Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian state-owned power equipment manufacturing company. It has a 59% market share in India's power generation and supplies equipment for power, transmission, industry, transportation and renewable energy sectors. BHEL operates 15 manufacturing divisions and has installed over 90,000 MW of power generation capacity in India. The presentation provides an overview of BHEL's facilities and products, describes key components of thermal power plants like turbines, boilers and condensers, and discusses the operation and efficiency of thermal power plants.
training report on steam turbine manufacturingaryannigam
This industrial training report provides an overview of the author's training experience at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India from June to July 2016. The report includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, index and sections on BHEL, steam turbines, the BHEL facility in Haridwar, manufacturing processes, machines used, and a conclusion. The author gained exposure to all sections of turbine assembly and was provided explanations of steam turbine types, parts, construction features, and the arrangement of machines in the turbine block.
This document provides an overview of a 6-week industrial training completed at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Ranipur, Haridwar, India. The training focused on the manufacturing process of 600 MW stator bars. The author acknowledges and thanks the various people at BHEL who provided guidance and support during the training, including the training coordinator, project guides, and those who oversaw the project work on stator bar manufacturing.
This document provides an industrial training report on steam turbine manufacturing at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. It includes an acknowledgement, abstract, introduction to BHEL and its units including the Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant and Central Foundry Forge Plant in Haridwar. The document then discusses the manufacturing of steam turbines, including the principle of operation, advantages, disadvantages and design process. It also covers types of steam turbines, turbine parts, blade features, classifications of blocks in BHEL Haridwar, and the blade shop operations.
The document provides details about the vocational training report submitted by Yash Kumar Natani at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. It includes information about BHEL such as its establishment, units across India, and contributions to different sectors like power, transmission, transportation, and industries. It then describes BHEL Haridwar, its Central Foundry Forge Plant and Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant divided into multiple blocks manufacturing products like turbo generators, motors, fabricated components, steam and gas turbines.
general awareness in steam turbine manufacturingGaurav Sharma
This document provides an overview of steam turbines and their manufacturing process at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL). It defines a steam turbine, describes the main types (impulse and reaction), and lists the key components. The turbines manufactured at BHEL include high, intermediate, and low pressure turbines. The document outlines the main machines used in the manufacturing process, such as milling machines and lathes, and describes the various working areas at BHEL involved in turbine production.
1) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy and infrastructure sectors.
2) BHEL manufactures power generation and transmission equipment including steam turbines, gas turbines, generators, and transformers.
3) BHEL is one of the nine largest state-owned enterprises in India designated as a "Navratna" company, which provides more operational and financial autonomy.
This document provides an overview of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), India's largest power equipment manufacturer. It discusses BHEL's business sectors including power, industry, transmission, transportation, and renewable energy. It also describes BHEL's manufacturing facilities, major products like turbines, transformers, traction motors, and technical collaborations. The document highlights BHEL's role in developing India's power sector and its growing international operations in over 68 countries.
The document provides background information on Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), including that it was established in 1964 to make India self-reliant in manufacturing heavy electrical equipment, it has grown to have 17 manufacturing units and supplies over 180 products across various sectors, and has played a key role in developing India's power sector with over 138 GW of installed capacity based on BHEL-supplied equipment.
In my Industrial Training in B.H.E.L., Haridwar I go through all sections in Turbine Manufacturing. First management team told me about the history of industry, Area, Capacity, Machines installed & Facilities in the Industry.
After that they told about the Steam Turbine its types , parts like Blades, Casing, Rotor etc. Then they told full explanation of constructional features and procedure along with equipment used. Before telling about the machines used in Manufacturing of Blade, they told about the safety precautions, Step by Step arrangement of machines in the block with a well defined proper format. They also told the material of blade for a particular desire, types of Blades, Operations performed on Blades, their New Blade Shop less with Advance Technology like CNC Shaping Machine.
The document provides an industrial training report on turbine manufacturing at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. It includes an acknowledgment, abstract, and index sections. The body of the report discusses BHEL's history and facilities, an introduction to steam turbines, the types and parts of steam turbines, constructional features of turbine blades, and the layout and operations of BHEL's Blade Shop for manufacturing turbine blades. The report aims to explain the turbine manufacturing process at BHEL based on the author's industrial training experience.
Maaz arif (mba ib) bhel internship reportMaaz Arif
BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company that produces power generation and transmission equipment. It has 14 manufacturing divisions, 4 power sector regional centers, over 100 project sites, 8 service centers and 14 regional offices across India. The report provides an overview of BHEL's organization structure, financial performance, human resources, units, products, international operations, and SWOT analysis. BHEL is a major supplier to India's power, industry, transportation and other sectors.
This is my Summer Training Report in B.H.E.L., Haridwar on General Awareness Of Steam Turbine in Turbine Block-III in the period 17/06/13 to 31/07/13.
I would like to thank My Mentor Mr. Alok Shukla Sir, My Guide Asst. Prof. Mr. Anuj Dixit Sir. Without their guidance and efforts it was impossible to achieve.
The document provides an overview of the author's industrial training at BHEL Haridwar. It discusses the key sections involved in turbogenerator construction, including stator and rotor bar manufacturing. Safety precautions and the step-by-step arrangement of machinery are emphasized. The author expresses gratitude to their trainer and all those who contributed to their training and report.
The switchyard at GAIL Pata receives two 220kV incoming feeds from the NTPC Auraiya substation which are stepped down to 33kV by two 40MVA transformers. The 220kV side uses SF6 circuit breakers while the 33kV side uses vacuum circuit breakers. The 33kV power is fed to the main substation (SS#1) which has four sections of 33kV busbars connected in parallel. A 15.6MW steam turbine generator is connected to bus section 2 and a 25.5MW steam turbine generator is connected to bus section 3 to provide power to the plant.
I completed summer training from bhel ranipur haridwar (maharatana comapany) namely PSUs .I Go in the all section such as assembly section,grinding section,steam turbine section,gasturbine section and blade section .in this there is various machines and completed a new project such as latest project is 10,000 MW plant in gadwara distict of tamil nadu in sourthern region where BHEL employees cover most of the work.BHEL 1 section divedes in Bay and blocks.similar types of section have their own incharge .
Bhel haridwar vocational training report block 1khemraj298
This document provides an overview and summary of the author's vocational training report at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. It acknowledges those who supported the training. The index outlines sections on BHEL's contributions to different sectors, an overview of the BHEL plant in Haridwar, and a focus on turbo generators. Key components of turbo generators discussed include the stator, rotor, bearings, cooling system, and excitation system.
The document provides information about IOCL Noonmati Guwahati refinery including:
1. It describes the refinery's location, capacity, and major products which include LPG, gasoline, diesel, and petroleum coke.
2. It outlines some key mechanical equipment used in refineries like pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, valves, and bearings.
3. It provides an overview of some refinery units including the crude distillation unit to separate crude oil fractions, the INDMAX unit to produce light olefins and gasoline, and the planning section which manages refinery maintenance and operations.
BHEL MECHANICAL ( 4TH YEAR ) INTERNSHIP -BLOCK-3(TURBINE SHOP)Abhishek Chaudhary
This industrial training report submitted by Abhishek Chaudhary provides an overview of his training at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India from June-July 2014. The report includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, index and sections on the introduction to BHEL, steam turbines, types of steam turbines, BHEL units and facilities, the turbine manufacturing process, and the blade shop.
Kerala electricals & and allied engineering co. ltd.Thomas john
This document provides an overview and analysis of Kerala Electrical and Allied Engineering Company (KEL). KEL is a public sector undertaking owned by the government of Kerala that was established in 1964. It has four manufacturing units that produce products like transformers, switch gears, and structural engineering components. The document discusses KEL's vision, mission, organizational structure, functional departments, capital structure, market potential, and SWOT analysis. It identifies strengths like expertise, financial soundness, and goodwill, as well as weaknesses like resource wastage and slow decision-making. Opportunities for diversification and expansion are noted along with threats from competition and regulations.
Wave Dragon Project In Wales Power Gen 2006de.friismadsen
The document discusses plans for the world's largest wave energy project in 2007 in Wales using the Wave Dragon technology. The Wave Dragon device is a floating wave energy converter that can be deployed individually or in arrays. It works by using the overtopping of waves to drive hydro turbines to generate electricity. The Wales project aims to demonstrate a 4-11 MW Wave Dragon unit and help advance the technology towards commercial viability. It will be located off the coast of Wales and connected to the local power grid.
The document summarizes the development of a 1.5 MW Wave Dragon North Sea Demonstrator. It discusses the Wave Dragon technology which uses wave energy focusing and overtopping to fill an above sea level reservoir, from which low-head variable speed propeller turbines generate power. A 57m wide 200 tonne Wave Dragon prototype was deployed in 2003 and connected to the grid, representing the world's first floating wave energy converter. The document outlines objectives to develop larger 4-11 MW Wave Dragon power plant units with a production price of 0.04 €/kWh by 2016.
This industrial training report provides a summary of the author's training at BHEL Haridwar. It includes sections on BHEL's history and facilities, an overview of steam turbines including types and parts. Manufacturing processes at BHEL like the blade shop are described. The conclusion expresses gratitude to those who supported the training.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopediagulab sharma
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company serving core sectors such as power generation, transmission and distribution. It has over 44,000 employees and annual revenue of Rs 214.97 billion. BHEL manufactures and supplies equipment for over 90,000 MW of power generation in India, accounting for over 65% of power equipment in the country. Headquartered in New Delhi, it has multiple manufacturing and project sites across India.
This document provides an overview of the manufacturing process for 500 MW stator bars at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. BHEL is a large public sector undertaking and India's largest power equipment manufacturer. The stator bar manufacturing process involves several steps: cutting conductors to size, transposing strands, stack pressing, forming bends, pickling, brazing, water and nitrogen testing, insulation, impregnation and baking, leakage testing, and finishing including varnishing. The quality checks and tests at various stages aim to ensure the bars can withstand thermal, mechanical and electrical stresses under operating conditions in large power generators.
This document contains information about an individual named Jacky Dhanwani. It includes details about their date of birth, age, education history, career interests in finance, and MBA program. Personal interests include working with numbers, watching the stock market, playing chess, and donating blood. Skills listed are time management, analytical abilities, and Microsoft Office programs. Strengths mentioned are accuracy, punctuality, and being goal oriented. Some achievements include earning money from stock investments and participating in business competitions. Contact information provided is several email addresses and phone numbers.
BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED reportvijay varma
This document provides an overview of an industrial training report submitted by a student from KL University at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Hyderabad, India. The report covers analytical studies conducted on steam turbines and power plant cycles during the student's 2-month internship in 2014. Key areas covered in the report include an introduction to BHEL, equipment manufactured by BHEL, common power plant cycles like Rankine, reheating and combined cycles, main power plant equipment, components and systems of steam turbines.
This research report analyzes Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) and recommends a buy. It notes that BHEL has formed a triangle pattern signaling an upcoming breakout. The analyst recommends entering a long position between 237-244 rupees per share with a target price of 255-260 rupees and a stop loss of 232 rupees. The report concludes that BHEL shows upside potential of 6-8% over the next 10-15 days but notes that the recommendations are based on the author's technical analysis skills and may not be accurate. Readers should use their own judgment.
BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company. It was established in 1956 as Heavy Electricals India Limited and is now a Navratna PSU. BHEL has over 43,500 employees working across various manufacturing plants and project sites in India and abroad. It generates 73% of India's total power and supplies equipment to core sectors like power, transportation and oil & gas. BHEL is also a leader in renewable energy technologies and has undertaken many solar, wind and hydro projects. It is one of the largest exporters of power generation and transmission technologies from India.
This document provides technical data for the erection of a 500 MW steam turbine from KWU design. It includes specifications for the turbine construction including cylinders, valves, speeds, pressures, temperatures, and limitations. Key details include it being a three cylinder reheat condensing turbine with 17 reaction stages in the high pressure cylinder and 12 reaction stages per flow in the double flow intermediate pressure cylinder. The rated steam conditions and permissible operating values are also provided.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company engaged in designing, manufacturing, and servicing a wide range of products for power, transmission, industry, transportation, and other sectors. Established in 1964, BHEL has grown to include 17 manufacturing units, two repair units, and other facilities across India and abroad. BHEL has a 57% market share in India's total installed power generation capacity and has contributed significantly to making India self-reliant in manufacturing heavy electrical equipment. The document provides details on BHEL's history and operations, research and development activities, and computer numeric control (CNC) machines.
Bhel summer training (industrial training) reportRatnesh Ahirwar
Bhel summer training (industrial training) report-This report contain latest and important information about BHEL Bhopal unit and very helpful to engineering students.
This document discusses a minor training report submitted by Ayushi Pandey to Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Bhopal, India. It provides certificates signed by her project guide acknowledging her work. It also includes acknowledgements, preface, table of contents, and begins discussing BHEL and its manufacturing units in Bhopal, as well as some of its major product lines including turbines, generators, transformers and control equipment.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED, LUCKNOWAdrija Chowdhury
reviewed overall ACCESSORIES DIVISION, HAL, LUCKNOW. Emphasized major points on HAL history, their motto...how the industrial training can be fruitful to the aspiring engineers
An FMS is a computer system that automates many flight tasks, reducing crew workload. It helps navigate the aircraft along the flight plan using sensors like GPS. From the cockpit, the FMS is controlled through a display unit with a screen and keyboard. The FMS calculates the optimal flight route and sends the flight plan to displays. Modern FMS units integrate navigation, performance, and fuel management and are controlled through a single display unit.
The document provides an overview of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), including its vision, products, manufacturing units, sectors, and key manufacturing processes. BHEL is one of India's largest engineering and manufacturing companies focused on power, industry, transportation, and defense with 15 manufacturing divisions. The presentation describes BHEL's main products such as steam turbines, gas turbines, transformers, and discusses manufacturing activities at its Ramachandrapuram unit including machine shops and machining of steam turbine casings.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) located in West Bengal, India. It is owned by the Damodar Valley Corporation and has a total installed capacity of 2340 MW generated from various units. The document describes the key components of the thermal power plant including the coal handling system, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, and switchyard. It also provides a step-by-step explanation of how coal is converted into electrical energy within the power station.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) in West Bengal, India. It discusses:
1. MTPS is operated by Damodar Valley Corporation and has a total installed capacity of 2340 MW generated from various units.
2. The power plant layout includes the main equipment used in the generation process such as the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling towers.
3. The stepwise operation begins with coal being burned in the boiler to produce high pressure steam, which is then used to rotate the turbine and generate electricity via the alternator.
This document provides an overview of the Badarpur Thermal Power Station (BTPS) owned and operated by NTPC Limited, the largest power generation company in India. It summarizes that BTPS was established in 1973 and transferred to NTPC in 1978. It now has a total installed capacity of 720 MW from 5 units. The document then describes the basic working principles of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle. It provides diagrams of the typical processes and components involved, including the boiler, turbines, condenser, reheater, and others. Finally, it gives more details on some of the key components and maintenance departments at BTPS.
This document provides an overview of the Badarpur Thermal Power Station (BTPS) owned and operated by NTPC Limited, the largest power generation company in India. It summarizes that BTPS was established in 1973 and transferred to NTPC in 1978. It now has a total installed capacity of 720 MW from 5 units. The document then describes the basic working principles of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle. It provides diagrams of the typical processes and components involved, including the boiler, turbines, condenser, reheater, and others. Finally, it gives more details on some of the key components and maintenance departments at BTPS.
Thermal power plants convert the heat energy from burning coal into electrical energy. Coal is burned in a boiler to produce steam which spins a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. The main equipment includes the coal handling plant, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser and cooling towers. Thermal power is a major source of electricity in many countries but produces carbon emissions and other pollutants. The document provides an overview of how thermal power plants work and their advantages of low-cost fuel but also disadvantages of environmental impacts.
NTPC Dadri power plant has an installed capacity of 2642 MW including 1820 MW from thermal units and 817 MW from gas units. It sources coal from Piparwara mine in Jharkhand and water from Upper Ganga Canal. The basic processes include coal handling, combustion in boilers to produce steam, steam passing through turbines to generate electricity, and condensation of steam in condensers. Key components are coal handling plant, boilers, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, ESPs for emissions control, and chimney. Fly ash is a byproduct that is used in construction materials.
This document provides an overview of the key components and processes in a thermal power plant. It describes how coal is combusted to generate steam, which powers turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The main equipment includes the coal handling plant, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers, feedwater heaters, and auxiliary components like the ash handling plant and electrostatic precipitator. Thermal power plants are one of the primary sources of electricity generation in many countries due to their ability to efficiently convert the chemical energy in coal into electrical energy.
The document provides information about Vikas Kr. Singh's summer training at the NTPC power plant in Dadri. It discusses the key details of the power plant, including its installed capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic working of the thermal power generation process, from coal handling to power generation in the turbine and generator. It also summarizes the functions of important components in the plant like the boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, and switchyard equipment.
The document provides information about the Indira Gandhi Thermal Power Plant located in Jharli, Jhajjar, Haryana. It is a 3x500MW coal-based thermal power plant established on 2,191 acres of land by Aravali Power Company Private Limited. The plant uses a steam turbine generator process to convert the thermal energy of coal into electrical energy, which is then transmitted through a 400kV transmission system. It describes the key components of a thermal power plant including the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and coal and ash handling systems.
Ntpc dadri thermal power plant & switchyardI.E.T. lucknow
The document provides information about a summer training program at the NTPC power plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the installed capacity of the plant, which includes 1820 MW of thermal capacity and 817 MW of gas capacity. It then describes the various components and processes within the thermal power station, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, and electrical equipment. It also provides a brief overview of the switchyard station and some of its key electrical components.
This presentations contains the basic layout of a thermal power palnt along with the components.Coal and it's types.Future of thermal power plant in India.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) in West Bengal, India. It discusses the technical specifications of the power station, including its total installed capacity of 2340MW generated across 8 units. It then summarizes the key components and processes within a thermal power plant, including the steam turbine, boiler system, coal handling plant, water treatment plant, and electrical operations like the generator and transformers. The document concludes by thanking those involved in the vocational training program at MTPS.
A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of coal into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler to produce steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator. Thermal power plants provide the majority of electricity in India. The key components of a thermal power plant include the coal handling system, pulverizers, draft fans, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers, feedwater heaters and others. Thermal power has advantages of using cheap fuel and low initial costs but has disadvantages of polluting the atmosphere. Large thermal power plants in Gujarat include Mundra, Wanakbori and Ukai.
The document is a seminar presentation on thermal power plants. It discusses the classification, layout, components and working of thermal power plants. The main components discussed are the coal handling plant, pulverizing plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, feedwater heater and economizer. Thermal power plants in Rajasthan like Kota, Suratgarh, Giral, Chhabra and Kalisindh are also summarized along with their installed capacities and commissioning details. Advantages, limitations and site selection parameters for thermal plants are also highlighted.
Thank you for the detailed report on your industrial training at Kota Super Thermal Power Station. I have learned a lot about how a steam power plant works. Please let me know if you have any other questions.
The document provides information about thermal power plants, including:
1. Thermal power plants generate electricity by heating water to create steam that spins turbines which drive generators.
2. Efficiencies are typically 33-48% due to heat loss, and diagrams show the coal combustion and steam cycle processes.
3. Major advantages are low fuel costs and flexibility in siting, while disadvantages include atmospheric pollution and higher operating costs versus hydroelectric plants.
The document provides information about Kolaghat Thermal Power Station located in West Bengal, India. It has six units totaling 1,260 MW capacity. The power plant uses a steam turbine process to convert the heat from burning coal into electrical energy. It describes the main equipment used including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and electrical equipment like transformers and generators. The document provides technical specifications for many of the major components.
The document provides information about the generation of thermal power at NTPC Dadri power plant. It discusses how coal is burned in boilers to generate high pressure steam which is used to spin turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The key components of the thermal power plant discussed are the boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers and electrical equipment like transformers. It also describes the coal handling process and techniques used to handle ash waste from coal combustion like electrostatic precipitators.
This document provides an overview of an industrial in-plant training report submitted by Batch-8 at the Dr. NARLA TATA RAO Thermal Power Station. It includes an acknowledgment, index, abstract on thermal power and coal, introduction to the power station, purpose of the visit, working of the power station, details of the units, and descriptions of the coal handling plant, boiler, and boiler auxiliaries like the economizer and superheater. The report aims to provide trainees knowledge about the practical workings of a thermal power generation plant through their visit.
The report provides detailed insights into project economics, including capital investments, project funding, operating expenses, income and expenditure projections, fixed costs vs. variable costs, direct and indirect costs, expected ROI and net present value (NPV), profit and loss account, financial analysis, etc.
India's 5 Most Promising E-Mobility Companies 2024.pdfinsightssuccess2
These Insights Success ‘India's 5 Most Promising E-Mobility Companies || 2024,’ represent just a glimpse of the vibrant Indian EV landscape. With continuous innovation and government support, India is well on its way to becoming a global leader in electric mobility.
This case study underscores upGrad's role in reshaping education through internet-driven innovation, illustrating its commitment to empowering learners and fostering career growth in the digital age.
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1. **Team Strength**:
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Discover the power of virtual paralegals! Learn how to streamline your legal practice with remote paralegal support. This Slideshare presentation explores the benefits, roles, and essential skills of virtual paralegals. Optimize your workflow and boost efficiency.
Qatar Airways Kuwait Office serves as a crucial hub for travelers in Kuwait seeking premium air travel services. Located conveniently in the heart of Kuwait City, the office offers a range of services including flight bookings, ticketing, and assistance with itinerary planning. Dedicated staff are available to provide personalized support, ensuring a seamless travel experience. The office also offers information on Qatar Airways' extensive network, luxury amenities, and special offers. Known for its exceptional customer service, the Qatar Airways Kuwait Office is committed to delivering a high standard of service and addressing any travel-related inquiries promptly. For business and leisure travelers alike, it’s the gateway to exploring global destinations with ease.
As a Carbon footprint consultancy in Agile Advisors, measuring each person's carbon footprint aims to make each person responsible for their share of greenhouse gas emissions. It seeks to persuade people to live more sustainably and make decisions that benefit the environment. However, businesses and large-scale commercial activities are the primary sources of most of the world's greenhouse gas emissions rather than private individuals. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that roughly 100 enterprises globally account for over 70% of carbon dioxide emissions. This startling figure shows that no person's efforts can end the global catastrophe alone. However, on a smaller scale, our individual decisions do matter. Adopting sustainable practices by a group of people can have a cascading effect that affects more prominent organizations and changes policies. Ocean circulation and solar reflectance are two global-scale feedbacks that are linked to changes in the cryosphere.
Agile Advisors provides Carbon footprint consultancy In Dubai, the amount of carbon that exists on Earth remains constant. When dinosaurs walked the Earth millions of years ago, it was precisely the same as it is now. The atmosphere, oceans, and living things contain the remaining carbon, primarily stored in reservoirs or sinks, such as rocks and sediments. When plants and animals breathe, carbon is released back into the atmosphere. An essential component of all life on Earth is carbon—the fundamental element of life; carbon aids in forming living things' bodies. Its compounds form gases, liquids, and solids. While lowering one's carbon footprint is something that people should aim to do, addressing the structural problems that lead to climate catastrophe is also crucial. In order to contribute, governments, businesses, and other organizations must implement policies that support renewable energy, invest in environmentally friendly infrastructure, and control emissions from large enterprises.
We are Carbon footprint consultancy In UAE, Carbon dioxide, carbonate, and hydrogen carbonate comprise the bulk of inorganic carbon. Carbon is constantly moving in both directions between the organic and inorganic forms. Inorganic carbon is converted to organic carbon from its oxidized form when photosynthesis occurs. Airborne oxygen can oxidize organic carbon, mainly by respiration (breathing). The Earth's crust contains more than 99 per cent of the carbon involved in the carbon cycle. Most of this carbon is biological, having been deposited on the ocean floor by the skeletal remains of numerous marine animals that employ calcium carbonate to make their shells and skeletons. These deposits could eventually consolidate into limestone. The equilibrium between CO2 sources and sinks—sources release CO2, while sinks take in and store it—determines the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
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2024's Top Chief Revenue Officers to Follow.pdfTHECIOWORLD
He exemplifies this approach by his unshakable commitment to generating results and his relentless drive, as evidenced by his over 15 years of experience in the industry. As an accomplished professional in the diversified industry of telecommunications, his story illustrates the power of enthusiasm and tenacity to propel success.
Solution manual for canadian income taxation 20222023 25th edition by william...stanslausnzuki569
Solution manual for canadian income taxation 20222023 25th edition by william buckwold joan kitunen matthew roman.pdf
Solution manual for canadian income taxation 20222023 25th edition by william buckwold joan kitunen matthew roman.pdf
2. Overview of BHEL
BHEL was established in 1964.
BHEL is one of the only 7 Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) of India clubbed under the
esteemed 'Maharatna' status. On 1st February 2013, the Government of
India granted Maharatna status to BHEL.
BHEL has a share of 59% in India’s total installed generating capacity contributing 69%
(approx.) to the total power generated from utility sets (excluding non-conventional capacity) as
of March 31, 2012.
BHEL is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning
and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz.
Power, Transmission, Industry, Transportation (Railway), Renewable Energy, Oil & Gas and
defence.
BHEL has 15 manufacturing divisions, two repair units, four regional offices, eight service centers
and 15 regional centers and currently operate at more than 150 project sites across India and
abroad.
3. BHEL has
Installed equipment for over 90000MW of power generation-for utilities, captive and
industrial users.
Supplied over 225000MW a transformer capacity and other equipment operating in
transmission and distribution network up to 400Kv (AC& DC)
Supplied over 25000 motors with drive control system to power projects, petro
chemicals, refineries, steel, aluminium, fertilizers, cement plants etc.
Supplied traction electrics and AC/DC locos to power over 12000kms railway network.
Supplied over one million valves to power plants and other industries.
4. Main Manufacturing Facilities
Heavy Electrical Plant, Bhopal
Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant, Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
Heavy Power Equipment Plant, Ramachandrapuram, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
Transformer Plant, BHEL Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh)
High Pressure Boiler Plant and Seamless Steel Tube Plant, Trichy(Tamil Nadu)
Boiler Auxiliaries Plant, Ranipet, Vellore (Tamil Nadu)
Electronics Division and Electro Porcelain Division, Bangalore (Karnataka)
Centralised Stamping Unit & Fabrication Plant(Uttar Pradesh)
Power plant piping unit, Thirumayam (Tamil Nadu)
Power plant fabrication unit, Gondia (under construction)
Insulator Plant Jagdishpur (Uttar Pradesh)
Component Fabrication Plant Rudrapur (Uttrakhand)
Industrial Valves Plant, Goindwal (Punjab)
Bharat Heavy Plates and Vessels Limited (Vizag)
BHEL Electrical Machines Ltd., Kasaragod (Kerala)
7. Generator:
Operating Principle: The rotor is mounted
on a shaft driven by mechanical prime
mover.
A field winding (rotating ) carries a DC
current to produce a constant magnetic
field. An AC voltage is induced in the 3-
phase stator winding (stationary) to
produce electrical Power.
The electrical frequency of the 3-phase
output depends upon the mechanical speed
and the number of poles.
3-phases output is directly connected to
load.
8. Steam Turbine
A steam turbine is a device that
extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to
do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.
The steam turbine is a form
of heat engine that derives much
of its improvement in
thermodynamic efficiency from
the use of multiple stages in the
expansion of the steam, which
results in a closer approach to the
ideal reversible expansion process.
9. Pulverizer
The coal is put in the boiler after pulverization. For this pulverizer is used.
A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a
power plant.
Types of Pulverizers:
i)Ball and Tube Mill
ii) Ring and Ball
10. Boiler
Boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is
heated and circulated until the water is
turned in to steam at the required pressure.
Coal is burned inside the combustion
chamber of boiler. The products of
combustion are nothing but gases. These
gases which are at high temperature
vaporize the water inside the boiler to
steam.
Boilers are classified as:
1. Fire tube boilers
2. Water tube boilers
3. Superheater
4. Reheater
11. Condenser
Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser. Condenser refers
here to the shell and tube heat exchanger (or surface condenser) installed
at the outlet of every steam turbine in Thermal power stations of utility
companies.
The purpose is to condense the outlet (or exhaust) steam from steam
turbine to obtain maximum efficiency and also to get the condensed
steam in the form of pure water, otherwise known as condensate, back to
steam generator or (boiler) as boiler feed water.
Condensers are classified as:
i)Jet condensers or contact condensers,
ii)Surface condensers.
12. Cooling Towers
The condensate (water) formed in the
condenser after condensation is
initially at high temperature. This hot
water is passed to cooling towers.
It is a tower- or building-like device in
which atmospheric air (the heat
receiver) circulates in direct or
indirect contact with warmer water
(the heat source) and the water is
thereby cooled.
Types Of Cooling Tower-
1. Wet cooling tower
2. Dry cooling tower
13. Economizer
Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry
lot of heat. Function of economizer is to
recover some of the heat from the heat
carried away in the flue gases up the
chimney and utilize for heating the feed
water to the boiler.
It is placed in the passage of flue gases in
between the exit from the boiler and the
entry to the chimney.
The use of economizer results in saving
in coal consumption, increase in
steaming rate and high boiler efficiency
but needs extra investment and increase
in maintenance costs and floor area
required for the plant.
14. Electrostatic Precipitator
It is a device which removes dust or other finely
divided particles from flue gases by charging the
particles inductively with an electric field, then
attracting them to highly charged collector plates.
Some of the usual applications are:
(1) Removal of dirt from flue gases in steam plants
(2) Cleaning of air to remove fungi and bacteria in
establishments producing antibiotics and other
drugs, and in operating rooms
(3) Cleaning of air in ventilation and air
conditioning systems
(4) Removal of oil mists in machine shops and acid
mists in chemical process plants
(5) Cleaning of blast furnace gases
(6) Recovery of valuable materials such as oxides of
copper, lead, and tin
15. Alternator
An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical
energy to alternating current electrical energy. Most alternators use a
rotating magnetic field. Different geometries - such as a linear alternator
for use with sterling engines - are also occasionally used. In principle, any
AC generator can be called an alternator, but usually the word refers to
small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal
combustion engines.
16. Transformers
It is a device that transfers electric energy from
one alternating-current circuit to one or more
other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or
reducing (stepping down) the voltage.
Uses for transformers include reducing the line
voltage to operate low-voltage devices (doorbells
or toy electric trains) and raising the voltage from
electric generators so that electric power can be
transmitted over long distances.
Transformers act through electromagnetic
induction; current in the primary coil induces
current in the secondary coil. The secondary
voltage is calculated by multiplying the primary
voltage by the ratio of the number of turns in the
secondary coil to that in the primary.
18. Stepwise Operation of Thermal Power Plant
1) First the pulverized coal is burnt into the furnace of boiler.
2) High pressure steam is produced in the boiler.
3) This steam is then passed through the super heater, where it further heated up.
4) This supper heated steam is then entered into a turbine at high speed.
5) In turbine this steam force rotates the turbine blades that means here in the
turbine the stored potential energy of the high pressured steam is converted into
mechanical energy.
6) After rotating the turbine blades, the steam has lost its high pressure, passes
out of turbine blades and enters into a condenser.
7) in the condenser the cold water is circulated with help of pump which
condenses the low pressure wet steam.
8) This condensed water is then further supplied to low pressure water heater
where the low pressure steam increases the temperature of this feed water; it is
then again heated in a high pressure heater where the high pressure of steam is
used for heating.
9) The turbine in thermal power station acts as a prime mover of the alternator.
19. Efficiency of Thermal Power Station or Plant
The overall efficiency of a thermal power station or plant varies from 20% to 26% and it depends upon plant
capacity.
20. Advantages of Thermal Power Plant
They can respond to rapidly changing loads without difficulty
A portion of the steam generated can be used as a process steam in different industries
Steam engines and turbines can work under 25 % of overload continuously
Fuel used is cheaper
Cheaper in production cost in comparison with that of diesel power stations
Disadvantages of Thermal Power Plant
Maintenance and operating costs are high
Long time required for erection and putting into action
A large quantity of water is required
Great difficulty experienced in coal handling
Presence of troubles due to smoke and heat in the plant
Unavailability of good quality coal
Maximum of heat energy lost
Problem of ash removing