Anita harlow’s taxonomy of the psychomotor domain
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Anita Harlow developed a taxonomy of the psychomotor domain that organizes physical skills from simple reflexes to complex coordinated movements, and identifies 6 levels - from reflex movements to non-discursive communication through gestures and expressions. The taxonomy also provides examples of objectives for each level, from basic reflexes to skilled dances, as well as keywords for classifying psychomotor objectives according to infinitives and direct objects.
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Anita harlow’s taxonomy of the psychomotor domain
- 1. ANITA HARLOW’S Taxonomy of the PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN
- 2. * ANITA HARLOW’S Taxonomy of the PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN It is organized according to the degree of coordination including involuntary responses as well as learned capabilities. Simple reflexes begin at the lowest level of the taxonomy, while complex neuromuscular coordinations make up the highest levels.
- 3. * Harlow’s taxonomy of objectives in the psychomotor domain
- 4. *HARLOW’S LIST OF MOVEMENTS IN THE PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Level Description Examples Reflex movements Learning in response to some stimuli. Flexion, extension, stretch, postural adjustment Basic Fundamental movements Inherit movement patterns which are formed by combining of reflex. Pushing, pulling, manipulating e.g. to run a 100-yard dash Perceptual Abilities Perceptual refers to interpretation of various stimuli that enable one to make adjustments to the environment. Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, or tactile discrimination. Suggest cognitive as well as psychomotor behavior. Coordinated movements such as jumping rope, punting or catching Physical Activities Require endurance, strength, vigor, and agility which produces a sound, efficiently functioning body. Examples are all activities which require: a) strenuous effort for long period of time; b) muscular exertion; c)a quick, wide range of motion at the hip joints; d) quick, precise movements Skilled Movements The result of the acquisition of a degree of efficiency when performing a complex task Skilled examples are: all skilled activities obvious in sports, recreation, and dance Non-discursive Communication Is communication through bodily movements ranging from posture to gestures, creative movements facial expressions, act a part in a play through sophisticated choreographics. Body postures, gestures, and facial expressions efficiently executed in skilled dance movement and choreographics.
- 5. *KEY WORDS FOR THE TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN Taxonomy Classification Examples of Infinitives Examples of Direct Objectives 1.0 Reflex Movements To flex, to stretch, to straighten, to extend, to inhibit, to lengthen, to shorten, to tense, to stiffen, to relax Reflexes 2.0 Fundamental Movements To crawl, to creep, to slide, to walk, to jump, to run, to grasp, to reach, to tighten, to support, to handle Changes location, moves in space while remaining in one place, moves extremities in coordinated fashion 3.0 Perceptual abilities To catch, to bounce, to eat, to write, to balance, to bend, to draw from memory, to distinguish by touching, to explore Discriminates visually, discriminates auditory, discriminates kinesthetically, discriminates, tactually, coordinates two or more perceptual abilities. 4.0 Physical Abilities To endure, to improve, to increase, to stop, to start, to move precisely, to touch, to bend Exerts tension, moves quickly, stops immediately, endures fatigue 5.0 Skilled To waltz, to type, to play the piano, to plane, to file, to skate, to juggle, to paint, to dive, to fence, to golf, to change Changes or modifies basic body movement patterns, uses a tool or implement in adaptive or skilled manner 6.0 Nondiscursive Communication To gesture, to stand, to sit, to express facially, to dance skillfully, to perform skillfully, to paint skillfully, to play skillfully Moves expressively, moves interpretatively, communicates emotions, communicates esthetically, expresses joy
- 6. Student can perform a skill accurately, efficiently, effortlessly and automatically *Moore (1998) Also gave three levels of learning in the psychomotor domain IMITATION MANIPULATION PRECISION Perform Skills Independently A student can carry out rudiments of skills with instructional support from the teacher
- 7. THANK YOU!
- 8. *ACTIVITY Example: The topic is about the Parts of a Microscope 1. To draw from memory the different parts of the microscope. 2. To distinguish the parts of the microscope by touching it. 3. To handle the parts of the microscope carefully.