Object-Relational Mapping and Dependency Injection
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Presentation for El Paso County IT on the concepts of Object-Relational Mapping and Dependency injection with a particular focus on the Microsoft Unity DI Container and the Microsoft Entity Framework. Delivered on October 2, 2012.
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Object-Relational Mapping and Dependency Injection
- 1. Object-Relational Mapping and Dependency Injection
- 3. What is ORM? • Object Relational Mapping is a technique for converting between incompatible type systems in Object Oriented (OO) programming. • Primary use is to map between business objects in the application layer and a relational database. • Also can be used to map from business object models to data transfer objects (DTO) or a view model.
- 4. ORM Advantages and Disadvantages • Compared to traditional techniques of exchange between an object-oriented language and a relational database, ORM often reduces the amount of code that needs to be written. • Compared to traditional techniques, ORM greatly improves the speed of application development. • ORM tools add complexity in areas where proprietary, or database-specific techniques have been highly optimized. • Most ORM tools do not perform well during bulk deletions of data or joins. • Stored procedures may have better performance, but are not portable. • Object-relational impedance mismatch can result if the business object model does not closely match the relational data structure.
- 5. .NET ORM Tools • Entity Framework: http://msdn.microsoft.com/data/ef • Telerik OpenAccess: http://www.telerik.com/products/orm.aspx • Castle Project: http://www.castleproject.org/ • AutoMapper: https://github.com/AutoMapper/AutoMapper
- 7. What is the Entity Framework (EF)? • EF is Microsoft’s recommended data access technology for new applications. • EF is an object-relational mapper that enables .NET developers to work with relational data using domain-specific objects. • Supported Databases • SQL Server • MySQL • Oracle • Sybase • Any other database that provides an ADO.NET data provider
- 8. EF Use Patterns • Database First • Model First • Code First • Code First Migrations
- 9. Inversion of Control and Dependency Injection
- 10. What is Inversion of Control (IoC)? • IoC is an object-oriented programming practice where the object coupling is bound at run time by an assembler object and is typically not known at compile time using static analysis. • Inversion of control as a design guideline serves the following purposes: • There is a decoupling of the execution of a certain task from implementation. • Every module can focus on what it is designed for. • Modules make no assumptions about what other systems do but rely on their contracts. • Replacing modules has no side effect on other modules.
- 11. What is Dependency Injection (DI)? • DI is a software design pattern that allows a choice of component to be made at run-time rather than compile time. • The binding of objects in the IoC pattern is accomplished through DI. • Dependency injection involves at least three elements: • A dependent consumer, • A declaration of a component's dependencies, defined as interface contracts, • An injector (usually referred to as a container) that creates instances of classes that implement a given dependency interface on request.
- 12. Why use IoC and DI? • Encourages Separation of Concerns • Facilitates unit testing by allowing mock object with known behaviors to be injected • Promotes loose coupling between application layers, allowing implementations to be changed as necessary (i.e. mocks to SQL Server to Oracle)
- 13. .NET Dependency Injection Frameworks • Unity DI Container: http://unity.codeplex.com/ • Ninject: http://www.ninject.org/ • StructureMap: http://docs.structuremap.net/ • Spring.NET: http://www.springframework.net/
- 14. Microsoft Unity DI Container Why Unity?
- 15. What is Unity and Why Use It? • The Unity Application Block (Unity) is a lightweight extensible dependency injection container • Unity is developed and maintained by the Microsoft Patterns and Practices team • Unity is fully configurable using standard .NET config file patterns or through code initialization
- 16. Recommended Tool Links • Entity Framework: http://msdn.microsoft.com/data/ef • Unity DI Container: http://unity.codeplex.com/
Editor's Notes
- .NET ORM tools for databases include EF, NHibernate, TelerikOpenAccess, Castle ActiveRecord.NET Object to Object Mappers include tools like AutoMapper
- .NET Implementations: Microsoft Unity, Castle Windsor, StructureMap, Ninject