Blockchain is a new type of distributed database that stores data in a way that provides security, immutability, and trust. It works by recording transactions in groups called blocks that are linked together in a chain, with each new block building on the previous ones. For a system to be considered a blockchain, it must meet five key principles - it must be distributed, public, persistent, timestamped, and immutable. Blockchain has the potential to benefit businesses by enabling trust without intermediaries, providing secure transactions, increasing transaction speeds, and enabling transparency.
Blockchain 3.0, the Encryption of Innovation. This talk looks beyond the immediate economic benefits and risks of distributed ledgers and considers the broader societal innovations implied by blockchain technology. The possibility of innovation and creating and participating in different and multiple self-determined political and economic systems could mobilize how we create ourselves as individuals and societies. Blockchain technology invites the possibility of creating a social world that gives greater weight to the values we apparently care about: freedom, trust, and dignity
Smart Network Economics:
Debt, Risk, and Payment Channels
Smart networks are intelligent autonomous networks, a new form of global computational infrastructure in which intelligence is built directly into the software such that an increasing degree of autonomous operation is facilitated. More formally, smart networks are state machines that make probabilistic guesses about reality states of the world and act upon this basis, particularly in economic domains, hence, smart network economics.
This presentation is about blockchain.
When Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp in 1879, he did not make a market analysis. The market did not have an identified need for a lamp but for light. This is a kind of disruptive original ideas.
Satoshi Nakamoto (a person or a group) did not do a market analysis neither . The blockchain was born after the financial crisis of 2008 as people lost trust in banks.
Satoshi Nakamoto introduced a new model of trust based on cryptographic proof in a decentralised & distributed ledger.
What is bloackchain technology ? Why blockchain is disruptive? And what are the main blockchain technologies ?
Future of AI: Blockchain and Deep LearningMelanie Swan
The Future of AI: Blockchain and Deep Learning
First point: considering blockchain and deep learning together suggests the emergence of a new class of global network computing system. These systems are self-operating computation graphs that make probabilistic guesses about reality states of the world.
Second point: blockchain and deep learning are facilitating each other’s development. This includes using deep learning algorithms for setting fees and detecting fraudulent activity, and using blockchains for secure registry, tracking, and remuneration of deep learning nets as they go onto the open Internet (in autonomous driving applications for example). Blockchain peer-to-peer nodes might provide deep learning services as they already provide transaction hosting and confirmation, news hosting, and banking (payment, credit flow-through) services. Further, there are similar functional emergences within the systems, for example LSTM (long-short term memory in RNNs) are like payment channels.
Third point: AI smart network thesis. We are starting to run more complicated operations through our networks: information (past), money (present), and brains (future). There are two fundamental eras of network computing: simple networks for the transfer of information (all computing to date from mainframe to mobile) and now smart networks for the transfer of value and intelligence. Blockchain and deep learning are built directly into smart networks so that they may automatically confirm authenticity and transfer value (blockchain) and predictively identify individual items and patterns.
The document provides information about a trainer named Mr. Kovalan Balamany who has 12 years of experience in public speaking, training and development. He has worked as a trainer on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency for a Chinese company and has facilitated trainings for over 5000 traders. The document outlines his qualifications and certifications. It also provides an overview of the course modules to be covered including blockchain fundamentals, applications of blockchain like cryptocurrency and Bitcoin, and blockchain implementation and innovations.
Disruptive Future of Blockchain for Brasil Melanie Swan
Tudu acaba em blockchain: Productivity gains: Capital investment in technology, Provide data centers with Blockchain as a Service
Skilled work force development: Train 1000 software developers: Hyperledger, Ethereum, Corda
Focus on global markets beyond the internal economy: Scale efficiencies
Natural resources, regional strength, large companies
Low-hanging fruit: secure information transfer
A blockchain is essentially a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties. Each transaction in the public ledger is verified by consensus of a majority of the participants in the system. And, once entered, information can never be erased. The blockchain contains a certain and verifiable record of every single transaction ever made. Bitcoin, the decentralized peer to peer digital currency, is the most popular example that uses blockchain technology. The digital currency bitcoin itself is highly controversial but the underlying blockchain technology has worked flawlessly and found a wide range of applications in both the financial and nonfinancial world. The main hypothesis is that the blockchain establishes a system of creating a distributed consensus in the digital online world. This allows participating entities to know for certain that a digital event happened by creating an irrefutable record in a public ledger. It opens the door for developing a democratic open and scalable digital economy from a centralized one. There are tremendous opportunities in this disruptive technology and revolution in this space has just begun. This white paper describes blockchain technology and some compelling specific applications in both the financial and nonfinancial sector. Nandan Chitale | Yogeshchandra Puranik "Blockchain and Beyond" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42425.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/other/42425/blockchain-and-beyond/nandan-chitale
Blockchain technology and applications from a financial perspectiveVittorio Zinetti
This article aims at explaining the blockchain opportunity for the financial industry. First the fundamentals of technology is introduced, then possible application of blockchain to three financial use cases are presented.
Blockchain Developer | How to Become a Blockchain Developer? | Blockchain Tra...Edureka!
( Blockchain Training: https://www.edureka.co/blockchain-training )
This Edureka Blockchain Training tutorial will give you a complete fundamental understanding on how to become a Blockchain Developer. This video helps you realize who a Blockchain Developer is, and how to become one yourself!
Edureka Blockchain Tutorial Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9ooVrP1hQOFJblZm3OdcVV-H6Z8V7HP1
Blockchain , Deploying your first smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
Slides from my session in "Global Azure Bootcamp Chandigarh"
Presentation starts with basic terms like transactions , ledger and contracts. Talks about what is blockchain and ethereum and concludes with deployment of a smart contract to azure ethereum blockchain.
Blockchain distributed ledger technology is evolving from the hype phase into one of greater maturity and long-term value creation. This graduate course overview examines how blockchains, networks, and social interaction patterns are related.
Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology may provide an alternative to traditional venture capital funding models. Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) allow projects to raise funds by selling tokens, with some ICOs raising over $100 million. ICOs provide advantages over VC such as shorter fundraising timelines and no governance requirements for project founders. However, ICOs also face challenges including lack of regulation and providing long-term community support. The future of funding in the decentralized economy remains unclear as both ICOs and cooperation between VCs and blockchain projects evolve.
Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life SciencesIFAH
A session by Michael Irish, CEO, Vivacitas Healthcare on the topic of 'Blockchain Innovation In Healthcare & Life Sciences' at IFAH USA 2019 held at Caesars Palace, 18-20 June, 2019.
Blockchain as the Backbone of Digital Supply Chains | Challenges for Supply C...Fluence.sh
The digital supply chain is one of the most popular methods of organization for resources, assets, people, and inventory transfers. But what challenges does supply chain face and how they can be solved with the blockchain technology?
The basic idea of decentralization is to distribute control and authority to the peripheries of an organization instead of one central body being in full control of the organization.
Crypto tokens imply optionality and the ability to better manage risk. The thesis of this talk is that smart contracts are options, and as such, can be used to control risk (unwanted future uncertainty) in a wider range of areas than has been possible previously, in finance, and in other areas too such as medicine. Options as a financial market instrument have long been used to control the amount and timing of risk in specific ways and tailor exposure with granularity. Smart contracts are an even more flexible species of options because they are programmable contracts that can be used to confer the right to buy or sell any blockchain-based asset or liability at a future moment in time (blocktime or “fiat” (regular) time) per certain terms and consideration. Therefore, smart contracts allow a greater variety in the degree and type of risks that might be brought under management. The impact of having greater control over risk is that intangible social goods are produced such as surety, confidence, and reliability, which help to engender a more trustful society.
There is increasing interest in the potential impact of Blockchain globally, across the business world. Blockchain is transforming data storage, security, digital property management, transactions in a variety of forms, and much, much, more. And the impact will be felt across a number of industries, including manufacturing, insurance, healthcare, retail, logistics, and more.
We believe Blockchain presents a unique opportunity for enterprises to leverage a revolutionary new technology and redefine how they function. The Blockchain Landscape Report 2019 by [X]cubeLABS discusses everything Blockchain ranging from its history, mechanism, and industry-wide adoption to its future potential.
Blockchain Economics: Tackle Debt and Systemic RiskMelanie Swan
Financial Resilience and Sustainability. Crypto tokens imply optionality and the ability to better manage risk. The thesis of this talk is that smart contracts are options, and as such, can be used to control risk (unwanted future uncertainty) in a wider range of areas than has been possible previously, in finance, and in other areas too such as medicine. Options as a financial market instrument have long been used to control the amount and timing of risk in specific ways and tailor exposure with granularity. Smart contracts are an even more flexible species of options because they are programmable contracts that can be used to confer the right to buy or sell any blockchain-based asset or liability at a future moment in time (blocktime or “fiat” (regular) time) per certain terms and consideration. Therefore, smart contracts allow a greater variety in the degree and type of risks that might be brought under management. The impact of having greater control over risk is that intangible social goods are produced such as surety, confidence, and reliability, which help to engender a more trustful society.
Once created, smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain cannot be modified or updated. The article discusses how smart contracts can be "self-destructed" to remove them from the blockchain. It explains that a selfdestruct function sends the contract's funds to a designated address and clears its data. While this eliminates bugs or stops execution, funds sent to a self-destructed contract will be lost. The article concludes by advising self-destructing contracts when no longer needed to stop execution and potentially lower gas costs.
Blockchain and its Use in the Public Sector - OECDOECD Governance
Presentation on the OECD Working Paper "Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its use in the Public Sector". This guide aims to equip public servants with the necessary knowledge to understand what the Blockchain architecture is, the implications it could have on government services, and the opportunities and challenges governments may face as a result. For more information see oe.cd/blockchain
Application of Blockchain Technologies in Digital ForensicsMahdi_Fahmideh
This lecture, from course CIS8708-Digital Forensics (Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations), discusses the role of blockchain technologies in digital forensics investigation
Public, private, and consortium blockchains are three different types of blockchain networks that differ in terms of their accessibility and the level of control exercised over them.
Public blockchains: Public blockchains are open to anyone who wishes to join and participate in the network. These blockchains are decentralized and are not controlled by any single entity. Examples of public blockchains include the Bitcoin and Ethereum networks.
Private blockchains: Private blockchains are restricted networks that are only accessible to certain approved participants. These blockchains are typically owned and operated by a single entity or organization, and access to the network is granted based on the discretion of the owner. Private blockchains are often used by organizations to securely and privately record transactions within their own operations.
Consortium blockchains: Consortium blockchains are hybrid networks that are partially decentralized and partially controlled by a group of pre-approved entities. These blockchains are often used in industries where multiple parties need to collaborate and share information, but may not fully trust each other. Consortium blockchains allow for the sharing of information and transactions in a secure and transparent manner, while still maintaining some level of control over access to the network.
Which type of blockchain is right for you will depend on your specific needs and goals. Public blockchains offer the highest level of decentralization and are generally considered to be the most secure, but they may not be suitable for all use cases due to their open nature. Private and consortium blockchains offer a more controlled environment and may be better suited for certain types of applications and organizations. It's important to carefully consider the trade-offs between decentralization, security, and control when deciding which type of blockchain is right for your use case.
What are the different types of blockchain technology explainedOliviaJune1
Technological advancement leads to new internet business and end-user advantages. Blockchain's a field-tech. From Bitcoin's fundamental basis to the mainstream system, during this time, Blockchain witnessed tremendous growth. Food, banking, health, marketing.
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Date 2020-03-16
Words 865
Characters 5478
Content Checked For Plagiarism
Blockchain Student’s name Institutional affiliation Submission date Introduction Blockchain technology has been art=tracing a lot of oftenest
from many industries. This blockchain has enhanced many developments, unlike any other feed that is associated with the internet. His is
attributed to how individuals and organizations will be functioning (Swan, 2015). .in addition, block chain is said to be going to have changes
to the way the governments are run and how certain aspects in society will apply the I=enforcement of varied transactions. In the past
centuries, trust has been I the hand s of large corporations such as banks s but the development of the Blockchain will create an arena
through which power will be dynamic, and there will be space for new channels for validation of information. Functionality Blockchains are
made up of data sets that are made up of smaller chains of data packages known as blocks. A block is made up of multiple transactions.
Therefore, the Blockchain arises from the addition of new blocks. A complete blockchain is a representation of an entire ledger that has
transaction history. The functionality of the blockchain state that transactions are not automatically added to the leger that is in place. The
application of the general agreement will allow transactions to be stored I a block for a certain amount of time before being transferred to the
ledger. The implication of the Blockchain The Blockchain is a ledger that holds the records of all transactions that have been processed by a
network in addition to allowing the user computer top to give a verification of the operation that has taken place. The distributed ledger system
is vital because, in contrast to the centralized systems, the functionalities of the network persist even if the particular nodes break down.
Therefore, the significant impact that Blockchain has is the fact that trust is no longer an issue of concern. Digital assets can be developed
and managed by the use of a blockchain channel. The Blockchain enables the space for selective transparency and privacy that is attained by
the use of cryptographic technologies. Clarity can bring up the ethics that are associated with a company. (Salah et al. 2019). Advantages of
Blockchain Immutability is the essence by which it refers to the fact that past transactions cannot be altered since multiple copies of the
Blockchain are preserved and taken care of by the general agreement across the networks. Data that is stored you the block cannot be lasted
thereof secure enough The Blockchain enables the idea associated with verifiability whereby anion within the system, can check by
themselves if the rules of the system in place are being adhered to. Thus the information cannot be manipulated. The information sobered
within the block can be accessed even if the peers go or l.
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
Date 2020-03-16
Words 865
Characters 5478
Content Checked For Plagiarism
Blockchain Student’s name Institutional affiliation Submission date Introduction Blockchain technology has been art=tracing a lot of oftenest
from many industries. This blockchain has enhanced many developments, unlike any other feed that is associated with the internet. His is
attributed to how individuals and organizations will be functioning (Swan, 2015). .in addition, block chain is said to be going to have changes
to the way the governments are run and how certain aspects in society will apply the I=enforcement of varied transactions. In the past
centuries, trust has been I the hand s of large corporations such as banks s but the development of the Blockchain will create an arena
through which power will be dynamic, and there will be space for new channels for validation of information. Functionality Blockchains are
made up of data sets that are made up of smaller chains of data packages known as blocks. A block is made up of multiple transactions.
Therefore, the Blockchain arises from the addition of new blocks. A complete blockchain is a representation of an entire ledger that has
transaction history. The functionality of the blockchain state that transactions are not automatically added to the leger that is in place. The
application of the general agreement will allow transactions to be stored I a block for a certain amount of time before being transferred to the
ledger. The implication of the Blockchain The Blockchain is a ledger that holds the records of all transactions that have been processed by a
network in addition to allowing the user computer top to give a verification of the operation that has taken place. The distributed ledger system
is vital because, in contrast to the centralized systems, the functionalities of the network persist even if the particular nodes break down.
Therefore, the significant impact that Blockchain has is the fact that trust is no longer an issue of concern. Digital assets can be developed
and managed by the use of a blockchain channel. The Blockchain enables the space for selective transparency and privacy that is attained by
the use of cryptographic technologies. Clarity can bring up the ethics that are associated with a company. (Salah et al. 2019). Advantages of
Blockchain Immutability is the essence by which it refers to the fact that past transactions cannot be altered since multiple copies of the
Blockchain are preserved and taken care of by the general agreement across the networks. Data that is stored you the block cannot be lasted
thereof secure enough The Blockchain enables the idea associated with verifiability whereby anion within the system, can check by
themselves if the rules of the system in place are being adhered to. Thus the information cannot be manipulated. The information sobered
within the block can be accessed even if the peers go or l ...
BASIC INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKCHAIN - JOEL SUMANTH RAJ.pdfJOELCONTACTS
Blockchain Technology is a shared, immutable ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. An asset can be tangible (a house, car, cash, land) or intangible (intellectual property, documents, contracts, patents, copyrights, branding).
How does the Blockchain Work?
A blockchain is a distributed, peer-to-peer database that hosts a continuously growing number of transactions. Each transaction, referred to as a “block,” is secured through cryptography, timestamped, and validated by every authorized member of the database using consensus algorithms (i.e., a set of rules). A transaction that is not validated by all members of the database is not added to the database. Every transaction is attached to the previous transaction in sequential order, creating a chain of transactions (or blocks). A transaction cannot be deleted or edited, thereby creating an immutable audit trial. A transaction can only be changed by adding another transaction to the chain.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that records transactions in blocks that are linked together using cryptography. The document discusses the structure of blockchain including blocks, chains, nodes, miners, transactions, hash codes, and consensus protocols. It also covers how blockchain works, applications in finance like cross-border payments and stock exchanges, and challenges around scalability, security, privacy, and high energy usage. The author proposes using proof of stake instead of proof of work to help address energy consumption and privacy issues.
This slide is about 'Blockchain Technology'. Blockchain is a method of recording information that makes it impossible or difficult for the system to be changed, hacked, or manipulated. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that duplicates and distributes transactions across the network of computers participating in the blockchain. Blockchain helps verify and trace multistep transactions needing verification and traceability. Cryptocurrencies are usually built using blockchain technology. Blockchain describes the way transactions are recorded into "blocks" and time stamped. It's a fairly complex, technical process, but the result is a digital ledger of cryptocurrency transactions that's hard for hackers to tamper with.
What Is Blockchain, How It Works, and How It Can be Used?
Blockchain technology has been around for over a decade, but its popularity has skyrocketed in recent years. But what exactly is blockchain technology? How does it work? And what can it be used fo
Sidechain is nothing but a separate chain as like blockchain, connected to the main blockchain via two-way-peg. Sidechains are considered as sub-chains or child chains and the first build blockchain are considered as a main chain or parent chain.
Blockchain has the potential to significantly impact global business ecosystems. It allows for traceable and auditable transactions without centralized control. This increases transparency and cuts costs. Blockchain also enables faster and more accurate compliance with regulations by providing a shared ledger of all transaction data. There are different types of blockchain networks, including public permissionless systems like Bitcoin, private permissioned systems, and hybrid systems, each with different access controls. Implementing blockchain requires understanding its attributes in order to analyze opportunities and threats for a business.
This document provides an introduction to Hyperledger, an open source collaborative effort to advance blockchain technologies. It discusses that Hyperledger was created to enable a worldwide developer community to work together on blockchain ideas, infrastructure and code. It then provides examples of compelling use cases for blockchain in different industries like banking, financial services, healthcare, IT and supply chain management. Finally, it outlines some of the current Hyperledger projects including frameworks like Fabric, Sawtooth and tools like Caliper, Cello and Explorer that are being developed to help enterprises deliver on the promise of blockchain.
How Drupal & Blockchain Are Changing The Perception Of Decentralized Architec...Shefali Shetty
Have you ever thought about integrating Drupal CMS with Blockchain? Imagine two completely different architectures coming together to build a powerful system.
How Drupal & Blockchain Are Changing The Perception Of Decentralized Architec...Shefali Shetty
Have you ever thought about integrating Drupal CMS with Blockchain? Imagine two completely different architectures coming together to build a powerful system.
What is the Difference Between Blockchain and Distributed Ledger?celine anderson
A distributed ledger is a decentralized database that exists across every node of a network among multiple participants across several locations. Each node has a copy of the information stored on the ledger, this shows the transparency level of the distributed ledger
Know more>>https://www.bitdeal.net/blockchain-development
How companies are leveraging blockchain in supply chainsBlockchain Council
It won't be wrong to say here that most of the industries are now considering Blockchain as a panacea for different sectors. Well, it's a fact that Blockchain has emerged a trendsetter in the field of technology. It is the harbinger of new-age business operations which are transparent, more efficient and secure. Blockchain developers across the world are working on improvising on how they can leverage Blockchain technology to enhance the efficacy of the supply chain system.
Blockchain Technology - By Dennis Loos.pdfdennis loos
Blockchain is one of the most significant assets that truly disrupt our day-to-day lives. It’s not just cryptocurrencies. “But Dennis Loos, isn’t blockchain just cryptos?” Oh, no, it’s much, much, MUCH more than that.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger or record of transactions shared across a network of computers. Each transaction on the blockchain is recorded and stored on the blockchain through a complex validation process without the need for a central authority. Blockchain provides advantages of openness and transparency as anyone can view transaction records, collective maintenance as many nodes can participate to validate transactions, and reliability through data backups across nodes. Due to these advantages, blockchain has promising applications in many fields like finance, healthcare, supply chains and more.
Similar to Blockchain for business. Interview-based article - October 2019. Polytechnic University of Madrid (20)
International Business Isbn-9780273766957 - Points-counterpointsHicham QAISSI
This document discusses several points related to offshoring and international business strategies. It begins by explaining some of the reasons why manufacturers offshore production, such as tax benefits and lower costs in other countries. It then discusses both benefits and drawbacks of offshoring for different industries. The document considers political risk management strategies and whether nations should use strategic trade policies. Overall, it presents perspectives on a range of international business issues without clearly taking a stance, instead outlining arguments on both sides of issues related to offshoring, trade, and risk management.
1) El documento describe las tecnologías XML, incluyendo DTD, esquemas XML, parsing con SAX y DOM, y usos comunes de XML como sitios web y servicios web.
2) XML permite etiquetar datos con su significado para estructurar información de manera que pueda ser procesada automáticamente.
3) Para que un documento XML sea válido, debe declarar el DTD o esquema XML al que se valida y seguir las reglas de dicha gramática.
Jdom how it works & how it opened the java processHicham QAISSI
The document discusses JDOM, an open source Java library for parsing, manipulating, and outputting XML documents. It provides a straightforward API for working with XML in Java without requiring knowledge of DOM or SAX. JDOM aims to simplify common XML tasks, integrate with existing standards, and stay up to date with evolving XML specifications. It represents an XML document using lightweight Java objects that can be easily traversed, modified, and converted between DOM, SAX, and XML formats.
JDOM is an open source Java library that makes working with XML data easier. It provides a simpler programming model compared to DOM and SAX. JDOM was created to be straightforward for Java programmers and hide some of the complexities of XML. It allows for easy creation, modification and output of XML documents and elements in Java code.
This document discusses three different approaches to parsing XML documents: SAX, DOM, and JDOM. SAX is an event-based parser that works by invoking methods as it reads the XML document and encounters different components. DOM parses the entire XML document into a tree structure that can be manipulated in memory. JDOM is a Java library that provides an API for parsing XML into Java objects similar to DOM. The document then provides code examples demonstrating how to use each of these XML parsing approaches to search for a book by ISBN in a sample XML book catalog.
This document provides a summary of the JSTL (JSP Standard Tag Library) quick reference. It includes tags for control flow, core functionality, formatting, internationalization, and more. Some key tags include:
- <c:forEach> - Loops over a collection or array
- <c:if> - Conditional processing based on an expression
- <fmt:message> - Retrieves localized messages from a resource bundle
- <fmt:formatDate> - Formats dates based on the locale
- <fmt:setBundle> - Sets the localization context
This document discusses mobile social networks from a business perspective. It covers advantages and impediments of mobile social networks compared to traditional social media platforms. It also discusses the future of mobile social networks, including how the development of 4G networks may help propel the growth of mobile social networks. Key topics covered include the movement of internet companies and mobile operators into mobile social networking, competition and alliances between operators and social media companies, and statistics related to user demographics and behaviors on social networks.
Este documento presenta SPARQL, el lenguaje de consulta para grafos RDF. Introduce SPARQL, describiendo su objetivo de recuperar información de bases de datos RDF de la Web Semántica de forma similar a como SQL lo hace para bases de datos relacionales. Explica la sintaxis básica de SPARQL, incluyendo cláusulas como SELECT, DESCRIBE, ASK y PREFIX, y resume los diferentes componentes de las especificaciones de SPARQL.
Este documento proporciona un tutorial sobre los Servlets en J2EE. Explica qué son los Servlets y sus ventajas, la API Servlet, su estructura y funcionamiento interno. Luego cubre la implementación de un Servlet, incluidos los modelos de implementación, la clase HttpServlet y el ciclo de vida de un Servlet que incluye la inicialización, procesamiento de peticiones y destrucción. También explica cómo configurar un Servlet, el contexto de aplicación, el procesamiento de peticiones y respuestas, y mantener el estado
Interaction Latency: Square's User-Centric Mobile Performance MetricScyllaDB
Mobile performance metrics often take inspiration from the backend world and measure resource usage (CPU usage, memory usage, etc) and workload durations (how long a piece of code takes to run).
However, mobile apps are used by humans and the app performance directly impacts their experience, so we should primarily track user-centric mobile performance metrics. Following the lead of tech giants, the mobile industry at large is now adopting the tracking of app launch time and smoothness (jank during motion).
At Square, our customers spend most of their time in the app long after it's launched, and they don't scroll much, so app launch time and smoothness aren't critical metrics. What should we track instead?
This talk will introduce you to Interaction Latency, a user-centric mobile performance metric inspired from the Web Vital metric Interaction to Next Paint"" (web.dev/inp). We'll go over why apps need to track this, how to properly implement its tracking (it's tricky!), how to aggregate this metric and what thresholds you should target.
How Netflix Builds High Performance Applications at Global ScaleScyllaDB
We all want to build applications that are blazingly fast. We also want to scale them to users all over the world. Can the two happen together? Can users in the slowest of environments also get a fast experience? Learn how we do this at Netflix: how we understand every user's needs and preferences and build high performance applications that work for every user, every time.
INDIAN AIR FORCE FIGHTER PLANES LIST.pdfjackson110191
These fighter aircraft have uses outside of traditional combat situations. They are essential in defending India's territorial integrity, averting dangers, and delivering aid to those in need during natural calamities. Additionally, the IAF improves its interoperability and fortifies international military alliances by working together and conducting joint exercises with other air forces.
Scaling Connections in PostgreSQL Postgres Bangalore(PGBLR) Meetup-2 - MydbopsMydbops
This presentation, delivered at the Postgres Bangalore (PGBLR) Meetup-2 on June 29th, 2024, dives deep into connection pooling for PostgreSQL databases. Aakash M, a PostgreSQL Tech Lead at Mydbops, explores the challenges of managing numerous connections and explains how connection pooling optimizes performance and resource utilization.
Key Takeaways:
* Understand why connection pooling is essential for high-traffic applications
* Explore various connection poolers available for PostgreSQL, including pgbouncer
* Learn the configuration options and functionalities of pgbouncer
* Discover best practices for monitoring and troubleshooting connection pooling setups
* Gain insights into real-world use cases and considerations for production environments
This presentation is ideal for:
* Database administrators (DBAs)
* Developers working with PostgreSQL
* DevOps engineers
* Anyone interested in optimizing PostgreSQL performance
Contact info@mydbops.com for PostgreSQL Managed, Consulting and Remote DBA Services
UiPath Community Day Kraków: Devs4Devs ConferenceUiPathCommunity
We are honored to launch and host this event for our UiPath Polish Community, with the help of our partners - Proservartner!
We certainly hope we have managed to spike your interest in the subjects to be presented and the incredible networking opportunities at hand, too!
Check out our proposed agenda below 👇👇
08:30 ☕ Welcome coffee (30')
09:00 Opening note/ Intro to UiPath Community (10')
Cristina Vidu, Global Manager, Marketing Community @UiPath
Dawid Kot, Digital Transformation Lead @Proservartner
09:10 Cloud migration - Proservartner & DOVISTA case study (30')
Marcin Drozdowski, Automation CoE Manager @DOVISTA
Pawel Kamiński, RPA developer @DOVISTA
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
09:40 From bottlenecks to breakthroughs: Citizen Development in action (25')
Pawel Poplawski, Director, Improvement and Automation @McCormick & Company
Michał Cieślak, Senior Manager, Automation Programs @McCormick & Company
10:05 Next-level bots: API integration in UiPath Studio (30')
Mikolaj Zielinski, UiPath MVP, Senior Solutions Engineer @Proservartner
10:35 ☕ Coffee Break (15')
10:50 Document Understanding with my RPA Companion (45')
Ewa Gruszka, Enterprise Sales Specialist, AI & ML @UiPath
11:35 Power up your Robots: GenAI and GPT in REFramework (45')
Krzysztof Karaszewski, Global RPA Product Manager
12:20 🍕 Lunch Break (1hr)
13:20 From Concept to Quality: UiPath Test Suite for AI-powered Knowledge Bots (30')
Kamil Miśko, UiPath MVP, Senior RPA Developer @Zurich Insurance
13:50 Communications Mining - focus on AI capabilities (30')
Thomasz Wierzbicki, Business Analyst @Office Samurai
14:20 Polish MVP panel: Insights on MVP award achievements and career profiling
What Not to Document and Why_ (North Bay Python 2024)Margaret Fero
We’re hopefully all on board with writing documentation for our projects. However, especially with the rise of supply-chain attacks, there are some aspects of our projects that we really shouldn’t document, and should instead remediate as vulnerabilities. If we do document these aspects of a project, it may help someone compromise the project itself or our users. In this talk, you will learn why some aspects of documentation may help attackers more than users, how to recognize those aspects in your own projects, and what to do when you encounter such an issue.
These are slides as presented at North Bay Python 2024, with one minor modification to add the URL of a tweet screenshotted in the presentation.
Are you interested in learning about creating an attractive website? Here it is! Take part in the challenge that will broaden your knowledge about creating cool websites! Don't miss this opportunity, only in "Redesign Challenge"!
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this resume for sadika shaikh bca studentSadikaShaikh7
I am a dedicated BCA student with a strong foundation in web technologies, including PHP and MySQL. I have hands-on experience in Java and Python, and a solid understanding of data structures. My technical skills are complemented by my ability to learn quickly and adapt to new challenges in the ever-evolving field of computer science.
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Link to presentation recording and slides: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/details-of-description-part-ii-describing-images-in-practice/
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Blockchain for business. Interview-based article - October 2019. Polytechnic University of Madrid
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BLOCKCHAIN FOR BUSINESS
Abstract
Last years, we’ve heard about Blockchain as one of the most disruptive technologies.
Blockchain is everywhere, breaking news related to it are flourishing and almost all technology
main actors are developing or updating their solutions to harness Blockchain technology.
This is an Interview-Based article to Mr. Hicham QAISSI, professor of Business Intelligence and
Blockchain in the MBAi of IEN-UPM Business School, belonging to Polytechnical University of
Madrid, Spain. QAISSI will unveil this costly understanding world and give a great overview of
Blockchain technology since Business outlook.
With this Interview-based article you will learn what a businessman, entrepreneur or manager
should know about Blockchain, how would this new technology help them to bring their
business to higher level and how it is changing and rethinking value chains in many sectors.
Author: Hicham QAISSI.
Published: 8th
October, 2019.
6557 words. Reading time: 31 minutes.
Interviewer: Hicham, thank you to give us this opportunity to shed some light on this
confuse world. Please, bear in mind this interview if for non-technical managers, so in
order to give it a good acceptance I appreciate not deepen into technical concepts.
Hicham: The pleasure is mine. Thank you to give me this chance to share my thoughts
and stories with you and readers. I’ll try to give you a good and well-off overview without
immersing under the hood.
Question: Hicham, I’ve tried to find a simple definition of Blockchain that doesn’t
confuse and without enter into technical details, but trust me, with no much success.
Please, can you give us an abstract idea about what Blockchain is?
Answer: You are right, it seems that experts don’t want people of other sectors or
backgrounds to know what Blockchain is. Simply put, Blockchain is a new type of
database. It stores data in such a way backing it with some new special features that
endorse it with security, immutability and trust. This data is distributed and available in
a public ledger. New chunks of data are added to the ledger one by one like a stack and
each chunk is somehow related to the previous one. To add new chunk of data, all nodes
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in the network have to accept it, agree it haven’t been any change in the past and the
chain of data chunks haven’t been manipulated.
I say it in all interviews and classes, the best definition of Blockchain is the one Dan
Tapscott mentioned in his book “Blockchain Revolution” (ISBN 978-1101980149): “a
vast, global distributed ledger or database running on millions of devices and open to
anyone, where not just money, but anything of value: titles, deeds, identities, even votes
can be moved, stored and managed securely and privately. Trust is established through
mass collaboration and clever code rather than by powerful intermediaries like
governments and banks”.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Gee, let me see, all this hype is about a new type of database?
Answer: Saying that Blockchain in a new kind of database is the same than saying e-mail
technology is a new way to send letters. In the end, the main purpose is to send
information, but in a different way. In Blockchain, the same, the purpose is to store data
endorsing it with security, transparency and trust.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Ok, now, if I ask you how does the Blockchain work without going into
technical specifies, am I asking too much?
Answer: Blockchain could be explained from two perspectives, technical and abstract
(business perception) perspectives. Having into account this interview is for a Business
School, I imagine you are more interested in the first one.
Ledger in Blockchain. Source: Hicham QAISSI
As analogy, we can imagine the Blockchain as an accountant ledger, in each page,
operations are registered starting with the result of the previous page (as a chain). With
this mechanism, it’s easy to realise that the attempt to change a single operation in any
page, it also entails modifying all successive pages. And having into account the huge
number of distributed copies (one copy per each user in the net), trying to modify
transactions in a chain of blocks could be a titanic task, if not impossible.
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Now, we can allocate a person to manage this ledger, but in this case, we are having a
centralized and private database and, we could have a problem, this person or whoever
has access to the database can make any change in their benefit because they are the
only one having access to the database.
Solution: If this ledger is public and distributed, we are in an open network and each
node has access to the ledger, they can see each change in the ledger, add new
transactions and even check whether the sum is correct or not, and only the last version
could be considered as correct if it’s accepted by the majority of nodes. If these rules
are met, nobody could alter the historic transactions of the ledger and distribute it as a
new manipulated version because the majority of nodes won’t accept it. Each time a
node in the net tries to add a transaction or a set of them (bloc), it is notified to all nodes
to update their ledger. In case of involuntary error or malicious intention, the new
transaction will be rejected. This way, there is no centralized database and we have no
necessity of an institution to control the ledger, all members manage the same version
of ledger.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: I’ve heard that Blockchain has many principals and without them it couldn’t
be considered a Blockchain, what are they?
Answer: To consider a system a Blockchain network, it must fulfil five principals:
Distributed: across all the peers composing the network, Blockchain is
distributed and every node has a copy of the last ledger version. We have to be
aware of the difference among a centralized, decentralized and distributed
systems. Blockchain is absolutely distributed.
Centralized vs. Decentralized vs. Distributed architecture.
Source : https://diglife.com/decentralization/
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Public: in public Blockchain like Bitcoin, the actors are hidden but everyone can
see the transactions. Nevertheless, we are seeing closed Blockchain networks
where transactions are only seen by the members of the network. One example
could be the Blockchain network set among a retail distributor and their
suppliers.
Persistent: because of the consensus and the distributed principal, Blockchain
networks are persistent, can’t catch fire, damaged by water or misplaced.
Timestamped: the dates and times of all transactions are stored in plain view.
Immovable: all blocks of transactions added in the network couldn’t be removed
in a future.
If one of these 5 principals aren’t met, the network couldn’t be considered a Blockchain.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: It seems that Blockchain has a short history, right?
Answer: Blockchain appearance is linked to Bitcoin. Blockchain was first mentioned in
2009 in Satoshi Nakamoto article and was coined years after. In 2013, while Bitcoin still
had many negative connotations around it, Blockchain became a respectable word
when it comes to technology. In 2014, Blockchain starts to be used separately from
cryptocurrency to reference distributed ledgers and databases. In 2015, Ethereum as
the first Blockchain network beyond cryptocurrencies was created and the concept of
Smart Contracts and Decentralized Applications (dApp) appears and Blockchain starts to
be open to every industry and since then, large companies, governments and start-ups
are immersed in adapting their systems and operations to the new hype.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: If you have to convince a business man, entrepreneur or manager to harness
the benefits Blockchain Technology could bring to their business, what would you tell
them?
Answer: Blockchain would be worth and adds value only in case of storing and
protecting information of valuable assets. If that’s the case, go for it.
Trust: Blockchain allows intermediaries to be removed while still maintaining
trust and security between people involved in the transaction.
Security: Data entered into Blockchain is immutable. Every block of data on the
blockchain can be tracked back to the first genesis block. This fact creates an easy
way to follow audit trail of every transaction on the Blockchain. Altering an
existing transaction require controlling over 50% of the computers (the 51%
attack) on the network at the same time which is completely unfeasible. If this
occurs, it would be immediately spotted by other members.
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Increased Transaction Speed: Transferring assets and property takes much less
time than the traditional way because of avoiding third parties such as banks,
notaries, government’s bureaucracy.
Transparency: Changes to the ledger are visible and easily detectable to
everyone on the network, and the transactions can’t be altered or deleted once
entered into the Blockchain. This magic effect is unattainable with existing
databases with lack of transparency. The majority of the components connected
to the Blockchain must accept new transactions preventing transactions from
being hidden or manipulated.
Removal of intermediaries and reduced costs: Maintaining ledgers or databases
is costly and often extremely manual process with many people involved in
checking the integrity of each ledger. By removing intermediaries involved in the
process of recording and manipulating assets, a distributed ledger allows parties
to transfer assets on one shared ledger, reducing the costs of maintaining
multiple ledgers.
Decentralization: Blockchain are maintained on a single shared ledger instead of
multiple ledgers that are shared by multiple institutions. Centralized databases
are prone to hacking, data loss and corruption. Blockchain has no central
database that is a point of failure and manipulation. All the members (nodes) of
the network have the same copy the last ledger.
Wide range of uses: Beyond financial sector, almost everything of value can be
recorded on the Blockchain: ownership, digital identity, copyright licence, etc.
Let’s develop this point later.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Almost everything in life has its advantages and drawbacks, being relatively a
new technology, I imagine it has its own downsides or weaknesses, what are they?
Answer: Of course, Blockchain has a range of limitations.
Lack of privacy: Decentralized Blockchain systems lack privacy. The information
is not private and it’s readily accessible at any given moment to anyone using the
system. On the same path, many cryptocurrencies based on Blockchain are hold
by computers located in countries such as Russia and China where computer
crime is high and personal information could frequently used against people
living or traveling to those countries.
Blockchain vs. GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation): As a resume of
recitals 65 (the right to erasure / be forgotten) and 66 (the right to rectification)
of GDPR: A data subject should have the right to have his or her personal data
no longer processed where the personal data are no longer necessary in
relation to the purposes for which they are collected or otherwise processed. If
the same subject data is stored into the Blockchain, it breaks the GDPR, because
once an information is stored into the Blockchain, there is no reverse. This fact
could be avoided inserting only the Hash code (digital fingerprint) of the
information piece instead of the information itself.
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Regulation and integration: The government of Estonia is successfully testing
Blockchain based systems in government services, but Estonia has a population
of 1.5 million. There are cities in USA or China with more than 10 times this
population. While Blockchain based systems may work on a small scale, it’s not
as easy to integrate on the scale needed for governments with larger
populations.
Risk of 51% attack: If someone were able to control over 50% of the computers
on a Blockchain network, they would control all transactions, even manipulate
already inserted blocks. This fact is known as 51% attack. The majority of
computers of the Blockchain networks are located in countries with a flawless
democracy and high crime rates, if those countries collaborated, they could for
sure take over the whole Blockchain network.
No centralized control: Blockchain based systems are designed to replace third
party intermediaries, putting the responsibility and control back with the
individuals involved in transactions. With a traditional network and software, if
an organisation wants to make a change, they can do it only after approval of
relevant departments/managers within the organisation. This makes
decentralized networks risky for organisations to use.
Lack of understanding of its core technology: Many managers are still sceptical
about Blockchain benefits because of the lack of real-world applications
feedback and the non-understanding of its core technology.
Scalability issues: In Bitcoin, a block is added every 10 minutes, each block
contains around 2.000 transactions, that means Bitcoin is processing around
3,33 transactions a second, a ridiculous figure. In Ethereum, this number rises to
125 transactions/s, but it’s still pathetic. Visa has conducted tests with IBM
concluding the Visa network is capable of handling over 20.000 transactions a
second. Comparing both systems, Blockchain based systems are far away from
Visa network when it come to productivity.
Unproven new technology: There is still a lack of real-world applications that are
currently in existence to prove the effectiveness of the technology. For sure, the
technology is new with a lot of potential, but we still have no real and strong
feedback about its use.
Hype: A lot of writings about Blockchain are overrated or over-hyped, stating
that Blockchain will be the solution to all world’s problems, will disrupt
governments, eliminates banks, solve world poverty, etc. It’s easy to get caught
in the hype of a new technology. On the other hand, experts state the beginning
of the internet was somehow similar to Blockchain when it comes to hype, and
internet changed the world… I think Blockchain technology is just a new way of
storing and managing data. It isn’t the answer to all world’s troubles, so, please
let’s be sensible, don’t believe all the hype surrounding Blockchain.
Reputation and Trust: There is still a lack of understanding about how the
Blockchain works along with a dull reputation from the connection with Bitcoin.
When it is each time more accepted as a legal payment method, terrorism and
computer crime bring Bitcoin back into the news reiterating that unfair link. A
not long past example is the computer networks at the National Health Service
in U.K. A computer virus locked the computers of the NHS, preventing them from
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being used and accessed unless a ransom was paid in Bitcoin. This way Bitcoin
was linked again to crime.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: People think Blockchain is always tightly linked to Finance Industry, especially
cryptocurrencies, is that true?
Answer: Blockchain was born in a financial environment and financial services industry
is one of the first industries to accept and leverage the benefits of Blockchain. Today,
NASDAQ, Japan Exchange and Euronext have already developed their own Blockchain-
based systems. Visa, Citibank, Capital One and Santander have invested over $30 million
in Blockchain-based applications. Ripple (payment network that can be used to transfer
different currencies, commodities or anything of value) is based on Blockchain (15 of the
world’s top 50 banks are working with Ripple). In 2018, Bank of England announced they
will set up a dedicated R&D team to the Blockchain. But many other sectors are
harnessing Blockchain. Therefore, the response to your question is: many
cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are Blockchain-based systems, but Blockchain isn’t
cryptocurrencies-based system. In other words, Blockchain is one the cornerstones of
cryptocurrencies, but not vice-versa.
Blockchain vs. Bitcoin. Source: Hicham QAISSI
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Let’s talk about Blockchain and industries other than Finance, Blockchain is
everywhere, every day we have news about companies from various sectors leveraging
Blockchain’s potential, tell me 4 or 5 industries where Blockchain has had a good
acceptance and really brings a clear added value.
Answer:
It's somehow daring to say Blockchain is suitable or appropriate to all and every industry,
that’s because there are sectors where Blockchain doesn’t bring a real added value or
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simply because of a lack of research on Blockchain opportunities in this sector. To
mention a few, we can see real uses in Travel industry, Property, Healthcare and Medical
Records, Digital Voting, Identity Management, Academic Scores and Certificates,
Predictions and Gambling, Food Track, Civil Aviation, Insurance, Car Leasing and Rentals,
Cloud Storage, Loyalties, Supply Chains, etc. In essence, in sectors of valued assets.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: What about the Smart Contracts and Decentralized Applications, what are
they and how are they related to Blockchain?
Answer: Decentralized Applications or simply dApps are small open source applications,
not controlled by one person or entity and run across a distributed Blockchain network
(for example Ethereum). dApps have no central server or entity controlling it. Even if
one computer on the network is hacked, it can’t make unauthorised changes to the
application as the majority of the network must agree to changes to be accepted. These
applications have the characteristic to be decentralized and peer-to-peer, this fact
allows to everyone create and distribute them with no necessity to approval or
validation of any company (i.e. Apple Store, Play Store, etc.).
On the other hand, Smart Contracts aren’t more than contracts written in machine code
and are executed in a Blockchain distributed ledger. They automatically verify, execute
and enforce the contract based on the terms written in the code. They can be partially
or fully self-executing. If the pre-set conditions are met, payments or value are
transferred based on the terms of the contract. Many consider them a virtual agreement
of transactions of services or assets which bring legal guarantee. The basic principle of
Smart Contracts is simply the famous algorithm “IF-THIS-THEN-THAT”.
Just like people and companies that reach agreements in natural language, and may or
may not take traditional contracts on paper, Smart Contracts replicate this same logic
automatically, in a distributed way, with less chance of disagreement and with more
reliable and solid results, since these are executed in a Blockchain (essential condition
so that we can speak of Smart Contract and not of simple computer program) and
conditions that trigger value transfer are meticulously coded.
As I’ve said, in a Smart Contract, there is no confusion when it comes to check the
conditions, for example, if the condition to trigger the transference of an assert is
transferring 10.000 euros from account A1 to account A2 on a specific day D, the fact to
transfer 5.000 euros two times or transfer 10.000 euros other day than day D or transfer
an amount greater than 10.000 euros, the condition won’t be met and the asset won’t
be transferred. Let’s say this is one of the advantages of Smart Contracts: there is no
room for confusion or fuzzy interpretation of events like in real contracts.
We could say the software of a vending machine is a very simple and rudimentary case
of Smart Contract (although it depends completely on the confidence that we will obtain
the product when introducing the currency). The machine is constantly listening to
possible events: selecting a staff or inserting coins. Once a staff is selected and coin is
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introduced, the first chunk of code to execute is checking whether the balance
(introduced coins sum) is greater or equal than the selected staff’s price, if so, the
machine delivers the staff. Once the staff is delivered, the last code chunk to execute is
checking whether the balance minus staff’s price is greater than zero, if so, the machine
returns the difference. It’s as simple as this, isn’t it?
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: How do Smart Contracts work?
Response: A series of inputs or values predefined by both parties are selected when
coding Smart Contracts. It is important that the code and the possible outputs fulfil the
requirements and expectations of the parties. Therefore, the logic of the contract must
strictly coincide with these. Once the Smart Contract is coded, it will spread on the
network and will be integrated into the Blockchain for execution. The Smart Contract
remains checking conditions to check whether they are met or not, if so, the outcomes
coded are executed (transferring assets). The Smart Contract parties remain
anonymous; however, the contract is public. They could have an expiration date.
Smart Contract lifecycle. Source: intellias.com
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: I can imagine the benefits of Smart Contracts regarding to traditional
contracts. What could you tell to people who still have doubts about Smart Contracts?
Response: Simply put, Smart Contracts are all advantages:
More precision and less ambiguity: If a Smart Contract is well coded, it will be
executed with no errors nor time lose. There should be no further confusion
regarding its outcome, or possible ambiguous interpretations of such results, so
this makes Smart Contracts do not need litigation after their execution.
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Get rid of trusted 3rd parties: Since the conditions of the contract are checked
automatically, with Smart Contract we get rid of third parties. An ordinary
contract always run along a third party; with the disadvantages this fact entails.
Traditional Contract vs. Smart Contract. Source: hackernoon.com
Security: Provided by the Blockchain, it makes Smart Contracts safe from
possible losses, theft, destruction, manipulation, etc.
Velocity: In this type of contracts there are no waiting times for validation or
verification by intermediaries, because simply there are no intermediaries.
Smart Contracts greatly reduce waiting times for revision, validation,
authentication and various bureaucracies
Consistency: Since all the parties involved in the contract can be sure that all are
seeing the same activity and the same results at all times, thus eliminates the
uncertainty and associated risks in cost of possible inconsistencies in conditions
and outcomes.
Traceability: We can check in which state a Smart Contract is and the progress
of the coded conditions.
Accountability: Decentralization and immutability of the contracts (due to
Blockchain) are the strong points of these contracts and their growing popularity.
The parties involved in the operation can know at all times what state the
contract is in.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Well explained. But, do Smart Contracts have any downside?
Answer: I wouldn’t say downsides but limitations:
Non spread Blockchain culture: Blockchain and Smarts Contracts are still on the
way to be well known and accepted.
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Non access to external network: Smart Contracts couldn’t check external
information such as weather information, stock exchanges rates, flights delays,
elections results, etc. This is why it’s necessary to connect them with other
components called Oracles to obtain certain needed information to execute the
Smart Contract.
Legal Issues: When parts aren’t in the same territory, legislations regarding
Smart Contracts could be different in each territory. This fact could add
ambiguousness when it comes to legal files. To avoid this possible issue, legal
experts suggest to add a clause in the same Smart Contract to define which
legislation is applicable in case of disagreements. Other fact affecting to this is
the platforms (Ethereum, Hyperledger, etc.) when Smart Contracts are located
and run have no known location.
GDPR: Information inserted in Smart Contracts is immutable. This fact could
collide with recitals 65 (the right to erasure / be forgotten) and 66 (the right to
rectification) of the General Data Protection Regulation.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Which sectors leverage the advantages of Smart contracts or which ones use
the Smart Contract the more?
Answer: Microfinance, Micro-Insurance, Flight-delay insurance, Voting Systems,
Mortgage, Supply Chain, Real Estate Market, Healthcare Services, Insurance Claim,
among others.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: Now, we have a large transversal vision of Blockchain and Smart Contracts,
could you tell me some real use case?
Answer: The net is full of use cases of Blockchain, many of them are provable cases and
many just speculations or pre-projects. I’ll show you some real noteworthy cases of use.
Use case 1. Agriculture: Decentralized insurance for farmers based on Smart Contracts
(Etherisc).
Coverage is set on a specific period, it could be monthly, fortnightly or on the whole
season (usually from September to May). The insured is covered from flood and drought.
On a specific day (agreed in the Smart Contract), the Smart Contract checks
precipitations and average temperature from a Weather Data provider such as a
recognised weather station or the National Institute of Meteorology (agreed in the
Smart Contract) to verify whether certain conditions are met or not. It generates a
report to be sent to the insured. In case of compensation, the Smart Contract triggers
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the payment of the compensation and the insured receives the money agreed in the
policy.
Agriculture Insurance based on Smart Contract (Etherisc). Source: medium.com
Use case 2. Civil Aviation: Flight delay insurance based on Smart Contract
AXA, the huge insurance company and perhaps the largest financial company in the
world, with total assets of one trillion dollars and an annual income of $ 6 billion, has
launched an insurance product based on Smart Contracts in the public Blockchain
Ethereum. The product is called Fizzy but it’s known as FlightDelay, whereby the insured
pays a small fee, then automatically receives compensation if the flight has a delay of
more than two hours. The automatic part is dealt by the Smart Contract through the
simple principle “IF-THIS-THEN-THAT”, while flight data is provided by third parties
(mainly IATA) and linked through different means with the Smart Contract. The fee to
pay depends on the aviation company punctuality index, season (flights are prone to
delays in Christmas and summer) and destinations, specially crowded ones.
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Flight Delay Insurance based on Smart Contract (AXA). Source: home.kpmg
Use case 3. Healthcare: Insurance based on Smart Contract
The patient buys the insurance with coverage, when there has been intervention or care
that is covered in one of the associated hospitals, he pays for it, executes the Smart
Contract for the return. The Smart Contract checks the information of the hospital
where the intervention took place and reimburses an amount based on the contracted
conditions. All patient medical records are inserted in the Blockchain and both hospitals
and patient can turn to it if necessary.
Robomed Network is a pioneer start-up in bringing Smart Contracts to healthcare
sphere. Smart Contract accomplishment secure the proper course of patient’s
treatment and reaches the effect desired.
Healthcare Insurance based on Smart Contract (Robomed). Source: bitcoinmagazine.com
Use case 4. Food track: Ambrosus
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Ambrosus. Food Track on Blockchain. Source: ethnews.com
Ambrosus is the fruit of blending 2 new technologies: Blockchain and IoT (Internet of
Things). It's based on tracking hardware: IoT chips and tracking doors, where a product
is automatically registered in the Blockchain network through all its value chain phases,
from the origin of raw material to the final product on shelves. This allows customers to
point their phone on their favourite cereal and find out where the ingredients come
from, if they are free of pesticides, if cold chain and storage temperature was always
correct, etc. Ambrosus assigns a digital identity to any physical or conceptual element in
the supply chain. According to their white paper “Ambrosus in 3 minutes…”, the assets
to be tracked could be individual pot of yogurt; a 6-pack of craft beer bottles; a pallet
filled with various cases of medicine; a truck; or a box filled with sensors. Every asset has
its unique and crypto-secured Ambrosus ID along with external universal codes such as
GLN or GS1. Ambrosus records and time-stamps any relevant information or event that
happens to one or multiple assets. Events always contain the following information
respecting the nomenclature 5W1H questions: WHAT (concerned assets), WHERE
(location of event), WHO (device/application/user that created the event), WHEN
(timestamp), WHY (business process step) and HOW (how event was developed). All this
information is inserted in the Blockchain.
Use case 5. Supply Chain: IBM and Maersk
To me, this use case is the most important of all shown in this Interview-based article.
Since the beginning of the shipping container in 1956 manual paper-based processes are
still common and the information about the containers and even goods inside is locked
away by bureaucratic issues in organizational silos. Today, 90% of goods in global trade
are carried by these shipping industries with the supply chain unhurried by the
complexity and sheer volume of point-to-point communications among involved actors:
transportation providers, freight forwarders, customs brokers, government's port and
ocean carriers.
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In a recent study by Maersk, shipping a simple container of flowers from Mombasa to
Rotterdam resulted in a stuck of nearly 200 communications. The same container needs
the intervention of three different agencies approving the export, six documents that
describe the origin chemical treatments quality of the product and customs duties.
IBM and Maersk have developed a distributed permission platform based on Blockchain
technology accessible by the supply chain ecosystem designed to exchange events data
and handle documents workflows. This solution creates a global tamper system for
digitizing trade workflow and tracking shipments end-to-end eliminating frictions
including point-to-point communication. Bureaucracy.
All these bureaucratic procedures are put into a Smart Contract that enforces an export
approval workflow between the three agencies. Every time an agency signs, the status
is updated for all to see simultaneously information about the inspection of the goods,
the ceiling of the refrigerated containers, the pick up by the trucker and the approval
from customs is communicated to source port allowing them to prepare for the
container. All actions related to documents and physical goods are captured and shared:
which documents were submitted, when and by whom, where the container is, who is
in possession, prevision of time arriving to destination port and so on.
IBM Blockchain for Maersk. Source: seatrade-maritime.com
Many could say, OK, why all this hype? this is absolutely feasible with an online
documentary manager solution. But, here the added value: the introduction of the
tiniest event with all its detail (what, where, when, who, why and how) in the Blockchain
and involved actors couldn't deny any action or delay caused by themselves.
For this industry, the Blockchain provides secure data exchange and a tamper proof
repository for these documents and shipping events. It helps enable unprecedented,
secure transparency across the global supply chain. This system significantly reduces
delays and fraud saving billions of dollars annually and according to the WTO, improves
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inventory management, minimize courier costs, reduce drastically delays from
paperwork, reduces waste, identify issues faster, reduces barriers within the
International supply could increase worldwide GDP by almost 4% and total trade volume
by 15%.
Use case 6. Art work tracking: Artory
Nowadays, art works collectors are more sceptical and risk averse than in the past. With
over 60% fear of buying fakes, and more than half of those who want to get better
procedural information for a purchase, collectors want to buy with absolute confidence.
Artory’s Blockchain-based Registry tracks and records provenance for art works and
collectibles, leveraging the industry’s first object-oriented database. Artory Registry is
also a platform to connect dealers, auction houses and collectors to work together in a
secure environment guarantying their anonymity. Artory certificates art works to give
this industry actors the absolute security.
Art works auction organised by Artory. Source: nytimes.com
It registers art works metadata such as name of artwork, artist, date of creation,
sensitiveness, tracking all purchases (dates of purchase, owners, locations, etc.),
historical of concessions to art galleries (art gallery name, location, reputation, director
name, dates of concessions, contracts, carriage companies, etc.), repairs (what, who,
when (start and end dates). All these metadata are registered immutably on the
Blockchain. Today, Artory becomes a reference and many auction houses and collectors
require the Artory’s certificate document before accepting dealing with an art work.
Use case 7. Diamond Tracking: Everledger
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Everledger was born in 2015 and is quite similar to Artory. It tracks all the diamond
supply chain, since miners to downstream-retailers. In short, Everledger stores in the
Blockchain the journey of diamonds from mine to consumer and covers a complex
landscape of legal, regulatory financial, manufacturing and commercial practices.
Current supply chains have to rely on intermediaries every step of the way, from
government officials to lawyers, accounts, dealers and banks, and of course, this adds
time, cost and fraud. Diamond smuggling and fraud, along with consumers and retailers’
not much ethical practices can avert governments from collecting fair export taxes and,
this is where Blockchain technology comes in.
Everledger Blockchain-based diamond platform. Source: altoros.com
Blockchain has the potential to eliminate these bad praxes with transparent
transactions. The Blockchain ledger records every sequence of transactions from
beginning to end. Everledger maintains on the Blockchain an historical ledger of
diamonds movements and metadata such as origin, processes cutting, polishing, colour,
measurements, masters artisans, certification, ownership, GIA code (Gemmological
Institute of America) and diamond serial number among others. Blockchain is
irreversible, that’s why it’s ideal for recording the mining, refining and distribution of
one of the most valuable goods in the world. Blockchain can easily trace a diamond from
the mine to the hands of consumer with exceptional security and transparency.
Everledger has since encrypted the provenance of over 2.5 million diamonds in a short
three years.
Use case 8. Voting: Japan. Social voting based on Blockchain
In 2018, in the Kanto Region (Japan), a new online voting system that incorporates
Blockchain has been introduced to let citizens vote for different social project proposals
(not General Elections). It was the first experience in the world.
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Blockchain-based voting system. Source: itsfoss.com
This voting system has many benefits: avoid and track fraud, a citizen can change their
vote until minutes before the deadline, and what is really amazing, a citizen can check
whether their vote had been taken into account in whole scrutiny. This is astonishing,
isn’t it?
Use case 9. Governments: EBP (European Blockchain Partnership)
Blockchain is a prominent opportunity for Europe and the member states to reconsider
their information systems, promotes user confidence and enhances the protection of
personal data, it helps creating new business opportunities and establishes new areas
of leadership, benefiting citizens, public services and companies and, why not, creating
appetizing content for R&D.
On April 10, 2018, 22 members of the European Union and Norway signed an agreement
called European Blockchain Partnership (EBP) in which they commit to cooperate in the
establishment of EBSI (European Blockchain Services Infrastructure), a common
infrastructure of the Euro zone based on Blockchain that would support the
development of social, economic and common policies applications. Months later, 5
more EU countries joined EBP.
As of the date of this interview (July 2019), the 28 countries members of the Euro zone,
together with Norway, have invested more than 80 million Euros to encourage and
accelerate the deployment of EBSI. It is expected that this investment would reach 300
million euros by the end of 2020.
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EU Border Control based on Blockchain (Pseudo Project). Source: Hicham QAISSI
One of these projects is the border control within the Euro zone and Norway
guaranteeing maximum security and privacy. It is estimated that by the end of 2019, the
European Commission in collaboration with EBP, would initiate the first EBSI
developments aimed at the management of border control. This project comes to
overcome a deficiency/lack: the lack of a database distributed, immutable, transparent,
private and updated almost in real time containing traffic information of people with
the aim of combating trafficking in persons, drug trafficking, terrorism, money
laundering and weapons trafficking among others.
Use case 10. High education: certifying diplomas (Checkdiploma)
Checkdiploma is a French start-up specialised in securing and certifying diplomas
leveraging the power of Blockchain (Ethereum). Their project's purpose is to allow
universities from all over the world to certify the diplomas of their graduates through a
public Blockchain-based distributed database. It has a good acceptance in France and
Germany. Their platform serves three collectives:
Universities: who will have an immutable, public and decentralized platform to
register issued diplomas.
Graduates: who will easily prove the authenticity of their diplomas.
Recruiters: who will check with a simple click whether a diploma is authentic or
not.
Checkdiploma start-up based on Blockchain. Source: checkdiploma.org
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All the graduating diplomas are certified through a Smart Contract. PDF diploma Hash
(digital fingerprint) is calculated and added to the Smart Contract. When all diplomas
are published, the Smart Contract is closed and published on the public Ethereum.
Afterwards, the Smart Contract address and the diplomas list (Hashes) are listed on the
university website.
How to check if a diploma is authentic (Recruiters & Universities):
Universities: Upload the PDF to CheckDiploma: Hash is calculated and checked
on all Smart Contract addresses
Recruiters:
o Calculate employee’s PDF diploma Hash.
o Go to the university website, recover Smart Contract address (on an
Ethereum block explorer) and the graduating list id.
o Check if the list of Hashes contains the hash of the PDF.
_______________________________________________________________________
Question: It’s amazing what Blockchain brings to our lives. What’s the future of
Blockchain and what will we hear about this world the next years?
Answer: Well, many industries are developing Blockchain-based systems, others,
already work with it. Because of security issues, companies and governments are
welcoming Blockchain technology but in a centralized schema. Individuals programmers
and small-scale project welcome the distributed version. The World Economic Forum
anticipates that 10% of global GDP will be stored on the blockchain by 2025.
Distributed ledgers not based on Blockchain are emerging. In 2017, Japan gave its
blessing to Bitcoin. In 2018, Australia removed taxes on cryptocurrencies to attract
Fintech’s companies to do business in Australia. In the same year, ERP (European
Blockchain Partnership) was created with 28 members and Denmark. ERP creates the
EBSI (European Blockchain Services and Infrastructures). In 2018, Japan celebrates their
1st local social elections based on Blockchain.
Major banks around the globe are developing their own Blockchain to handle
transactions, exchanges among currencies. In 2020 Estonia will base its tax collection
and healthcare systems in Blockchain.
Nowadays, we can see the creation of Blockchain consortiums such as:
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Bankchain: A community of banks to explore, build and implement blockchain
solutions. Its origin was Primechain Technologies and it was formed in February
2017. BankChain has 37 members and 9 live projects (July 2019).
Diamante Blockchain: A network offering members and clients a universal
platform based on Blockchain to make the diamond supply chain world reliable
and safe.
GBBC (Global Blockchain Business Council): This Swiss-based non-profit
organisation was launched during the 2017 Annual World Economic Forum in
Davos, Switzerland, with innovative and research organisations from across 40
countries, its main aim is to give Blockchain a better understanding.
Hashed Health: Is a global community for healthcare organizations, developers
and entrepreneurs to look for new ways and opportunities to leverage the
Blockchain potential in healthcare industry.
ChinaLedger: A organisation that researches and develops methods to build
“Internet of Everything” applications for organisations in such a way that fulfil
China’s regulatory environment. According to Cisco and others, the is $15 trillion
worth by 2025.
ISO: Non-governmental independent and international organization of 162
members. It brings new ideas and knowledge to help international Standards
that support innovation to Blockchain and other technologies.
B3i: A Blockchain insurance industry initiative founded in 2016 as a coaction of
insurers and reinsurers. Its aim is to explore the potential of using Distributed
Ledger Technologies within the Insurance industry in pursuit of welfare of all
stakeholders in the value chain.
In conclusion, the world is still discovering the potential of Blockchain and new ways to
leverage it. A large number of experts concur in 3 essential points:
• Blockchain only provides added value to valuable assets.
• Blockchain-based systems won’t disrupt existing industries in the short time.
• Blockchain is not the answer to all humanity’s misfortunes.
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References
[1] https://www.diamanteblockchain.com/consortium.html
[2] https://bitcoinwiki.co/china-joins-the-blockchain-race-with-chinaledger-alliance/
[3]https://medium.com/impact-insurance/the-potential-of-blockchain-from-flight-
delay-to-agriculture-insurance-eb774e8f8508
[4]https://www.trustnodes.com/2018/06/18/axa-launches-ethereum-smart-contract-
insurance-product-flight-delays
[5] https://tech.ambrosus.com/
[6] ibm.com/blockchain
[7]http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/maersk-partners-with-ibm-on-
blockchain-solution-for-container-shipping.html
[8] https://itsfoss.com/japan-blockchain-voting/
[9] https://www.eublockchainforum.eu
[10] https://checkdiploma.org/works
[11] https://blog.blockport.io/what-is-a-distributed-ledger/
[12] https://bitcoinist.com/bitcoin-vs-ethereum/
[13] https://www.everledger.io/industry-applications
[14] Blockchain Revolution. Dan Tapscott. ISBN 978-1101980149.
[15] Blockchain. Ultimate guide to understanding Blockchain. Mark Gates. ISBN: 978-
1547090686.
[16] Blockchain: A Guide to Blockchain. Brendan Gallagher. ISBN: 978-1386321811.