing list at http://cvs.cinelerra.org.
12. 2 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.3 About this manual
This manual edition is 1.32.EN, for Cinelerra CV version 2.1. You may redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This manual originates from quot;Secrets of Cinelerraquot;, an excellent primer written by
Adam Williams from Heroine Virtual Ltd. In 2003 Alex Ferrer created a Wiki based
on that manual and added many screenshots and topic descriptions. At that time, Cinelerra
CV still did not have its own manual and information regarding the Community Version of
Cinelerra was scattered across the Internet (mailing-list, IRC, websites, wiki, etc). In 2006,
Nicolas Maufrais combined the original quot;Secrets of Cinelerraquot; with the contents from Alex
Ferrer’s Wiki into a unified document.
Cinelerra-CV documentation maintainers:
English: Nicolas Maufrais (coordinator)
French: Jean-Luc Coulon
Other contributors: Alexandre Bourget, Kevin Brosius, Carlos Davila, Rafael Di-
niz, Pierre Dumuid, Mike Edwards, Martin Ellison, Graham Evans, Scott Frase, Joe
Friedrichsen, Gus Gus, Terje Hanssen, Mikko Huhtala, Ben Jorden, Nathan Kidd,
Marcin Kostur, Joseph L., Valentina Messeri, Sean Pappalardo, Herman Robak, Dana
Rogers, Jim Scott, Andraz Tori, Raffaella Traniello.
Thanks to the GNU project team, and particularly to Karl Berry, maintainer of GNU
Texinfo, for the precious help he gave us during the elaboration of this manual.
• To fetch the manual sources, install cogito and git-core on your computer and run:
cg-clone git://scm.pipapo.org/cinelerra/nicolasm
• You can participate on editing this manual by making changes in the Cinelerra-CV wiki:
http://cvs.cinelerra.org/docs/wiki/doku.php
Note: This manual is intended to be duplex-printed. Therefore, it is normal in the PDF
manual for some even pages to be left blank.
1.4 Getting help
Help can be found at:
• IRC channel: #cinelerra on Freenode
• Mailing list: https://init.linpro.no/mailman/skolelinux.no/listinfo/cinelerra
• Cinelerra CV website: http://cvs.cinelerra.org
1.5 Tutorials
Some tutorials are available on the internet:
• Cinelerra Tutorial - Getting Started, by Rob Fisher
http://www.robfisher.net/video/cinelerra1.html
• Guide d’utilisation de Cinelerra, in French
http://www.funix.org/fr/linux/cinelerra.htm
• Cinelerra video tutorials, by The Source
http://www.thesourceshow.org/node/11
The first tutorial is in Episode 6 - quot;The Return Of The Pixelquot;.
The second tutorial is in Episode 1 - quot;The Filesystem Menacequot;.
• Beginner’s Guide to Exporting Video from Cinelerra, by Scott Frase
http://content.serveftp.net/video/renderTest/guideToCinExport.html
13. Chapter 1: Introduction 3
• Capturando e editando video usando Software Livre, in Portuguese, by Rafael Diniz
https://docs.indymedia.org/view/Sysadmin/Cinelerra
• Tutorial Cinelerra, in Portuguese, by Leo Germani
http://www.estudiolivre.org/tiki-index.php?page=Cinelerra
• Edici´n de video bajo GNU/Linux (Cinelerra), in Spanish, by Gustavo I˜iguez Goya
o n
http://kutxa.homeunix.org/cinelerra
1.6 Miscellaneous links
Miscellaneous links:
• What is Deinterlacing? Facts, solutions, examples
An interesting page about deinterlacing
http://www.100fps.com
• MPEG-2 FAQ
http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/frame/research/mpeg/mpeg2faq.html
• quot;Exporting edited HD content back to the camcorderquot; (HDV related)
http://dvinfo.net/conf/showthread.php?t=76674
15. Chapter 2: Installation 5
2 Installation
This is the general contents of all Cinelerra packages.
• Foreign language translations - These go into ‘/usr/share/locale’
• Cinelerra executable - This goes into ‘/usr/bin’
• Cinelerra plugins - These go into ‘/usr/lib/cinelerra’ in 32 bit systems and
‘/usr/lib64/cinelerra’ in 64 bit systems.
• soundtest - Utility for determining sound card buffer size.
• mplexlo - Multiplexing of MPEG elementary streams without standards conformance but
more efficiently.
• mpeg3cat - Utility for reading an MPEG file from a certain standard and outputting it to
stdout.
• mpeg3toc, mpeg3cat, mpeg3dump - Utilities for indexing and reading MPEG files.
• mpeg3peek - Utility for displaying the byte offset of a frame in an MPEG file.
2.1 Hardware requirements
Cinelerra is demanding on all PC subsystems, as reading, decoding and playing video can be
quite taxing. Thus, performance and usability of Cinelerra are directly proportional to the
video format (SVCD/DV/HDV/HD/etc) used and the CPU and I/O bus speeds and video and
memory bus architecture of your hardware. Therefore, it stands to reason that a less powerful
system will be sufficient for users working with audio only or lower resolution video formats.
However, that same system may slow down considerably when playing back a higher resolution
format, such as DV video. Effects and several tracks of audio will compound these problems.
Given these constraints, here are some suggestions for running Cinelerra:
• CPU speed
At least 500 MHz CPU speed, anything less would be useless. Dual-core and SMP processors
greatly improve Cinelerra speed.
• Memory
When working with video, a large amount of free memory available can help speed up
operations by avoiding unnecessary disk swaps and keeping material ready accessible. Have
at least 256 Megabytes of memory. To really use Cinelerra for higher resolution video
formats and larger projects, greater than 1 Gb memory space is suggested.
• Storage
Video editing can be quite I/O intensive. Storage requirements are based on your particular
video editing needs. If you expect to produce long pieces in uncompressed or larger resolu-
tion formats, you should have large (>200 Gb) and fast (<10ms) disk drives. For example,
DV uses about 3.5 Megs per second, or 12 Gigs per hour. For smaller projects you might
get away with 1 Gb. RAID0 (stripe set), RAID1+0 (striped/mirrored) or RAID5 (stripe
set with parity) will also speed playback
• Video adapters
Since version 2.1, Cinelerra benefits from OpenGL hardware acceleration. Make sure the
video card you use supports OpenGL 2.0 in order to benefit from that acceleration. Nvidia
series 7 (ie. 7600GS) are known to work well. Unfortunately, ATI’s Linux drivers do not
support a complete implementation of OpenGL 2.0. If you are going to send a composite
signal directly to a TV or video recorder, make sure your video card supports it.
• Multiple monitors
You can use XFree86’s Xinerama features to work on multiple monitor heads. This feature
can be a very effective way of increasing productivity.
16. 6 Chapter 2: Installation
• TV-Out
If your Adapter supports a TV-Out option, connecting a TV or S-Video monitor to it is a
great way to view your material as it will be seen on TV screen.
• Video grabbers
If you have an analog video camera, or want to grab video from a trusty old VCR, you
need some sort of video grabber. Video grabbers are supported through Video4Linux in
Cinelerra.
• Firewire
Firewire is the fastest way to download material into your system. Unless you will be
importing your media from a CD, any other pre-captured format or use an analog video
grabber, you will need firewire on your system.
• DV cameras
There is an large variety of DV cameras that can be used with Cinelerra. Almost any camera
that can connect using firewire will work. Be sure to set the appropriate parameters on the
video grabbing system to match your particular camera. http://www.linux1394.org has
a complete listing of supported cameras.
2.2 Software requirements
To install Cinelerra you should have a current version of GNU/Linux with XFree86 and some
audio management software properly running. You should also have the following libraries
installed (partial list):
• a52dec
• dv
• faac
• ffmpeg
• fftw
• lame
• libavc1394
• libfaad2
• libraw1394
• mjpegtools
• OpenEXR
• theora
• x264
2.3 Compiling Cinelerra CV
2.3.1 Usual compilation process
You can install Cinelerra CV by fetching the sources and compiling them. That the method to
use if you want to compile the most up-to-date version of Cinelerra CV.
1. First you have to fetch Cinelerra CV’s sources from the SVN repository (approximately
170Mb). Run:
svn checkout svn://svn.skolelinux.org/cinelerra/trunk/hvirtual
If you already fetched the sources of an out of date revision, you can update to the latest
revision from within the ‘hvirtual’ folder by running:
svn update
If you wish to fetch an old revision, run:
svn checkout -r <revision> svn://svn.skolelinux.org/cinelerra/trunk/hvirtual
17. Chapter 2: Installation 7
2. Go in the hvirtual folder:
cd hvirtual
3. Create the ‘./configure’ file by running:
autoreconf -i --force
4. Then run the ‘.configure’ file:
./configure --with-buildinfo=svn/recompile
You can have a look at all the options available by running:
./configure --help
5. And run make:
make
If you wish to log the make output in order to search for errors, this command can be used:
make 2>&1 | tee logfile
6. Finally, install Cinelerra CV:
sudo make install
Notes:
• SMP machine:
If you compile Cinelerra CV on a multiprocessor machine (SMP), we recommend you to
add the ‘-j 3’ option to make in order to benefit from the available CPUs.
• For x86 CPUs only:
You probably want to enable MMX support. To do that, run ./configure with the
‘--enable-mmx’ option. If you do that, you may have to use the ‘--without-pic’ option
too, otherwise, compilation may fail.
• For Pentium-M:
Here are some useful compiler flags:
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-x86 --enable-mmx --enable-freetype2
--with-buildinfo=svn/recompile CFLAGS=’-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer
-funroll-all-loops -falign-loops=2 -falign-jumps=2 -falign-functions=2
-ffast-math -march=pentium-m -mfpmath=sse,387 -mmmx -msse’
• Installing several revisions:
If you wish to install several revisions of Cinelerra CV on your computer, create a
‘/usr/local_cinelerra’ folder, and use the following options with ./configure (replace
‘xxx’ by the number of the revision you are compiling):
‘--prefix=/usr/local_cinelerra/rxxx --exec-prefix=/usr/local_cinelerra/rxxx
--program-suffix=_rxxx’
If you install Cinelerra using this method, the translated ‘.po’ files do not get installed
correctly. Go in the ‘hvirtual’ directory where the sources are and run:
./configure prefix=/usr
cd po
sudo make install
You will have to run Cinelerra CV from the directory in which it is installed:
cd /usr/local_cinelerra/r960
./cinelerra_r960
• Automake version:
You need automake version 1.7 to build. 1.4 will not work. Autoconf 2.57 is also required
to build.
2.3.2 Compiling with debugging symbols
When Cinelerra CV crashes, one can compile it with debugging symbols and run it inside gdb.
The information displayed by gdb is far more detailed and will help CV developers find bugs
faster.
18. 8 Chapter 2: Installation
First, fetch the SVN sources as usual. Then, run the following commands:
cd hvirtual
nice -19 autoreconf -i --force
mkdir ../hvdbg
cd ../hvdbg
nice -19 ../hvirtual/configure CXXFLAGS=’-O0 -g’ CFLAGS=’-O0 -g’ --with-
buildinfo=svn/recompile
cd quicktime/ffmpeg
nice -19 make CFLAGS=’-O3’
cd ../..
nice -19 make
nice -19 make install
See Section 21.1 [Reporting bugs], page 155, for information about running Cinelerra inside
gdb.
2.4 Running Cinelerra
The simplest way to run Cinelerra is by running /usr/bin/cinelerra
Command line options are also available by typing cinelerra -h These options are described in
several sections below. For rendering from the command line See Chapter 19 [Rendering files],
page 129.
If you get this error message when running Cinelerra for the first time:
WARNING:/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax is 0x2000000, which is too low}
See Section 20.9.3 [Freeing more shared memory], page 147, for details.
2.5 Debian
2.5.1 Debian binaries
Andraz Tori maintains build rules for Debian Sid. He also makes binary .deb packages for Sid.
They are built from the unofficial SVN releases. Debian Sid packages can be found here:
• Apt source for i386:
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~minmax/cinelerra/builds/sid/ ./
• Apt source for Pentium4 (optimized):
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~minmax/cinelerra/builds/pentium4/ ./
• Apt source for Pentium-M (optimized):
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~minmax/cinelerra/builds/pentiumm/ ./
• Apt source for AthlonXP (optimized):
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~minmax/cinelerra/builds/athlonxp/ ./
• Apt source for Opteron (AMD64) (optimized):
deb http://giss.tv/~vale/debian64/ ./
Note: If Cinelerra produces the following error:
cinelerra: relocation error: /usr/lib/libavcodec.so.0.4.8: undefined symbol:
faacDecOpen
You can solve the problem by entering the following command as root:
apt-get install --reinstall libfaad2-0=2.0.0-0.5
2.5.2 Debian prerequisites
You need some prerequisites which are not found in Debian’s official repositories. You should add
in your ‘/etc/apt/sources.list’ the following line, which is Christian Marillat’s repository:
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org/ sid main
19. Chapter 2: Installation 9
In order to use the mirror you need to add in your gpg keyring Marillat’s gpg-key:
gpg --keyserver hkp://wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 1F41B907
gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | sudo apt-key add -
If you do not use sudo, do the following under root:
gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 | apt-key add -
2.6 Ubuntu
Muzzol built Ubuntu Edgy packages for Cinelerra. To install it with Synaptic Package Manager
go to Settings –> Repositories. In the software sources window. Make sure you have universe,
multiverse and restricted sources checked. click on tab Third Party. Click on the Add button
and enter the following repository:
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~muzzol/cinelerra/edgy-i386/ ./
Clicking Add Source will display the new repository enabled in the software sources window.
Alternatively you can add the following line directly to your ‘/etc/apt/sources.list’ file:
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~muzzol/cinelerra/edgy-i386/ ./
You should then see Cinelerra in Synaptic.
To install Cinelerra with the GDebi Package Installer, go to that page:
http://www.kiberpipa.org/~muzzol/cinelerra/edgy-i386/.
Click on cinelerra 2.1.0+svn20070109-0ubuntu1 i386.deb link. A dialog window will ask you to
confirm your intention to open this file with GDebi Package installer. If during the process
you get errors about not satisfiable dependencies, try installing the problematic library with the
same method from the same webpage.
Valentina Messeri built Ubuntu Edgy packages as well:
For Ubuntu Edgy:
deb http://giss.tv/~vale/ubuntu32 ./
deb-src http://giss.tv/~vale/ubuntu32 ./
For Ubuntu Edgy AMD64:
deb http://giss.tv/~vale/ubuntu64 ./
deb-src http://giss.tv/~vale/ubuntu64 ./
For the ones of you that would like to try compiling the software from source code, a nice
tutorial on installing Cinelerra on Ubuntu 6.10 can be found at:
http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=320701&highlight=cinelerra
Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake
Jure Cuhalev built packages for Ubuntu Dapper (with no Marillat repositories). Here are
quick instructions for installing it.
Make sure you have universe, multiverse and restricted sources enabled by checking you have
the following line uncommented in your ‘/etc/apt/sources.list’ file
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse restricted
Add the mjpegtools ubuntu backport by adding the following lines to your
‘/etc/apt/sources.list’ file
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/mjpegtools ./
Add the Cinelerra build right for your arch by adding one of the following lines to your
‘/etc/apt/sources.list’ file :
For pentium4:
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/pentium4/ ./
For i686:
20. 10 Chapter 2: Installation
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/i686/ ./
For athlonxp:
deb http://www.kiberpipa.org/~gandalf/ubuntu/dapper/cinelerra/athlonxp/ ./
Install Cinelerra by typing in your console:
apt-get update
and then
apt-get install cinelerra
2.7 Gentoo
Installation for Gentoo GNU/Linux is very straight forward. Simply type:
emerge cinelerra-cvs
as root and it should install and run with no problems. Note that you may need to put
cinelerra in your ‘/etc/portage/package.keywords’ file in order to use it:
echo quot;=media-video/cinelerra-cvs-20061020quot; >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
See http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=3&chap=3 for
details.
Note: The Gentoo ebuild media-video/cinelerra-cvs-20061020 has no editing modes icons.
See [The insertion point], page 41, for more information.
2.8 Live CDs
You can try and use Cinelerra on a computer without having to install it on the hard-drive.
This is possible by using Live CDs, that are GNU/Linux distributions which boot from a CD,
without installation on a hard drive. Here are some of the Live CD’s known to contain Cinelerra:
• Knoppix - the quot;originalquot; Debian-based LiveDistro - http://www.knoppix.org
• dyne:bolic - for multimedia production - uses Window Maker window manager -
http://www.dynebolic.org
• Elive - Debian based live CD using Enlightenment window manager -
http://www.elivecd.org
• Mediainlinux - Knoppix based - http://www.mediainlinux.org/
• pho (garbure) - dedicated to video editing - http://garbure.org/pho/
• Slo-Tech - based on Debian and Morphix - http://linux.slo-tech.com
2.9 Fedora
Cinelerra is included in the Freshrpms repository at http://freshrpms.net. The easiest way
to install packages from Freshrpms is to include the repository in the yum configuration. Also
make sure that the Fedora Extras repository is enabled. This is the case by default on Fedora
5 and 6, and Core and Extras are merged into one on Fedora 7.
On Fedora 6, as the user root do:
rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/fedora/linux/6/
freshrpms-release/freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
On Fedora 5, do:
rpm -ivh http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/fedora/linux/5/
freshrpms-release/freshrpms-release-1.1-1.fc.noarch.rpm
Then type:
21. Chapter 2: Installation 11
yum -y install cinelerra
to get and install Cinelerra and all the dependencies, including ffmpeg and mjpegtools. If
it does not work, check the ‘/etc/yum.conf’ file and make sure that the Freshrpms config gets
included from the ‘/etc/yum.repos.d’.
Notes:
• The package collection of Freshrpms may overlap and/or conflict with other third-party
repositories such as Livna, which may also carry audio and video libraries and Cinelerra. It
may be a good idea to stick with one repository and not mix packages from several different
third-party repositories.
• The header files of the various libraries are needed for compiling Cinelerra from source.
The header files are included in separate devel packages that are included in the Fedora
and Freshrpms repositories and can be installed with yum. At least the following are
required:
OpenEXR-devel SDL-devel a52dec-devel alsa-lib-devel e2fsprogs-devel faac-devel
faad2-devel ffmpeg-devel fftw-devel imlib2-devel lame-devel libXv-devel libXxf86vm-devel
libavc1394-devel libdv-devel libiec61883-devel libogg-devel libraw1394-devel libsndfile-devel
libtheora-devel libvorbis-devel mjpegtools-devel x264-devel xvidcore-devel
2.10 Mandriva
Cinelerra packages for Mandriva are made by PLF are ready to install. Read
http://plf.zarb.org/packages.php for more information.
2.11 Slackware
Rafael Diniz build Slackware packages for Cinelerra.
• For x86:
http://slack.sarava.org/packages/slackware/slackware-11.0/multimedia/
• For slackintosh:
http://slack.sarava.org/packages/slackintosh/slackintosh-11.0/multimedia/
2.12 Suse
RPMs for SuSE 9 are built from SVN sources by Kevin Brosius, and available at
http://cin.kevb.net/files/RPM/
RPMs for OpenSUSE 10.1 and 10.2, architecture i586 and x86 64, are
built from SVN by Leon Freitag at Packman. They are available at
http://packman.links2linux.org/package/cinelerra/16413.
The RPM package(s) can be installed as root in a terminal using this command:
rpm -Uvh package_name.rpm
The following installation case shows four screenshots for a GUI based Cinelerra SVN instal-
lation on OpenSUSE 10.2 i586 using YaST2. First by adding packman’s YaST2 repository as a
YaST2 Installation source, and next the package installation with the YaST2 Software Manager.
Start the YaST Control center on OpenSUSE 10.2 and add the root password when requested:
22. 12 Chapter 2: Installation
Start the YaST2 installation source tool, select the HTTP protocol and add the servername
for packman as shown. Synchronization with Zenworks may take some time, wait until it is
finished.
Start the YaST2 Software Management. Enter quot;Cinelerraquot; in the left search field and next
check the checkboxes for the Cinelerra packages in the right window. If an older version of
Cinelerra is installed on beforehand visible with a lock symbol, delete it, possibly try an update
first.
23. Chapter 2: Installation 13
Click Accept to start the package installation and afterwards Next to finish.
2.13 MacOSX
FIXME
25. Chapter 3: Configuration 15
3 Configuration
Because of its flexibility, Cinelerra cannot be optimized without special configuration for your
specific needs. Unfortunately, very few parameters are adjustable at compile time. Therefore,
runtime configuration is the only option for most users because of the multitude of parameters
available.
Below are configuration options as well as the supported API’s in GNU/Linux.
In Cinelerra, go to settings->preferences to see the options.
3.1 Environment variables
In UNIX derivatives, environment variables are global variables in the shell which all applications
can read. They are set with a command like set VARIABLE=value. All the environment vari-
ables can be viewed with a command like env. Cinelerra recognizes the following environment
variables:
• LADSPA PATH
If you want to use LADSPA plugins, this must be defined: a colon separated list of directories
to search for LADSPA plugins. These are not native Cinelerra plugins. See Chapter 15
[Ladspa effects], page 115.
• GLOBAL PLUGIN DIR
The directory in which Cinelerra should look for native plugins. The default is
‘/usr/lib/cinelerra’ but you may need an alternate directory if you share the same
executable directory among many machines via NFS. Plugins of different binary formats
need to be in different directories.
• LANG
Cinelerra can be localized to display menus and messages in many languages. Cinelerra
language settings are normally read from your GNU/Linux language settings. To run
Cinelerra on a language different than the one selected on your system just change the
LANG environment variable.
For example, open a shell and type: export LANG=es_ES, then run cinelerra from the
same shell. It will open set on the Spanish language.
Available languages are:
• en EN - English
• es ES - Espanol
• sl SI - Slovenian
• fr FR - Francais
• eu ES - Euskera
• de DE - German
• pt BR - Brazilian Portuguese
• it IT - Italian
If you installed Cinelerra CV by compiling the sources, and you specified a ‘--prefix=’
option different from ‘/usr/local’, the translated files were probably not installed. See
Section 2.3.1 [Usual compilation process], page 6, for more information.
3.2 Audio drivers
The audio drivers are used for both recording and playback. Their functionality is described
below:
26. 16 Chapter 3: Configuration
3.2.1 Sound driver attributes
• Device path
Usually a file in the ‘/dev/’ directory which controls the device.
• Bits
The number of bits of precision Cinelerra should set the device for. This sometimes has a
figurative meaning. Some sound drivers need to be set to 32 bits to perform 24 bit playback
and will not play anything when set to 24 bits. Some sound drivers need to be set to 24
bits for 24 bit playback.
• Port
The IEEE1394 standard specifies something known as the port. This is probably the firewire
card number.
• Channel
The IEEE1394 standard specifies something known as the channel. For DV cameras it is
always 63.
• Device
The chosen device.
• Stop playback locks up
This ALSA only checkbox is needed if stopping playback causes the software to lock up.
3.2.2 OSS
This was the first GNU/Linux sound driver. It had an open source implementation and a
commercial implementation with more sound cards supported. It was the standard sound driver
up to GNU/Linux 2.4. It still is the only sound driver which an i386 binary can use when
running on an x86 64 system.
3.2.3 OSS Envy24
The commercial version of OSS had a variant for 24 bit 96 KHz soundcards. This variant
required significant changes to the way the sound drivers were used, hence the need for the new
driver.
3.2.4 Alsa
ALSA is the most common sound driver in GNU/Linux 2.6. It supports most of soundcards now.
It takes advantage of low latency features in GNU/Linux 2.6 to get better performance than
OSS had in 2.4, but roughly the same performance that OSS had in 2.0. Unfortunately ALSA
is constantly changing. A program which works with it one day may not the next day. New
wrappers are being developed on top of ALSA. We plan to support them at regular intervals,
though not at every new release of a new wrapper.
ALSA is no longer portable between i386 and x86 64. If an i386 binary tries to play back on an
x86 64 kernel, it will crash. For this scenario, use OSS.
3.2.5 Esound
ESOUND was a sound server that sat on top of OSS. It was written for a window manager
called Enlightenment. It supports a limited number of bits and has high latency compared to
more modern drivers, but it does have the ability to multiplex multiple audio sources. It is
unknown whether it still works.
3.2.6 Raw 1394
The was the first interface between GNU/Linux software and firewire camcorders. It is the
least reliable way to play audio to a camcorder and consists of a library on top of the kernel
commands.
27. Chapter 3: Configuration 17
3.2.7 DV 1394
This is the second rewrite of DV camcorder support in GNU/Linux. This is the most reliable
way to play audio to a camcorder and consists of direct kernel commands.
3.2.8 IEC 61883
The third rewrite of DV camcorder support in GNU/Linux. This is a library on top of RAW
1394 which is a library on top of the kernel commands. It is less reliable than DV 1394 but more
reliable than RAW 1394. The next rewrite ought to fix that. Visit http://www.linux1394.org
for more information and the latest drivers.
3.3 Video drivers
The video drivers are used for video playback in the compositor and the viewer.
3.3.1 Video driver attributes
• Display
The interface is intended for dual monitor displays. Depending on the value of Display, the
Compositor window will appear on a different monitor from the rest of the windows.
• Device path
Usually a file in the ‘/dev/’ directory which controls the device.
• Swap fields
Make the even lines odd and the odd lines even when sending to the device. On an NTSC
or 1080i monitor the fields may need to be swapped to prevent jittery motion.
• Output channel
You may need a specific connector to send video out to devices with multiple outputs.
• Port
The IEEE1394 standard specifies something known as the port. This is probably the firewire
card number.
• Channel
The IEEE1394 standard specifies something known as the channel. For DV cameras it is
always 63.
3.3.2 X11
This was the first method of graphical display on any UNIX system. It just writes the RGB
triplet for each pixel directly to the window. It is the slowest playback method. It is still useful
as a fallback when graphics hardware can not handle very large frames.
3.3.3 X11-XV
This was an enhancement to X11 in 1999. It converts YUV to RGB in hardware with scaling.
It is the preferred playback method but can not handle large frame sizes. The maximum video
size for XV is usually 1920x1080.
3.3.4 X11-OpenGL
The most powerful video playback method is OpenGL. With this driver, most effects are done
in hardware. OpenGL allows video sizes up to the maximum texture size, which is usually larger
than what XV supports, depending on the graphics driver. To enable it you will need a binary
built with OpenGL support. The configure option to enable OpenGL is ‘--enable-opengl’.
You need a video card which supports OpenGL 2.0. Recent Nvidia video cards should work.
You also need to use a video driver supporting OpenGL 2.0, such as Nvidia’s binary driver. To
know if your video driver supports OpenGL 2.0, type the following command: glxinfo | grep
quot;OpenGL versionquot;
28. 18 Chapter 3: Configuration
• Video driver supporting hardware OpenGL 2.0 rendering:
OpenGL version string: 2.0.2 NVIDIA 87.74
• Video driver not supporting hardware OpenGL 2.0 rendering:
OpenGL version string: 1.4 (2.0.2 NVIDIA 87.74)
OpenGL relies on PBuffers and shaders to do video rendering. The graphics driver must
support OpenGL 2.0 and Cinelerra needs to be explicitly compiled with OpenGL 2.0 support.
This requires compiling it on a system with the OpenGL 2.0 headers. PBuffers are known to
be fickle. If the graphics card does not have enough memory or does not have the right visuals,
PBuffers will not work. If OpenGL does not work, try seeking several frames or restarting
Cinelerra.
Limitations:
• OpenGL does not affect rendering. It just accelerates playback.
• X11-OpenGL processes everything in 8 bit color models, although the difference between
YUV and RGB is retained.
• OpenGL does not work with frames whose size is larger than 4096x4096.
Here is what is written in the console when working with large frames:
BC_Texture::create_texture frame size <frame_width>x<frame_height> bigger
than maximum texture 4096x4096.
• The scaling equation set in the preferences window is ignored by OpenGL. OpenGL always
uses linear scaling.
• Project and track sizes need to be multiples of four for OpenGL to work.
• To get the most acceleration, OpenGL-enabled effects must be placed after software-only
effects. All rendering before the last software-only effect is done in software. The core
Cinelerra operations like camera and projector are OpenGL.
• Not all of the effects support OpenGL acceleration. The following effects support OpenGL:
Brightness, Chromakey, Chromakeyhsv, Color balance, Deinterlace, Diffkey, Dissolve, Flip,
Frames to fields, Freeze frame, Gamma, Gradient, Histogram, Hue saturation, Interpolate
Pixels, Invert video, Linear blur, Overlay, Perspective, Radial blur, RGB601, Rotate, Scale,
Threshold, Zoomblur.
3.3.5 Buz
This is a method for playing motion JPEG-A files directly to a composite analog signal. It uses
a popular hack of the Video4Linux 1 driver from 2000 to decompress JPEG in hardware. Even
though analog output is largely obsolete, newer drivers have replaced BUZ.
3.3.6 Raw 1394 video playback
This was the first interface between GNU/Linux software and firewire camcorders. It is the
least reliable way to play video to a camcorder and it consists of a library on top of the kernel
commands.
3.3.7 DV 1394 video playback
The second rewrite of DV camcorder support in GNU/Linux. This was the most reliable way
to play video to a camcorder and consists of direct kernel commands.
3.3.8 IEC 61883 video playback
The third rewrite of DV camcorder support in GNU/Linux. This is a library on top of RAW
1394 and is less reliable than DV 1394 but more reliable than RAW 1394. The next rewrite
ought to fix that. Visit http://www.linux1394.org for more information and the latest drivers.
29. Chapter 3: Configuration 19
3.4 Playback
3.4.1 Audio out
These determine what happens when you play sound from the timeline.
• Playback buffer size
For playing audio, small fragments of sound are read from disk and processed sequentially
in a virtual console. A larger value here causes more latency when you change mixing
parameters but yields more reliable playback.
Some sound drivers do not allow changing of the console fragment, so latency is unchanged
no matter what the value.
Previously, a good way of ensuring high quality playback was to read bigger fragments from
the disk and break them into smaller fragments for the soundcard. That changed when
the virtual console moved from the push model to the pull model. Since different stages
of the rendering pipeline can change the rate of the incoming data, it would be difficult to
disconnect the size of the console fragments from the size of the fragments read from disk.
• Audio offset
The ability to tell the exact playback position on GNU/Linux sound drivers is poor, if it
is provided at all. Since this information is required for proper video synchronization, it
has to be accurate. The audio offset allows users to adjust the position returned by the
sound driver in order to reflect reality. The audio offset does not affect the audio playback
or rendering at all. It merely changes the synchronization of video playback.
The easiest way to set the audio offset is to create a timeline with one video track and one
audio track. Expand the audio track and center the audio pan. The frame rate should be
larger than 24 fps and the sampling rate should be greater than 32000. The frame size
should be small enough for your computer to render it at the full framerate. Highlight a
region of the timeline starting at 10 seconds and ending at 20 seconds. Drop a gradient
effect on the video track and configure it to be clearly visible. Drop a synthesizer effect on
the audio and configure it to be clearly audible.
Play the timeline from 0 and watch to see if the gradient effect starts exactly when the
audio starts. If it does not, expand the audio track and adjust the nudge. If the audio
starts ahead of the video, decrease the nudge value. If the audio starts after the video,
increase the nudge value. Once the tracks play back synchronized, copy the nudge value to
the audio offset value in preferences.
Note: if you change sound drivers or you change the value of Use software for positioning
information, you will need to change the audio offset because different sound drivers are
unequally inaccurate.
• View follows playback
This causes the timeline window to scroll when the playback cursor moves. This can bog
down the X Server or cause the timeline window to lock up for long periods of time while
drawing the assets.
• Use software for positioning information
Most soundcards and sound drivers do not give reliable information on the number of
samples the card has played. You need this information for synchronization when playing
back video. This option causes the sound driver to be ignored and a software timer to be
used for synchronization.
• Audio playback in realtime
Back in the days when 150 MHz was the maximum speed for a personal computer, this
setting allowed uninterrupted playback during periods of heavy load. It forces the audio
playback to the highest priority in the kernel. Today, it is most useful for achieving very low