This document discusses child labor, including forms of child labor like slavery and debt bondage, causes like poverty and low wages, and consequences like physical injuries and long term health problems. It provides statistics on the global prevalence of child labor, noting that 152 million children are victims of child labor worldwide. Regarding Pakistan specifically, it states that out of 40 million children in Pakistan, approximately 19 million are child laborers, with over 12.5 million involved in hazardous work. The document also outlines relevant laws in Pakistan and internationally, as well as ways to prevent child labor like providing education and awareness programs.
Child labour refers to work done by children under 14-15 years old that deprives them of their childhood. The document states that 218 million children globally are child labourers, with 126 million engaged in hazardous work. Agriculture accounts for 76.9% of child labour in India. Problems children face include abuse, long work hours with limited pay, dangerous working conditions leading to disease, inability to access education, and perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Solutions proposed include strict laws against employing children, stronger implementation of education rights, financial aid for education, more adult employment opportunities, and citizens ensuring they do not employ child labour.
The document summarizes India's national policy and key legislation related to children's health, welfare, and rights. It outlines that India has constitutional protections for children and was one of the first countries to adopt a National Policy for Children in 1974 to promote their development. It describes several important acts that legislate areas like child marriage, labor, juvenile justice, breastfeeding promotion, sex selection, and rights of children with disabilities. The national plan of action and prime minister's monitoring of child health targets are also summarized.
The document discusses children's rights in India, including key milestones and laws/policies related to children's rights. It summarizes that the Constitution of India guarantees special protections for children, and that 40% of India's population is under 18. It then discusses definitions of a child, classifications of children's rights as provision, protection and participation, and highlights several important acts related to children's welfare, education, labor and justice in India.
This topic contains introduction of child rights, Defination Child and Child Rights, Types of Rights,Child rights of Nepal (2018), UNICEF Rights of Child, Suggestion and recommendation, Reference
The document discusses a student thanking various people who helped with completing their school project successfully and on time. The student thanks their teacher for moral support, guidance on their topic, and for being patient and helpful. The student also thanks their parents for helping gather information, collect data, and provide ideas to make the project unique, despite their busy schedules.
This document discusses juvenile delinquency, including its definition, causes, characteristics, prevention, and legal measures. It notes that juvenile delinquency is conduct by juveniles that violates the law and is beyond parental control. Key causes discussed include family environment, peer influence, social/community factors, and individual risk factors like low intelligence. Prevention strategies covered are education, recreation, community involvement, and specialized programs. The role of schools, child guidance clinics, and legislation are also summarized.
'Child Rights in India' Presented by Mr. Nandeesh Y D at an International Conference. You can request for a copy of the presentation at ydnandeesh@gmail.com
Child marriage is a significant problem in India, with over 15 million children married each year and 15.4 million expected to be married by 2030. The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act was passed in 2006 to address issues with previous laws and allow children forced into marriage to annul their marriages. Child marriage occurs mainly due to tradition, gender roles, poverty, and security concerns. It negatively impacts girls' education, health, and economic opportunities and increases their risk of violence and HIV/AIDS. To address this problem, communities must be educated, girls empowered, and traditional leaders and men engaged to change social norms.
The document provides an introduction to child rights. It discusses key concepts like the definition of a child, importance of child rights, evolution of child rights including major international conventions like the UNCRC. It explains the four guiding principles of UNCRC - non-discrimination, best interests of the child, right to survival and development, and respect for the views of the child. It also outlines the different types of child rights like rights necessary for existence, protection rights and development rights as defined in the UNCRC.
This document provides information about adoption services in India. It defines adoption as voluntarily taking a child of other parents as one's own, in compliance with legal procedures. The eligibility requirements for adoption are outlined for Hindus, Muslims, Christians and others. It also discusses the adoption of orphaned, surrendered or abandoned children under the Juvenile Justice Act. The procedures for a valid adoption under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act and Guardian and Wards Act are described in two steps. Key adoption facts such as age limits and special aspects are also mentioned.
Module 1: Child Protection in Pakistan, Basic Concepts and Alternative CareSaleem Bokhari
This Training Module is Developed specifically for the staff of Alternative Child Care Institutions in Pakistan. This is one of several other training modules developed by Trainer. #ChildAbuse #ChildSexualAbuse #ChildProtection.
Read my research articles below for details
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0272684X19861578
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33906542/
Syed Saleem Abbas
This document outlines the developmental problems and needs of children from infancy through adolescence. It discusses common issues like colic and temper tantrums in infancy and toddlerhood. Needs include promoting healthy growth, learning, nutrition, sleep and safety. Issues for preschoolers include lying and masturbation, while school-aged children may experience bullying, abuse and latchkey situations. Adolescent problems involve violence, substance abuse and developing identity. Behavioral disorders that can affect children include ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression and conduct disorders. The document provides information to support healthy development at each stage of childhood.
Juvenile delinquency refers to illegal acts committed by minors under the age of majority. The document discusses various definitions and perspectives on delinquency, including psychological, religious, and biological views. It outlines common characteristics of delinquent youth such as temperament and social factors. Causes of delinquency discussed include hereditary, environmental, and family-related influences. The document concludes with recommendations for educating delinquent youth, including admission to normal schools, counseling, modifying behavior, and addressing underlying causes.
This document summarizes several Indian laws related to children's rights and welfare. It discusses laws around juvenile justice, education, child labor protection, marriage age limits, healthcare access, abuse prevention and treatment, adoption and foster care, and sexual offenses. The key laws covered are the Juvenile Justice Act (1986), Right to Education, Child Labor Protection Act, Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929), Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975), and Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (1974).
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative was launched in 1992 in India to promote breastfeeding. It is based on the Innocenti Declaration from the 1990s and the WHO/UNICEF "Ten Steps of Successful Breastfeeding." Hospitals that adopt this initiative must have a written breastfeeding policy and training, inform mothers of breastfeeding benefits, and help initiate breastfeeding within 30 minutes of birth.
Juvenile delinquency is a gateway to adult crime, since a large percentage of criminal careers have their roots in childhood causing serious problems all over the world. Delinquency has always been considered as a social problem over and above the fact that it is a legal problem it is also a psychological problem. Hence to avoid this social evil one has to tackle the complex problem of delinquency from the social psychological and to familial angles.
Although laws regarding Juvenile delinquencies have been formed long since, they are also being changed from time to time. Currently, in all the progressive and civilized countries of the world the laws with regard to the Juvenile delinquents have been changed.
Murder, rape, dacoity, burglary, kidnapping are a few more that add to the rest of it. On the basis of the available statistics, an inference can be drawn that these crimes are on the increasing path.
On the whole, current efforts to fight juvenile delinquency are characterized by the lack of systematic action and the absence of task-oriented and effective social work with both offenders and victims, whether real or potential.
This document discusses child labour, defining it as the use of children as workers in dangerous or exploitative conditions. It outlines different types of child labour such as trafficking, mining, manufacturing, and domestic work. Some key facts are provided, such as India having over 4 million child labourers, the highest number of any country. Causes of child labour are listed as poverty, lack of access to education, and violations of existing laws. The document also discusses Indian laws related to child labour and ways to help stop the practice, such as ensuring access to education, individual action, and support for advocacy organizations.
This document provides an overview of child labor in India. It begins with an introduction defining child labor and its harmful effects. It then outlines the main categories, causes, and consequences of child labor in India. Some key facts and statistics about the prevalence of child labor in India are presented. The document also discusses the major child labor laws and initiatives in India to address this issue. In conclusion, while progress has been made, child labor remains a significant challenge in India.
Child labour remains a significant problem in India. An estimated 218 million children aged 5-17 are engaged in child labour, including 126 million in hazardous work. Poverty is a major driving factor, as many families rely on children's work for survival. Child labour hinders children's education and development, and exposes them to physical and psychological risks. While laws and policies prohibit the worst forms of child labour, implementation challenges remain. Non-profits work to rehabilitate children and advocate for their rights, but continued awareness efforts and social reforms are needed to fully address the roots of the issue.
This document provides an overview of child labor in India. It discusses categories and causes of child labor such as poverty, lack of education, and growth of the informal economy. The document also examines consequences of child labor including negative impacts on children's health, education, and development. It provides statistics on child labor in India and outlines laws and initiatives to address the issue, but notes child labor remains a significant challenge.
The Presentation contains all the details related to Child Labour in India. The causes of Child Labour to the Forward steps that need to be taken to prevent child labour.
The presentation also details about a very well known NGO - Bachpan Bachao Andolan which is working on preventing Child Labour since ages.
- Ashmita Nahar
Child Labor and its devastating effects on societytarikulnehal
This document discusses child labor in Bangladesh and its impact on Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). It defines child labor and outlines the key causes in Bangladesh such as poverty and economic hardship. National legislation prohibits employment of children under 14, but enforcement is lacking. Statistics from 1995-1996 estimate 6.6 million working children, most in agriculture. While rules prohibit child labor in EPZs, some children are still employed there due to lack of enforcement. NGOs are working to raise awareness and push for a time-bound program to eliminate child labor.
This document provides an overview of child labour in India. It discusses categories and causes of child labour such as poverty, lack of education, and growth of the informal economy. The document also examines consequences like illiteracy and health issues. Statistics are presented on numbers of child labourers. Indian laws banning child labour are summarized. Despite laws, child labour remains a significant problem. Non-profits work to reduce child labour but concerted public and private efforts are still needed.
This document provides an overview of child labour in India. It discusses categories and causes of child labour such as poverty, lack of education, and growth of the informal economy. The document also outlines consequences of child labour including negative impacts on children's health, education, and development. It provides statistics on child labour in India and discusses laws and initiatives to address the issue, but notes child labour remains a significant challenge.
This document discusses child labor in India. It begins with an introduction and then outlines various categories, causes, consequences, facts, and statistics related to child labor. The major causes discussed include poverty, lack of education, and growth of the informal economy. Consequences include children not receiving education and physical and mental harm. The document also outlines India's child labor laws and initiatives by NGOs and the government to address the issue. It concludes that child labor remains a significant challenge and will require concerted efforts from all parts of society to effectively address.
This presentation discusses child labour in India, including its causes, statistics, consequences, and laws. It provides an overview of the key topics covered, which are: definitions and categories of child labour; statistics on child labour in India and the states with the highest numbers; primary causes like poverty and lack of education; consequences like physical and mental impacts; and India's laws and initiatives to address child labour.
Child labour refers to the employment of children that is exploitative or prevents their access to education. It exists primarily due to poverty but is also driven by global demand for cheap goods. Millions of children work in exploitative conditions across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and India, particularly in agriculture. While India has laws against child labour, enforcement is ineffective and it remains a significant problem. International organizations are working to eliminate child labour but progress has been uneven across regions and more efforts are still needed.
Child labour is work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children, and that interferes with their schooling by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school; obliging them to leave school prematurely, or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.
Child labour is a violation of fundamental human rights and has been shown to hinder children's development, potentially leading to lifelong physical or psychological damage.
There are many different forms of child labour, including:
Agriculture: Children are often exploited in agriculture, working long hours in hazardous conditions.
Mining: Children are often forced to work in dangerous mines, where they are exposed to toxic chemicals and dust.
Manufacturing: Children are often employed in factories, working long hours in dangerous conditions.
Domestic work: Children are often forced to work as domestic servants, often subjected to abuse.
Street work: Children are often forced to work on the streets, begging, selling goods, or engaging in other activities that expose them to danger.
Child labour is a complex issue with many causes, including poverty, lack of education, and lack of access to other opportunities. Many things can be done to address child labour, including:
Enacting and enforcing child labour laws: Governments must enact and enforce child labour laws protecting children from exploitation.
Providing education and training: Governments need to provide education and training to children so that they have other options besides work.
Promoting economic development: Economic development can help to reduce poverty, which is one of the root causes of child labour.
Supporting families: Governments need to support families so that they can afford to send their children to school instead of work.
Child labour is a serious problem, but it can be solved. By working together, we can create a world where all children have the opportunity to reach their full potential.
1. The document discusses child labor, defining it as work done by children under 18 that harms them physically, mentally, or blocks education.
2. It provides statistics on child labor globally and in Pakistan, noting that 120 million children work worldwide and 3.8 million in Pakistan, many in agriculture and manufacturing.
3. The document outlines factors that contribute to child labor like poverty, lack of education, urbanization, and discusses how to eliminate it through policies, laws, enforcement, and education.
Child Rights in India
Stakeholder’s Report on Universal Periodic Review III
This report has been submitted by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights, New Delhi and endorsed by following organisations/ Coalitions and Networks
Contact with
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
This document discusses child labor in India. It provides statistics on the number of children involved in labor and reasons for its existence, like poverty, lack of access to education, and exploitation. The consequences of child labor are explained as physical and mental health issues. Indian laws aimed at prohibiting hazardous child labor and regulating work conditions are summarized. The conclusion calls for public involvement to control child labor through reporting and supporting government efforts.
Child labor is a major social and economic problem in Pakistan. According to surveys, there are 3.8 million child laborers in Pakistan under the age of 18, with 50% between the ages of 5-9. Most (73%) of these child laborers are boys working in the agriculture sector. Causes of child labor include poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, population growth, and exploitation by employers. Child labor can have serious negative physical and psychological impacts on children such as injuries, poisoning, stunted growth, and long-term health problems. The government has enacted laws against child labor and has been working to enforce these laws while also rehabilitating children and improving their families' economic conditions.
The document discusses child labor, defining it as work performed by children below the legal age that is considered exploitative and harmful. It notes that over 158 million children worldwide are engaged in child labor, particularly in developing countries where poverty is a major driving factor. The document outlines international agreements and organizations that aim to eliminate the worst forms of child labor, including the UNICEF, ILO, and conventions setting minimum employment ages and prohibiting hazardous work. Examples are given of country-specific programs in India, Morocco, and Senegal that work to reduce child labor through education, vocational training, and economic measures. In conclusion, the document stresses the importance of implementing international regulations to abolish child labor and ensure children's
The document discusses child labour, defining it as the employment of children in regular and sustained labour. It provides statistics on the estimated number of children engaged in child labour worldwide and in hazardous situations. Child labour is considered exploitative and illegal in many countries. The minimum age for employment varies between countries. While there has been progress in reducing child labour, it remains a significant issue globally and within India due to factors such as poverty, poor education quality, and lack of awareness. Several NGOs work within India to support rehabilitation of child labourers and promote education.
This document discusses child labour in India, including its causes, impacts, and government efforts to address it. It notes that over 12 million children in India are engaged in child labour according to 2001 census data. Child labour negatively impacts children's health, growth, and education. Hazardous industries like fireworks, carpet weaving, and household work often exploit child labour. Poverty, lack of access to education, and willingness of employers to exploit children are among the key drivers. The government has enacted laws against child labour and rehabilitative programs, but enforcement remains a challenge, and child labour continues to be a significant problem in India.
Physiological Development Of Children Engaged In Child Labor...........1Zulkifal Yousaf
Physiological Development of Children Engaged in Child Labour in Pakistan presents information on child labor in Pakistan. It states that over 3.8 million children between ages 5-14 work in Pakistan, many in hazardous conditions. Common causes of child labor include overpopulation, poverty, and illiteracy. Consequences can include physical injuries, malnutrition, and long term health issues. Both government and non-government organizations are taking initiatives to address this issue through education programs, advocacy, and enforcement of child labor laws.
This document discusses child labor in India, including causes such as poverty and lack of access to education. It notes that while India ratified the UN Convention on Children's Rights in 1992 guaranteeing children's rights to survival, development, protection, and participation, children's interests have not been given proper priority. The document provides statistics on the demographics of child labor in India, such as the number of children engaged in hazardous industries like mining and domestic work. It also outlines government policies and initiatives to address child labor, including various Acts passed since the 1940s as well as NGO efforts. However, it notes that child labor remains a major challenge.
Stuttering modification therapy aims to make stuttering less severe and reduce fear and avoidance of stuttering. The goals are to reduce anxiety, increase acceptance of stuttering, reduce motor tension, eliminate avoidance behaviors, and learn new behaviors. Techniques include cancellation, pull-outs, and preparatory sets to help patients stutter in a more relaxed way. The end goal is for individuals to become confident communicators who can act as their own clinicians and voluntarily seek out communication situations.
The document provides an overview of the forebrain and midbrain divisions of the human brain. It defines the brain and its primary divisions. The forebrain, which is the largest division, controls many senses and contains further structures like the thalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. The midbrain, located between the hindbrain and forebrain, facilitates reflex eye movements, auditory and visual processing, and contains the tectum and tegmentum.
The inner ear contains the bony and membranous labyrinths which house the organs of balance and hearing. The bony labyrinth consists of the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea. The membranous labyrinth sits within the bony labyrinth and contains the cochlear duct, saccule, utricle, and three semicircular ducts. The inner ear is filled with two fluids - perilymph surrounds the membranous labyrinth while endolymph fills its chambers. The inner ear detects sound and balance with the help of these fluids and is innervated by the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Anatomy & Physiology of large intestineiqraIrshad14
The large intestine, also called the large bowel, is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract. It consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The large intestine absorbs water from wastes to create stool for storage and then expulsion from the body. It plays an important role in reabsorption of water, conversion of waste, and housing beneficial bacteria.
This document discusses several congenital diseases of the larynx, including supraglottic anomalies like laryngomalacia, laryngocele, and lymphangioma. Glottic anomalies covered are laryngeal web, laryngeal atresia, and vocal cord paralysis. Subglottic anomalies discussed are subglottic stenosis, subglottic hemangioma, and laryngeal and laryngotracheal esophagus cleft. Each condition is defined and their primary signs and symptoms are outlined.
Primitive reflexes are involuntary movements exhibited by normal infants that originate in the central nervous system. Some of the main primitive reflexes include the Moro reflex, which causes infants to spread their arms out when startled; the palmer grasp reflex, where infants' fingers close around objects placed in their hands; and the Babinski reflex, where an infant's big toe moves upward when the sole of the foot is stroked. These reflexes develop in utero or during early infancy and typically disappear by 6-24 months as the infant's motor skills mature.
This document discusses articulatory phonetics and the production of speech sounds. It explains that speech is produced through three main processes: the air stream mechanism, phonation, and articulation. Articulatory phonetics can be divided into voice, placement of articulators, and manner of articulation. It also discusses coarticulation and how sounds influence each other during production. Finally, it covers acoustic considerations of speech including frequency, intensity, pitch, and suprasegmental features like stress, intonation, rhythm, and word juncture.
This document discusses laryngeal trauma, or injury to the voice box. It begins by describing the anatomy and function of the larynx. It then classifies laryngeal injuries as either blunt, penetrating, iatrogenic, or from inhalation. Common causes are automobile accidents, blows to the neck, and penetrating sharp objects. Pathology can range from bruising to fractures of the laryngeal framework. Clinical features include respiratory distress, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and pain in the larynx. Diagnostic evaluation involves laryngoscopy and CT imaging. Treatment may involve vocal rest, steroids, antibiotics, laryngectomy, or open reduction surgery to repair fractures and tissue damage.
This document discusses visual perceptual and motor disorders, which affect how a person understands and copies visual information. Key components of visual processing include visual cognition, memory, pattern recognition, scanning, and attention. Symptoms include difficulties copying, navigating, reading, and with fine motor tasks. The visual process involves input from the eyes to the brain, and components like visual fields and acuity. Issues can include problems with discrimination, figure-ground perception, sequencing, visual-motor skills, and memory. Suggested strategies include accommodations for writing and copying tasks.
This document discusses activities to develop receptive language skills in children. It defines receptive language as the ability to understand words, sentences, and meanings. There are four main areas of receptive language: following directions, understanding questions, understanding grammar, and vocabulary. Some suggested activities to develop these skills include question games, direction games like Simon Says, puzzle games, reading games, and working on memory skills through visualization, rehearsal, chunking, and visual reminders. Everyday activities like naming items and explaining new concepts in multiple ways can also help improve receptive language.
Plato and Aristotle's Views on Poetry by V.Jesinthal Maryjessintv
PPT on Plato and Aristotle's Views on Poetry prepared by Mrs.V.Jesinthal Mary, Dept of English and Foreign Languages(EFL),SRMIST Science and Humanities ,Ramapuram,Chennai-600089
PRESS RELEASE - UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, JULY 16, 2024.pdfnservice241
The University of Ghana has launched a new vision and strategic plan, which will focus on transforming lives and societies through unparalleled scholarship, innovation, and result-oriented discoveries.
Open Source and AI - ByWater Closing Keynote Presentation.pdfJessica Zairo
ByWater Solutions, a leader in open-source library software, will discuss the future of open-source AI Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAGs). Discover how these cutting-edge technologies can transform information access and management in special libraries. Dive into the open-source world, where transparency and collaboration drive innovation, and learn how these can enhance the precision and efficiency of information retrieval.
This session will highlight practical applications and showcase how open-source solutions can empower your library's growth.
Topics to be Covered
Beginning of Pedagogy
What is Pedagogy?
Definition of Pedagogy
Features of Pedagogy
What Is Pedagogy In Teaching?
What Is Teacher Pedagogy?
What Is The Pedagogy Approach?
What are Pedagogy Approaches?
Teaching and Learning Pedagogical approaches?
Importance of Pedagogy in Teaching & Learning
Role of Pedagogy in Effective Learning
Pedagogy Impact on Learner
Pedagogical Skills
10 Innovative Learning Strategies For Modern Pedagogy
Types of Pedagogy
How to Use Pre Init hook in Odoo 17 -Odoo 17 SlidesCeline George
In Odoo, Hooks are Python methods or functions that are invoked at specific points during the execution of Odoo's processing cycle. The pre-init hook is a method provided by the Odoo framework to execute custom code before the initialization of the module's data. ie, it works before the module installation.
APM event held on 9 July in Bristol.
Speaker: Roy Millard
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome back to Bristol Roy Millard, of APM’s Assurance Interest Group on 9 July 2024, to talk about project reviews and hopefully answer all your questions.
Roy outlined his extensive career and his experience in setting up the APM’s Assurance Specific Interest Group, as they were known then.
Using Mentimeter, he asked a number of questions of the audience about their experience of project reviews and what they wanted to know.
Roy discussed what a project review was and examined a number of definitions, including APM’s Bok: “Project reviews take place throughout the project life cycle to check the likely or actual achievement of the objectives specified in the project management plan”
Why do we do project reviews? Different stakeholders will have different views about this, but usually it is about providing confidence that the project will deliver the expected outputs and benefits, that it is under control.
There are many types of project reviews, including peer reviews, internal audit, National Audit Office, IPA, etc.
Roy discussed the principles behind the Three Lines of Defence Model:, First line looks at management controls, policies, procedures, Second line at compliance, such as Gate reviews, QA, to check that controls are being followed, and third Line is independent external reviews for the organisations Board, such as Internal Audit or NAO audit.
Factors which affect project reviews include the scope, level of independence, customer of the review, team composition and time.
Project Audits are a special type of project review. They are generally more independent, formal with clear processes and audit trails, with a greater emphasis on compliance. Project reviews are generally more flexible and informal, but should be evidence based and have some level of independence.
Roy looked at 2 examples of where reviews went wrong, London Underground Sub-Surface Upgrade signalling contract, and London’s Garden Bridge. The former had poor 3 lines of defence, no internal audit and weak procurement skills, the latter was a Boris Johnson vanity project with no proper governance due to Johnson’s pressure and interference.
Roy discussed the principles of assurance reviews from APM’s Guide to Integrated Assurance (Free to Members), which include: independence, accountability, risk based, and impact, etc
Human factors are important in project reviews. The skills and knowledge of the review team, building trust with the project team to avoid defensiveness, body language, and team dynamics, which can only be assessed face to face, active listening, flexibility and objectively.
Click here for further content: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/a-beginner-s-guide-to-project-reviews-everything-you-wanted-to-know-but-were-too-afraid-to-ask/
2. CONTENT
Introduction
Forms of child labor
Risk factors/ causes
Consequences of child labor
Prevalence of child labor globally
Child labor in Pakistan
Laws
Prevention of child labor
2
3. WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR?
Negation of childhood and child
education and development
Harms them or exploits them in
someway
(physically, mentally, socially,
morally)
Lack of potential and dignity
3
5. FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR
Slavery
Child trafficking
(sexual exploitation & prostitution)
Debt bondage
Serfdom (status of many peasants under feudalism)
Forced labour
5
7. CONSEQUENCES FOR CHILDREN
Physical injuries
Pesticide poisoning
Growth deficiency
Long term health problems
Sexually transmitted diseases
7
8. PREVALENCE OF CHILD LABOUR
Worldwide 218 million children between 5 and 17 years are in employment.
Among them, 152 million are victims of child labour; almost half of them, 73 million, work
in hazardous child labour (ILO, 2017).
According to International Labor Organization (2017), prevalence of child labor is: 1 in 5
children in Africa (19.6%) are in child labor, whilst prevalence in other regions is between
3% and 7%: 2.9% in the Arab States (1 in 35 children); 4.1% in Europe and Central Asia (1
in 25); 5.3%in the Americas (1 in 19) and 7.4% in Asia and the Pacific region (1 in 140).
Child labor is concentrated primarily in agriculture (71%), which includes fishing, forestry,
livestock herding and aquaculture, and comprises both subsistence and commercial
farming; 17% in Services; and 12% in the Industrial sector, including mining (ILO, 2017).
8
9. CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN
According to a survey conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics (, out
of the estimated 40 million children in Pakistan, approximately 19 million
are working as child labourers.
More than 12.5 million children are involved in child labor in
Pakistan. According to Reuters, “Pakistan’s Labor Force Survey (2014-15)
showed that of those children aged between 10 and 14 years active in child
labor, 61 percent were boys and 88 percent came from rural areas”.
9
10. LAWS FOR ELIMINATION OF CHILD
LABOUR IN PAKISTAN
10
Act 2016 – Punjab restriction on employment of children was implemented to
prohibit the employment of children and to restrict the employment of
adolescents in certain occupations and processes.
Constitutional Provisions:
1. Article 11(3): No child below the age of 14 years shall be engaged in any factory
or mine or any other hazardous employment.
2. Article 25(A): The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all
children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as determined by law.
National Education Policy: It focuses on increasing the literacy rate and
providing livelihood skills to children, including those engaged in child labor.
Aims to expand non-formal and vocational education programs to children,
including child laborers.(63)
11. INTERNATIONAL LAWS FOR
ELIMINATION OF CHILD LABOR
ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention (No. 182)
ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention No. 182 requires ratifying countries
to take immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labor
defined as: all forms of slavery, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and any
work that by its nature is harmful to the health, safety, or morals of children.
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Crc)
The CRC is a human rights treaty that comprehensively establishes the rights of
children. Under the CRC, a child is anyone under the age of 18, unless otherwise
noted in national legislation. Notably, the United States and Somalia are the only two
countries that have yet to ratify the CRC.
11
12. HOW CAN WE STOP CHILD LABOR?
Review national laws regarding child labor.
Create awareness
Check the age of your employees.
Provide education to children
Identify hazardous work
Stop hiring children below the minimum age.
Donating to NGO’s
12