Pushed output involves requiring learners to produce language in order to make them aware of gaps in their productive knowledge. When learners are "pushed" to produce output, they pay closer attention to grammar. Output practice is important because receptive knowledge does not automatically transfer to productive knowledge. The type of text or genre a learner is asked to produce in can influence what linguistic features they attend to. Factors like topic, text type, planning time, and performance conditions all impact pushed output activities. Formal speaking involves longer, more carefully planned presentations compared to informal conversation and requires specific skills training.