This document provides a guide to developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses the importance of preparation and planning, including determining the aim and main points, and considering the audience. The document outlines the key elements of a successful presentation structure, including an introduction to get the audience's attention, greet them, and introduce oneself. The body of the presentation should cover the main points, and the conclusion should summarize the main ideas and call the audience to action. Visual aids, body language, voice, and pronunciation are also addressed. Thorough preparation is emphasized as essential for a polished presentation.
The document is an advertisement for the Voiceworx Basic Voice Acting and Dubbing Workshop run by Pocholo Gonzales. It provides an overview of the workshop, which aims to train aspiring voice artists for careers in radio, television and dubbing. The workshop teaches fundamental voice acting techniques through exercises and lessons led by experienced industry professionals. It has trained over 1,000 voice artists since inception, many of whom now work in the voice acting industry.
The document discusses presentation skills training. It explains that the goal of a presentation is to communicate information or ideas to a group to inform or persuade them. Effective presentations require proper structuring, overcoming nervousness, strong body language, effective visual aids, and knowing what not to do. Common causes of ineffective presentations include failing to motivate the audience, a confusing structure, including excessive details, and poorly designed slides. The document recommends planning, preparing, practicing, and then performing an effective presentation. It also outlines factors to consider for formal, informal, and very informal presentation styles.
The document discusses best practices for technical presentations. It emphasizes that oral communication skills are important for career success. It provides tips for overcoming speech anxiety, such as practicing presentations and controlling one's breathing. It also discusses effective opening and closing techniques, organization strategies, and the importance of visual aids to support the speaker, not replace them. The overall message is that technical presenters should focus on clear organization, enthusiasm, and simplifying concepts rather than overloading slides with details.
This document provides guidance on effective speech delivery. It discusses using voice, body language, and brain engagement strategically based on the objective of the speech. The goals are to inform, inspire, entertain or put the audience to sleep. Specific techniques are recommended for voice pitch, rate, strength, and pauses. Using the head, face, hands, and body can add emphasis and show structure or passage of time. Practicing in front of others and getting feedback helps improve delivery skills.
The document discusses assertiveness and persuasion, providing tips on how to be more assertive and persuasive without being aggressive, such as finding common ground with others, being honest about intentions, admitting what you don't know, and saving the most important point for last. It also discusses characteristics of assertive versus passive people and gives examples of assertiveness skills like confrontation, saying no, making requests, and expressing opinions.
Chronemics is the study of how humans communicate through their use of time. It recognizes that time can be viewed as a commodity that is saved, wasted, earned or spent. The non-verbal element of time use, or chronemics, is an important aspect of non-verbal communication.
This document provides guidance on developing effective presentation skills. It discusses key elements of presentations such as preparation, delivery, structure, and visual aids. Some best practices include practicing the presentation, keeping content concise and simple, maintaining good posture and eye contact, and engaging the audience. Nervousness during presentations is also addressed, with tips like mental visualization, relaxation techniques, and using nerves as positive energy. The document emphasizes the importance of preparation, customizing the presentation for the audience, and soliciting feedback to improve skills.
The document discusses presentation skills and tips for successful public speaking. It states that presentation is a means of communication adapted for different speaking situations. It also notes that public speaking is a set of skills that can be improved through practice and learning from each presentation. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of preparation, which includes focusing on the subject material, audience, and yourself as the presenter.
What are the Advantages of Learning a Foreign LanguageREVA University
Why Should You Learn a Foreign Language?
* To connect with new people
* To sharpen memory
* Advance your career
* Enhance communication skills
* Improve decision-making skills
* Boost creative skills
Barriers in communication can disrupt the clarity and effectiveness of messages. There are several types of barriers including semantic barriers due to misunderstood words or technical jargon, organizational barriers from issues like status relationships or complex structures, and psycho-social barriers from selective perception or inattention. Cultural barriers can also occur from differences in norms between cultures. Physical barriers relate to environmental issues or defects in the communication medium. Overcoming barriers requires senders to consider their audience and ensure clarity, while receivers need to actively listen and ask questions for clarification.
This document provides tips for effective public speaking. It emphasizes the importance of preparation, practice, and confidence. Some key points covered include:
- Proper preparation is key to preventing poor performance. Speakers should prepare their content and familiarize themselves with their audience.
- Build self-confidence through preparation, making eye contact, seeking speaking opportunities, and only accepting topics you're familiar with.
- Arrive early, greet people, relax before speaking, maintain a formal dress and modulated voice, and avoid nervous gestures like gripping the podium.
- Organize presentations with a logical progression, use visual aids to emphasize key points, and practice delivery with feedback. Maintain an audience-centered approach
The document provides strategies for giving an effective presentation, including having a clear purpose, organizing content effectively, managing time well, delivering to the presentation appropriately based on location and audience, and using impressive body language. Some key points are to inform, instruct, entertain, inspire, motivate, or persuade the audience; structure the presentation according to its purpose; and ensure the audience remains interested through engaging delivery and content.
This document outlines the key aspects of public speaking, including defining it, different types of speech delivery, developing confidence, and managing anxiety. It discusses the differences between public speaking and conversation, and types of speeches according to purpose and delivery method. Guidelines are provided for developing and outlining a speech, as well as dos and don'ts. The document concludes with an activity where students perform emotion skits to practice public speaking.
Speaking in Public, Definition of Public Speaking, The power of Public Speaking, Similarities and DIfferences between Public Speaking and Conversation, How to manage your nervousness.
The document discusses improving communication skills and provides tips for effective communication. It emphasizes that communication is a two-way process and listening is as important as speaking. It recommends practicing communication skills, such as asking open-ended questions, paraphrasing, and seeking to understand before responding. The document also provides guidance on public speaking, such as preparing well, using the AIDA model to structure presentations, and practicing delivery to overcome stage fright.
This document outlines the key elements to consider when preparing and delivering a presentation. It discusses preparing an outline, structure, and visual aids. The importance of practice and confidence is also covered. Key aspects to consider include the objective, audience, location, length, and structure of the presentation. Introductions, conclusions and reference materials are important elements. Overall, the document provides guidance on the various stages of developing and delivering an effective presentation.
This document provides guidance on developing strong presentation skills. It discusses structuring the main body of a presentation clearly with separate sections and logical transitions. Specific techniques are outlined to make presentations more powerful and dramatic, including repetition, rhetorical questions, and softening language. Useful expressions are examined, such as business terms, "road signs" to guide the audience, and verbs for addressing issues. The overall aim is to convey a message effectively and prove it through an interesting, well-structured presentation.
all information about PRESENTATION SKILLS what are the stapes we have to follow during the presentation and how to build confidence during the presentation, key points for communication
The document discusses communication skills and improving understanding between people. It outlines goals of communication such as informing, persuading, and building relationships. Barriers to communication include lack of interest, knowledge, jumping to conclusions, fear of offense, and discomfort sharing feelings. Ways to improve include encouraging feedback, listening, reducing misunderstandings, eye contact, active listening skills like concentrating, restating, summarizing, avoiding distractions, asking clarifying questions, being specific, focusing on behavior not people, timely feedback, sharing experiences, not overloading information, checking understanding, and balancing positive and negative feedback.
This document provides a four-step process for developing and delivering an effective oral presentation: choose a topic that persuades or requests action from the audience; create an outline with three subtopics each having two to three supporting points; prepare presentation slides selecting a theme and adding images and charts; and deliver the presentation by engaging the audience with a joke or fact, summarizing the purpose, and outlining the main sections. The overall goal is to make the materials interesting and informative and to present with confidence.
Basics for effective oral presentation - Summary - BBA/MBA Course
This document provide the main tips and tricks to deliver an effective business or academic presentation.
Full version is available for download on my LinkedIn profile as well.
www.slideshare.net/frgaucher/oral-presentation-skills-88247526
Dr Francois Gaucher,
Aperto Libro Academy
This document discusses strategies for effective oral presentations. It covers preparing an effective presentation by determining the purpose, analyzing the audience, and creating visual aids. It also discusses different ways of delivering an oral message, such as extemporaneous, reading, or memorization. Strategies are provided for effective oral delivery, including varying pitch, rate and volume. Strategies for effective non-verbal delivery include posture, movement, gestures and facial expressions. The document also distinguishes between informative and persuasive public speaking.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively structure and deliver an oral presentation. It discusses defining the topic and purpose, analyzing the audience, organizing the content into an introduction, main body, and conclusion, and using visual aids. The main body can be organized chronologically, categorically, through a cause-and-effect structure, or with a problem-solution framework. Introductions should capture attention and preview the content, while conclusions should summarize key points and end on a positive note.
This document provides tips for effectively preparing and delivering an oral presentation, including determining the purpose and audience, organizing the content, practicing with visual aids, and dressing and speaking appropriately. It suggests using visual aids to clarify rather than replace the presentation, keeping them simple and legible. The conclusion advises anticipating questions, listening carefully, repeating questions, keeping responses brief, and admitting what isn't known.
The document provides tips for effective oral presentation skills. It states that 55% of communication comes from body language. It emphasizes making eye contact with the audience, using facial expressions and gestures appropriately, standing with good posture, and moving the body purposefully to keep the audience engaged. The document cautions against excessive movements or nervous tics, and recommends occupying the hands if nervous. It also advises using PowerPoint effectively without over relying on slides. The overall message is to be natural, relaxed and make good use of body language and eye contact.
The document provides tips for improving oral presentation skills, including planning the presentation, preparing slides, practicing, and handling questions. Key recommendations are to minimize text on slides, use images and graphics, speak clearly and make eye contact with the audience, and be prepared to answer questions by anticipating likely queries and having additional slides ready. The overall message is that practice is essential to developing strong oral presentation abilities.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering effective oral presentations and telephone calls. It discusses identifying the purpose and organizing the introduction, body, and conclusion of a presentation. It also offers techniques for gaining audience attention, designing visual aids, overcoming stage fright, and making and receiving telephone calls professionally. The key aspects covered are identifying the purpose, organizing the main points, using visuals to enhance comprehension, practicing delivery, and planning introductions and conclusions.
The document provides tips for oral presentations. It discusses dos and don'ts such as using a scheme rather than a full text, avoiding staring at your own page, pointing to the screen while facing the audience and smiling, checking vocabulary and grammar, rehearsing and incorporating feedback, and watching timing. It also emphasizes the importance of working as a team.
This document provides tips for effective oral presentation skills. It outlines the importance of planning, preparation, and practice. For planning, presenters should understand their audience and objectives. Preparation involves outlining the presentation, creating slides with minimal text and clear graphics, and practicing delivery. Effective slides use large fonts, color, and simple figures. During the presentation, speakers should speak clearly, make eye contact, and answer questions by paraphrasing them. Practice is key to improving presentation skills.
My review for Oral Presentation Skills class.
(I know, that I should have chosen a shorter presentation, but if you only see the first half, you get a picture of the whole presentation.)
This document discusses developing oral communication and presentation skills. It emphasizes several key points: effective use of visual aids, maintaining eye contact, clarity of pronunciation and fluency, proper speech speed, and confidence. It also covers developing pronunciation skills like stress, intonation, rhythm. Tables provide information on vowel and consonant sounds in English, including examples of each sound in different contexts. Developing strong pronunciation is important for oral communication and public speaking.
This document provides information about news presentation on television. It begins by defining what news is - information about recent events reported by media outlets. It then discusses what constitutes news and provides examples. The document outlines the roles of a news presenter and newscaster in presenting news on television or radio. It provides details on the basics of television news presenting, including skills and terminology. The document concludes by profiling some renowned international and Bangladeshi news presenters.
This document provides guidance on delivering a persuasive oral presentation. It emphasizes the importance of engaging the audience from the beginning through the use of stories, jokes, questions or other attention-grabbing techniques. The tone should be carefully controlled and transition smoothly between emotional, moderate and rational. Effective delivery is also stressed, including memorizing content, maintaining eye contact and practicing in front of others. The overall message is that persuasive presentations require strong openings, consistent tones and polished delivery to influence the audience.
This document outlines the qualities and responsibilities of a radio jockey (RJ). An RJ hosts radio talk shows where they select music and topics of discussion, interacting with listeners by phone, online, or email. To be an effective RJ, one must have strong communication skills, cultural awareness of local events, knowledge of movies and music, and the ability to write scripts and adapt to changing situations. Additionally, RJs must be able to engage listeners through their voice modulation, original style, and ability to handle mistakes diplomatically. Formal training is not required but can help build confidence, though many successful RJs learned on the job through talent searches. Being an RJ provides opportunities for career growth through contracts, commercial work
The document lists various locations in Tamil Nadu, India and the sizes of spaces available for lease or purchase in those locations. Locations mentioned include Vellakoil, Anthioor, Dharapuram, Ooty, Pollachi Bazaar Road, Pollachi Bus Stand, Pollachi Palani Road, Udumalaipet, Erode Perundurai Road, Erode Kavundhampadi Towards Salem Road, Bhavani Near Bus Stand, Trichy Road Sulur, Mettupalayam Near GH, and Coonnor. Sizes provided are in the format of length x width in feet for each location.
PDHPE aims to develop students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to lead healthy, active, and fulfilling lives through developing motor skills, self-esteem, teamwork, and more. The teacher's philosophy is that PDHPE can inspire students to meet their potential by supporting their mental, physical, social, and spiritual growth. PDHPE education is essential as it helps develop well-adjusted students who contribute positively to their community.
Newsletter bilbao, your cruise port, october 2012Yordan Sedeno
The Celebrity Constellation made seven overnight calls in Bilbao on its "Wine Route". A new cruise terminal will be built by the Port Authority. Over 50 cruise ships called at the Port of Bilbao in 2012, attracted by Bilbao's infrastructure and the tourist attractions of the Basque Country. The Port Authority will invest 13.8 million euros to build a new cruise terminal with 355 meters of berthing space and an area of 27,400 square meters.
This document provides guidance on giving successful oral presentations. It discusses preparing and planning a presentation, including determining the aim and title, knowing the audience, and identifying main points. It also covers the structure of a presentation, which typically includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should get the audience's attention, greet them, introduce the presenter, and give the title/subject. The body provides details on the topic and the conclusion summarizes key points and calls the audience to action. Additional sections cover visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and voice/pronunciation.
This document provides guidance on developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses preparing and structuring a presentation in six main parts: preparation and planning, structure of the presentation, visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and use of voice. For the structure, it recommends an introduction to get the audience's attention and state the objectives, a body to present the main content through examples and sequencing, and a conclusion to summarize key points. Providing outlines, signposting progress, and allowing questions can help audiences follow the presentation effectively.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering successful oral presentations. It is divided into several sections that cover key aspects of preparing, structuring, and delivering presentations. The introduction discusses preparing by planning objectives, structure, and considering the audience. The body explains that presentations should have a clear three-part structure of introduction, main content, and conclusion. Guidance is given on signposting to guide the audience through the presentation.
This text, the result of years of experience and research, is intended to be an aid for
anyone wishing to speak in public to fellow students, colleagues or other interested groups.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering successful oral presentations. It is divided into several sections that cover key aspects of preparing, structuring, and delivering presentations. The introduction discusses preparing by planning objectives, structure, and considering the audience. The body explains that presentations should have a clear three-part structure of introduction, main content, and conclusion. Guidance is given on signposting to guide the audience through the presentation.
This document provides guidance on developing effective oral presentation skills. It discusses preparing and planning a presentation, including considering the audience and main points. It emphasizes the importance of structuring a presentation with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience's attention and introduce the presenter and topic. The body should cover the main points in a logical sequence. The conclusion should summarize key takeaways and call the audience to action. Additional tips address using visual aids, engaging the audience, body language, and vocal delivery. The overall aim is to equip readers with best practices for organizing and delivering presentations that inform and influence others.
This document provides guidance on preparing and structuring an effective oral presentation. It discusses the importance of preparation, including determining the objective, title, outline and equipment needs. It recommends dividing the presentation into three parts: introduction, body and conclusion.
The introduction should get the audience's attention, introduce the presenter and topic, and announce the objective and outline. The body should clearly develop the main points in a logical sequence, using examples and signposting to guide the audience. The conclusion should summarize the key points and take questions. Providing structure helps the audience follow and remember the presentation.
The document is a lab manual for an advanced English communication skills course at Megha Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women in Hyderabad, India from 2011-2012. The manual covers topics like functional English, vocabulary building, group discussions, interview skills, resume writing, reading comprehension, and technical report writing. It provides general tips for conversations, examples of conversation starters, and tips for starting and keeping conversations going. It also discusses the importance of body language in communication and some key parts of non-verbal communication like facial expressions and gestures.
English For Public Speaking/English For Specific PurposeElviyasa Siregar
The document provides information about developing effective public speaking skills. It discusses the importance of being able to communicate effectively in various settings like school, work and life. It then outlines learning outcomes for a public speaking course which include communicating clearly and adapting speeches for different audiences. The document also provides tips for effective public speaking including structuring points well, using good delivery, speaking at the right rate, maintaining eye contact and knowing your audience. It discusses different types of speeches like informative, persuasive and narrative and provides examples of each.
The document discusses tips for reducing anxiety when giving presentations. It emphasizes the importance of thorough preparation, including rehearsing your presentation, understanding your audience, and customizing your message. Proper preparation helps ensure you feel confident and your audience understands your key points. The document also provides advice on delivery techniques like maintaining eye contact, varying vocal tones, and avoiding distracting mannerisms.
The document discusses tips for preparing and delivering effective presentations to alleviate fears of public speaking. It emphasizes the importance of preparation, rehearsal, customizing the presentation based on the audience, and conveying confidence even if nervous. The key is to prepare the content, structure, delivery, and use of visual aids, know the audience, and practice to feel at ease when presenting.
The document discusses tips for reducing anxiety when giving presentations. It emphasizes the importance of thorough preparation, including rehearsing your presentation, understanding your audience, and customizing your message. Proper preparation helps ensure you perform well and avoid common fears like appearing unconfident or disorganized in front of others. The document also provides additional advice like maintaining eye contact with your audience, speaking animatedly, and avoiding distracting mannerisms.
A 4 module course for students of English or other. Full multi media links and resource community extras. Available here. http://eflclassroom.com/store/products/power-of-presentations/
This document provides guidance on developing and delivering an effective public speaking presentation. It discusses determining the reason for speaking and knowing the audience. It recommends organizing the presentation with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Specific organization structures are outlined. Visual aids, rehearsal, delivery approach, and keeping the audience engaged are also addressed. The overall message is that preparation, understanding the audience and context, and an organized structure are keys to successful public speaking.
When preparing a presentation, there are three important things to consider: the audience, the presentation plan, and delivery. The audience needs to be understood to effectively tailor the presentation. The presentation plan should include content, structure, and visual aids. The content and structure keep the audience engaged, while visual aids enhance understanding. Delivery is also essential, as how something is presented accounts for much of the message received. Body language, eye contact, and enthusiasm during delivery are important to connect with audiences.
This document discusses public speaking and the informative technique. It begins by defining public speaking and outlining its importance in business, education, and public life. It then discusses how anyone can become better at public speaking through practice, as it is a learnable skill. The document focuses on the informative technique, providing tips for crafting an informative speech such as establishing importance, analyzing the audience, using appropriate language, explaining relevance, expressing interest, being specific, and citing examples. The overall goal of informative speaking is to teach an audience through well-researched content presented in a clear, organized manner.
The document provides instructions for a public speaking assignment requiring students to watch 6 TED Talks, fill out worksheets, then create and present their own original 2-3 minute TED Talk. Students must select a topic they are passionate about, prepare an outline and visual aid, practice their presentation, have it peer evaluated twice, and then perform it for the class. The goal is for students to learn how to give a casual yet polished presentation on a meaningful subject, as the ancient Greeks did through oration.
This document provides guidance on preparing and delivering an effective presentation. It discusses structuring the presentation with an introduction, main body, and conclusion. The introduction should gain attention and interest. The main body should have a clear structure and use signposting. The conclusion should summarize key points and invite questions. Effective delivery techniques include practicing, using body language, warming up the voice, and controlling nerves. Visual aids like PowerPoint should complement but not replace the speaker.
Chapter12PresentationsGoals· Understand audience and forma.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter12
Presentations
Goals
· Understand audience and formality
· Plan for audience, topic, graphic aids, location, time, and stage fright
· Determine how to organize and compose presentations
· Prepare outline, notes, and appearance
· Rehearse for a presentation
· Present with confidence
· Organize a group presentation
Terms
· adrenaline, p. 287
· anecdote, p. 288
· auditory, p. 294
· direct approach, p. 287
· external audiences, p. 281
· feedback, p. 294
· formal presentations, p. 281
· indirect approach, p. 288
· informal presentations, p. 281
· internal audiences, p. 281
· rhetorical question, p. 288
WRITE TO LEARN
Recall speakers whose performances you have enjoyed. For instance, you may have had an instructor who held your attention from the moment you entered the classroom. Perhaps you appreciated a speaker at a club meeting or special event. What made these speakers effective communicators? List the qualities and actions that helped these speakers to be effective. For instance, consider these questions: What did the speaker do to get your attention at the beginning? What did the speaker provide as visual support so you could better understand the message?
Focus on Presentations
Read the sample presentation slide on the next page and answer these questions:
· Who is the intended audience?
· What does the title contribute to the slide?
· Why is the information in the notes not covered in the slide?
· Does the slide need animation? Why or why not?
What If?
· The writer had intended to deliver the presentation only online?
· Readers were unfamiliar with America’s economic situation?
· All audience members were experts in accounting?
Sample Presentation Graphics
From The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act: Saving and Creating Jobs and Reforming Education, United States. Dept. of Education. Web. 3 Apr. 2009.
[email protected]
Elizabeth K. Tripodi is an attorney in Washington, D.C. She represents primarily shareholders of publicly traded companies in lawsuits against the company when there has been fraud.
Courtesy of Elizabeth Tripodi
For Elizabeth, a successful presentation is multifaceted: “A good presentation immediately provides an overview of where the presentation is going. It involves some sort of visual aid as well so that a listener is engaged both aurally and visually. Finally, I think anecdotes always make a presentation more interesting.”
When preparing a presentation, Elizabeth meticulously researches and outlines her material. “Research is such a key element, especially when preparing for a hearing before a judge. You need to be prepared to address any and all of the judge’s concerns. After researching, I outline my presentation. Following an outline ensures that I’m clear, concise, and that my audience can follow my reasoning.”
“After outlining, it’s practice, practice, practice,” says Elizabeth. “I like to start rehearsing in a room by myself, getting comfortable with the material and my arguments. It also helps me ...
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
Satta Matka Dpboss Kalyan Matka Results Kalyan ChartMohit Tripathi
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Kalyan Matka Kalyan Result Satta Matka Result Satta Matka Kalyan Satta Matka Kalyan Open Today Satta Matka Kalyan
Kalyan today kalyan trick kalyan trick today kalyan chart kalyan today free game kalyan today fix jodi kalyan today matka kalyan today open Kalyan jodi kalyan jodi trick today kalyan jodi trick kalyan jodi ajj ka.
How to Add Colour Kanban Records in Odoo 17 NotebookCeline George
In Odoo 17, you can enhance the visual appearance of your Kanban view by adding color-coded records using the Notebook feature. This allows you to categorize and distinguish between different types of records based on specific criteria. By adding colors, you can quickly identify and prioritize tasks or items, improving organization and efficiency within your workflow.
AI Risk Management: ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, and ISO/IEC 23894PECB
As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, understanding the complexities and regulations regarding AI risk management is more crucial than ever.
Amongst others, the webinar covers:
• ISO/IEC 42001 standard, which provides guidelines for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving AI management systems within organizations
• insights into the European Union's landmark legislative proposal aimed at regulating AI
• framework and methodologies prescribed by ISO/IEC 23894 for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems
Presenters:
Miriama Podskubova - Attorney at Law
Miriama is a seasoned lawyer with over a decade of experience. She specializes in commercial law, focusing on transactions, venture capital investments, IT, digital law, and cybersecurity, areas she was drawn to through her legal practice. Alongside preparing contract and project documentation, she ensures the correct interpretation and application of European legal regulations in these fields. Beyond client projects, she frequently speaks at conferences on cybersecurity, online privacy protection, and the increasingly pertinent topic of AI regulation. As a registered advocate of Slovak bar, certified data privacy professional in the European Union (CIPP/e) and a member of the international association ELA, she helps both tech-focused startups and entrepreneurs, as well as international chains, to properly set up their business operations.
Callum Wright - Founder and Lead Consultant Founder and Lead Consultant
Callum Wright is a seasoned cybersecurity, privacy and AI governance expert. With over a decade of experience, he has dedicated his career to protecting digital assets, ensuring data privacy, and establishing ethical AI governance frameworks. His diverse background includes significant roles in security architecture, AI governance, risk consulting, and privacy management across various industries, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: June 26, 2024
Tags: ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 23894
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Split Shifts From Gantt View in the Odoo 17Celine George
Odoo allows users to split long shifts into multiple segments directly from the Gantt view.Each segment retains details of the original shift, such as employee assignment, start time, end time, and specific tasks or descriptions.
Slide Presentation from a Doctoral Virtual Open House presented on June 30, 2024 by staff and faculty of Capitol Technology University
Covers degrees offered, program details, tuition, financial aid and the application process.
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
2. Preface
This text, the result of years of experience and research, is intended to be an aid for
anyone wishing to speak in public to fellow students, colleagues or other interested groups.
This text provides the essential elements and some tips on preparing and organizing a
successful oral presentation in English or any other language. The same structure can also be
used to some extent in the context of a written text, i.e. dividing the text into three parts -
introduction, development and conclusion. Other useful elements for the written text include
expressions to indicate lists, narrative, links and examples. In return, we would ask you the reader
and practitioner to send any comments, corrections or questions to make about this document to
Carl.Storz@int-evry.fr.
This short paper is divided into several sections, each one being based on a particular point
which is important to think about in preparing for and giving an oral presentation. The first one
deals with preparation and planning, the most important stage. The second one deals with the
structure of the speech and necessary language. The third speaks about visuals and how to
make the best use of them. The fourth discusses how to create interest and establish and
maintain a relationship with the audience. The fifth deals with body language and finally, the sixth
contains a few comments on using the voice and correct pronunciation. Actual language used to
express the above is given in italics. Comments and questions you could ask yourself in
preparing each part are also included. At the end, you will find a bibliography of materials
available in the Resource Center of the Department of Languages and Humanities at the INT for
further work on oral presentations or listening practice.
It is also important to remember that there are perhaps several formulae for an oral
presentation, this being just one. 1 Are you explaining a procedure, trying to convince or
persuade, give information or outline possible courses of action? What you are trying to do in
your presentation should have a bearing on how you present. There are also cultural aspects to
take into consideration in that different communities will react differently to the same presentation:
English-speaking as against a French-speaking audience, a scientific forum, a literary group or an
assembly of business managers. Each one will expect and react in various ways according to the
linguistic, scientific, academic or business culture it is familiar with. Different people speak in
different ways in different languages and different conventions depending on to whom, where,
when and why they are speaking. All of these questions are, of course, vital to take into
consideration during the preparation.
Remember anyone can give a good presentation. Don’t worry if you are not naturally extrovert.
Preparation and practice can be the keys to success!
1 Most companies probably offer some kind of training in presenting. Some even have specific guidelines or style
sheet for slides. Also over time you will develop your own personal style.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 2
3. I. PREPARATION AND PLANNING
I.1 ESSENTIAL PREPARATION AND PLANNING
CHECKLIST
This is a checklist of the essential elements to
consider in preparing and planning an oral
presentation. Use it yourself by filling in the boxes on
the right under “My Ideas”.
QUESTIONS TO ASK EXAMPLES MY IDEAS
YOURSELF
1. What is the aim? ü to buy my product
ü to adopt my
recommendations
ü to join the club
ü to give me a job
2. What is my title? ü The new Mokia 2001
ü How to reduce production
costs
ü The INT Chess Club
3. Who am I speaking to? ü What are the benefits to
the audience of my
product/report/speech?
ü Are these people the
decision makers?
ü What do they know of the
subject?
ü How does this change my
approach?
ü What sort of questions will
they ask me? What are
the answers?
ü What aspects will they be
interested in?
4. What are the main points 1, 2, 3; first, second, third;
I want to make? point a, point b, point c
5. What do I want the We must invite them:
audience to do after listening ü to buy my product
to my presentation? ü to accept my findings
ü to join the club
ü to give me a job
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 3
4. I.2 Other questions concerning physical aspects.
Who is the audience?
How many people will there be in the audience?
Check beforehand, if you can, the place where you are going to make your
presentation.
Where will it take place?
How big is the room?
What equipment is there in the room? What equipment do I
need?
Does the equipment work?
Are you going to need a black or whiteboard?
Have you got chalk and / or a felt tip pen?
Do you need an overhead projector or a screen?
Are they in place? Is there a podium? Where are you going to
put your notes /papers /transparencies?
Do you need an adapter or extension lead?
Can the information be seen?
Can you present the information and not get in the way?
Do you need a pointer?
Will you need to dim the lights or draw the curtains?
Are you going to need handouts or any other documents? How many? Do they
present a good image of you and your company?
When?
What time of day is it? What day is it? Will the audience be more or less receptive
when listening?
How long?
In relation to what the audience knows or time constraints, what can I eliminate if
necessary?
Other
Am I dressed appropriately? Shoes polished? Are my hands and fingernails clean?
Experienced
Experienced presenters are able to improvise and adapt to changing circumstances
but you may have only one chance to present your information, so be prepared.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 4
5. II. STRUCTURE OF AN ORAL PRESENTATION
A good oral presentation is well structured; this makes it
easier for the listener to follow.
Basically there are three parts to a typical presentation: the
beginning, the middle and the end (or introduction, body and
conclusion). We are going to look at each part in turn and present
the language needed to express both the structure and the
content.
II.1 THE BEGINNING OR THE INTRODUCTION
The beginning of a presentation is the most important part. It is when you establish
a rapport with the audience and when you have its attention. More detailed
techniques can be found in part IV.
II.1.A Get the audience's attention and signal the beginning.
Right. Well. OK. Erm. Let's begin.
Good. Fine. Great. Can we start?
Shall we start? Let's get the ball rolling.
Let's get down to business.
In English-speaking countries it is not uncommon for the speaker to begin with a
joke, an anecdote, a statement made to surprise or provoke in order to gain the
audience's attention, to make people want to listen, to feel relaxed and even to
introduce the subject. This may or may not be appropriate in your country; you are
probably the best judge. Certainly humour is difficult to convey and would not be
appropriate in all contexts.
A good technique is to try to get your audience involved in your talk either by
asking direct or rhetorical questions. Ask for a show of hands for example, in response
to a question or, present information in such a way that the audience can identify with
it. You can give an anecdote, unusual or surprising facts, or an illustration from real
life could be employed here.
II.1.B Greet audience.
It is important to greet the audience by saying something like:
Hello ladies and gentlemen.
Good morning members of the jury.
Good afternoon esteemed guests
Good evening members of the board
Fellow colleagues Mr. Chairman/Chairwoman
Thank you for your kind introduction
II.1.C Introduce oneself, (name, position, and company)
Do this not only to give important information so people can identify you but also
to establish your authority on the subject and to allow the audience to see your point
of view on the subject (you are a student, researcher, responsible for, director of,
neophyte, layman). 2
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, let me introduce myself.
2 It is a good idea to put your name, company’s name, company logo, title and date of the presentation on all the
transparencies or handouts.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 5
6. Good morning everyone, I'd like to start by introducing myself.
My name is...
I am a student at the INT
I am a doctoral candidate,
I am X. Y. from 3 Com. I'm the manager of…
I am a researcher from … I've been working on the subject now for X years...
I've had wide experience in the field of ...
Good morning, my name is Lawrence Couderc. I am a student at the INT and I
would like to talk to you today about some of my findings in a study I did on…
Sometimes, especially when invited to speak, the host introduces the guest,
gives the same information as above and then gives the floor to
the guest speaker.
I am very pleased and proud to introduce …who is…. He/she is
known for…
Now I'll turn the floor over to today's speaker. (to take the floor,
to have the floor, to give the floor to someone.)
II.1.D Give title and introduce subject
What exactly are you going to speak about? Situate the subject in time and
place, in relation to the audience and/or its importance. Give a rough idea or a
working definition of the subject.
I plan to speak about...
Today I'm going to talk about...
The subject of my presentation is...
The theme of my talk is...
I've been asked to give you an overview of...
Cultural aspects may be important here; scientists want to demonstrate their
work and findings while managers and humanities people want to share ideas and
reflections with their audience. It may be the result of a desire to persuade and
convince. It may be comparison of two or more products, plans or proposals.
Why are you going to speak about it?
I have chosen to speak about this because...
I was asked to speak about X because...
Have you set any limits on the scope of your talk? What won't you speak about?
It may be very useful to eliminate certain areas before you start so as to avoid
confusion or deviation from your main task. It also protects you from criticism later
for not covering certain aspects or issues.
Have you estimated the time it will take? 3 It is useful to give the listeners some
idea of how long you will speak so as to maintain their attention better.
I will not speak about...
I have limited my speech to
My talk will last about 15 minutes
3 Concerning time, professional people are very often pressed for time. The average person’s attention span is also
very, very short. Conclusion: the shorter the better!
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 6
7. I will speak for 15 minutes.
You may want to give acknowledgements here too. If you have been sponsored,
supported or encouraged by a particular firm, organization, professor, etc. you may
want to recognise their contribution. Your research and paper may have been the
work of a collaborative effort and you should acknowledge this too giving the names
of all the participants.
At some point you should ask a question or somehow try to determine the
attitude and knowledge of the audience. How do they feel about the subject? You will
then have to modify the contents, as you never know exactly what to expect.
Have you ever heard of...?
You may already know…
I feel sure that some of you…
Every day you encounter...
To get the audience's attention and perhaps to find out where they are you could
introduce the subject by saying:
Have you ever heard of/seen X?
You've probably seen countless times...
You may have wondered...
II.1.E Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goals)
The main purpose of an informative speech is to have the
audience understand and remember a certain amount of
information. You should therefore have two purposes: a general
purpose and a specific one. The former is to inform: to give an
overview, to present, to summarize, to outline; to discuss the
current situation or to explain how to do something or how
something is done. The latter is what you want the audience to take
away with them after listening to you, what you want them to do, what
they should remember.
My purpose in doing this paper is to give you a solid background on the subject of
oral presentation skills so that in the future, at the INT or elsewhere, you can deliver
a successful speech in front of a group.
What I would like to do today is to explain
to illustrate...
to give you the essential background information on...
to outline...
to have a look at...
What I want my listeners to get out of my speech is...
If there is one thing I'd like to get across to you today it is that…
Once you have established your specific objectives you may go on to formulate
your content.4
II.1.F Announce your outline.
You want to keep the outline simple so 2 or 3 main points are usually enough.
Concerning grammar the headings of the outline should be of the same grammatical
form.
I have broken my speech down/up into X parts.
I have divided my presentation (up) into Y parts.
4Change the purpose of the speech (or the time, place and audience) to see how the outline changes.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 7
8. In the first part I give a few basic definitions.
In the next section I will explain
In part three, I am going to show...
In the last part I would like/want to give a practical example...5
II.1. G Questions and comments from the audience.
You should also let the audience know at some point in the introduction when
and whether they may ask questions.
I'd ask you to save your questions for the end.
There will be plenty of time at the end of my speech for a discussion.
You may interrupt me at any moment to ask questions or make comments.
Please stop me if you don't understand any thing I say but could you keep any
specific questions until after I've finished.
II.1.H Make a transition between the introduction and the body.
You should refer to your transparency or outline.
Now let us turn to point one.
Let us now move on to the second part, which is, as I said earlier….
If you are giving a technical presentation a glossary might be useful and avoid unecessary
interuptions. Always explain abbreviations and say acronyms giving their full name when
you first mention them and be especially careful with the pronunciation.
5 Notice the variety of ways of indicating parts (in the first part, section, part three, the last place) and variety of
grammar, i.e. verbal forms that follow.
One student actually began with definitions of key technical words that would come up in the speech. What do you
think of that idea?
Depending on the context or specific cultural environment you may or may not want to use a transparency. For
example, in a professional corporate context it may look a bit scholastic to project an outline. However, in giving a
paper, since the objective is didactic you could put it on a transparency and refer back to it from time to time.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 8
9. II.2 THE MIDDLE OR THE BODY
II.2.A Content.
What information should you give in your speech? All your information should
support your purpose. In most cases you will have to limit the content, as time is
usually precious!
II.2.B Quantity
How much information should you give? Enough to clearly develop your ideas.
Don’t forget to illustrate through examples.
II.2.C Sequencing your ideas.
Here are a few possibilities for organizing your ideas: logical; chronological
order; from general to specific; from known to unknown; from accepted to
controversial; cause/effect; problem/solution. Whatever sequencing you choose, the
headings should be all of the same grammatical form.
II.2.D Keeping the audience's attention
The beginning and the end or the first and last parts of a talk are what listeners
will remember best. Think of ways you can keep the audience's attention throughout
the rest of the speech. (See part IV.)
II.2. E Signposting or signaling where you are.
Just as when you are driving along a road that you don't
know very well, you depend on signs to guide you, you need to
guide the listener by using expressions to tell him/her where you
are going. That is to say, first announce what you are going to
say (give an example, reformulate etc.) and then say what you
want to say. This is very like verbal punctuation. Indicate when
you have finished one point and then go on to the next one. It is
redundant in text but very useful in oral presentations.
Experienced presenters will also clearly pause, change their stance and the pitch of
their voice as they move from one part of a presentation to another.
Listing information
Lists are often a necessary evil. Vary your language whenever possible and avoid
reading directly.
There are three things we have to consider: one, two, and three.
A, B, C.
Now let us look at the first aspect which is...
First of all,…
In the first place…6
Linking ideas, sections/making transitions
Indicate the end of one section and the beginning of the next.
That's all I would like to say about... (subject of part A) and now let us turn to ....
Now that we've seen... let us turn to…
6 Do not use, in a first time, at first, at last, firstable.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 9
10. Outlining options. If there are alternative ways of looking at a topic or proposal,
outline them to show you are familiar with the different ways of dealing with a
situation.
There seem to be two possible ways of dealing with this...
We've looked at this from the point of view of the manufacturer but what about if
we were to...
A number of options present themselves at this point....
If what you are dealing with demands a comparison of strengths and weaknesses
indicate clearly the different aspects and underline the points you feel are important
or secondary.
What exactly are the benefits?
On the plus side we can add...
This is not the only weakness of the plan...
We cannot ignore the problems that such an action would create...
We do not need to concern ourselves with…
Of lesser interest are…
To be clear and concrete. Use examples, rephrasing, summaries etc.:
To give an example: to underline...
Now let's take an example. What I tried to bring out...
An example of this can be found... What we need to focus on...
To illustrate this…
Let's see this through an example. To refer to what you have said
For example, previously:
For instance, As I have already said earlier...
e.g. As we saw in part one...
To rephrase: To repeat what I've said already…
Let me rephrase that, To refer to what you will say:
In other words We will see this a little
Another way of saying the same later on.
thing is This will be the subject of
That is to say part 3.
i.e. We will go into more
To summarize: detail on that later.
To summarize For now, suffice to say...
To sum up, To refer to what an
Let me summarize by saying expert says:
So that concludes my overview I quote the words of ...
In conclusion In the words of…
Briefly said According to...
In short, Here I'd like to quote…
What I've tried to show in this part... As Mr. X says in his book...
To recap what we've seen so far... There is a famous quotation that
To emphasize goes...
What is very significant is... To refer to common knowledge:
What is important to remember... As you all may well know...
I'd like to emphasize the fact that... It is generally accepted that...
I’d like to stress the importance of... As you are probably aware (of)...
to highlight...
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 10
11. II.3 THE END OR CONCLUSION
The end of a talk should never come as a surprise to an audience; it needs
special consideration.
II.3.A Content
The end or the conclusion of your talk should include four parts: a
brief reminder of what you tried to show in your speech and how you tried
to do so, a short conclusion, thanks to the audience for listening, and an
invitation to ask questions, make comments or open a discussion. 7
At the end you should briefly summarize your speech in a few lines to make
sure the audience has retained the main points. Alternatives are: to state the
point of the speech; give the essential message to retain; list the main points
and what you want the audience to remember; review informally or indirectly by
using a quote, a comparison or example.
Then you should give some kind of conclusion. That is to say you should
give a message that logically comes out of the ideas developed in your speech.
This could be a commentary, the lessons learned, some recommendations, or the
next steps. You could also make a call to action; the audience should have to do
something.
Thirdly, thank the audience for being there.
Finally, ask for questions and comments or invite a discussion. If you
choose the former, you put yourself in a superior position compared to the
audience and should be considered as an expert. You will need to be very
prepared intellectually and psychologically to transfer control to the audience and
be able to answer any questions. However, in the case of the latter, you put
yourself more or less on equal terms with the audience and do not have to be
the expert with all the answers! The audience may have some clear ideas or
some practical knowledge about the subject themselves!
Naturally you need to signpost the end of your talk. This may take the form of
a recapitulation of the main points.
I'd like to summarize/sum up
At this stage I would like to run through/over the main points...
So, as we have seen today....
As I have tried to explain this morning BT finds itself in....
Or there may be recommendations or proposals that you wish to make;
As a result we suggest that…
In the light of what we have seen today I suggest that...
My first proposal is...
Above all when you conclude do not do it abruptly or as if surprised to get to
the end of your talk.
In conclusion I would like to say that...
My final comments concern...
I would like to finish by reminding everyone that...
7 Do not introduce new information.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 11
12. You may at this point wish to distribute a vocabulary list or more detailed
information that you wish to make available.
I've prepared a slim folder of the proposals...
In the sheets that are now being distributed you will find a breakdown of
the...
And finally you may well have to deal with questions.
I'd be happy to answer any questions....
If there are any questions please feel free to ask.
Thank you very much for your attention and if there are any suggestions or
comments
8
II.3.B Dealing with difficult questions
1. Make sure you understand the question.
Ø Ask a question to see if you understand
Ø Repeat the question in your own words to check that you have
understood.
Ø if not, ask the questioner to repeat
2. In answering:
Ø delay the answer (ask for time and/or repeat the question)
Just a minute please. What is a...?
How can I put it?
I'm glad you asked that question.
That's a good question/point/remark.
Can I answer that question later?
Ø admit that you are not responsible.
I saw that in the work of…
Ø agree but give an alternative point of view
I agree with you but there is another way of looking at it.
II.4 SUMMARY OF PART II
To give a successful presentation and at the same time a good image of yourself
or your firm, careful preparation and organization are required. You need to take into
consideration who you are speaking to, when, where, and why, as all of these details
will have an impact on your structure and content. A well-structured speech with a
step-by-step approach is one that is easy to follow. Besides structure, it is also
necessary to be relatively repetitive. A good 'rule' is announce what you are going to
say, say it and finally, say what you've said.
Be careful with the figures. Pronunciation (proper names, cognates, numbers)
and presentation are important, practice beforehand! This is equally important for the
key words of your presentation. It is particularly annoying for the audience to hear the
same word mispronounced repeatedly.
In addition to careful preparation - good structure and vocabulary – and
organization, a message passes in other ways. According to experts 55% of the
message is non-verbal. Using images (visuals); body language and voice are extremely
important and will be examined in the following sections.
8 Palmer is very good on tactics to employ in dealing with difficult questions. (See bibliography)
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 12
14. Why use visuals?
Ø to focus the audience's attention
Ø to illustrate points easier to understand in visual form but difficult in a verbal form
(e.g. statistics)
Ø to reinforce ideas
Ø to change focus from aural/oral to visual
Ø to involve and motivate the audience
Ø to involve all the senses
Ø to serve as logical proof
Ø to save time and avoid putting information on a board
Ø to avoid turning your back to the audience when writing on a board
Ø to help the speaker
Text to put on a visual
Ø name, conference/company and company logo, date, title of presentation. Try to
do this consistantly but not to the detriment of a table or image.
Ø full sentences are not to be used, unless a quote is given, give round figures
Ø N.B. keep text to a minimum
Size, layout, font (typeface) and size, colors.
Ø Size - A4
Ø Layout should be pleasant and easy to read: horizontal/landscape layout is
preferable.
Ø Fonts: Ariel, Helvetica, Times New Roman, Futura, Optima, Verdana, New Century,
Schoolbook and Courier. Some companies impose a particular style.
Ø Font size - maybe 20 or more depending on the size of the room you will be
speaking in. A good idea is to use different sizes for different types of text: i.e. 20
for main headings, 16 for subheadings, 14 for other text.
Ø Use CAPITAL LETTERS, bold face, italics, underlining, reverse (white on black) or
shading to highlight.
Ø If possible, use color transparencies (unless you are just showing text).
How many?
One every two minutes is sufficient. To show too many slides is worse than none at
all.
General and miscellaneous tips.
Have the slides ready and in order.
Check to see if the OHP is plugged in, in working order and in focus.
Test the visual to see if people at the back of the room can see it.
Stand to the side of the screen and face the audience.
Mask to reveal only what you want the audience to see.
Use a pointer or a pen to draw attention to a specific point.
Visuals should be adjusted to the audience.
Visuals should supplement the spoken message.
Large enough for everyone to see. (Good idea to give out a paper copy, i.e. a handout,
not at the same time though, as the audience may not look at you)
Don't display too much information, too many colors or typefaces.
Does the layout work?
Are there any spelling mistakes or grammatical errors? Remember they are going to
be in plain view all the time of your visual.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 14
15. How should you present a visual in a presentation?
It is not sufficient just to put up a transparency on the screen and expect the
audience to turn its attention to it, to understand it and make the link with what you
are saying. (See Giving Presentations Unit. 4) We would suggest the following
strategy:
It is important to prepare your audience for what they are going to see. This keeps
the audience on their toes and gives you the opportunity to position your visual
correctly.
Let's look at the current distribution of the market, as you can see...
I'm going to show you now the most recent figures available...
My next slide concerns the method by which...
Remember to draw the attention of the audience to the points that you wish to
highlight but avoid redundancy by describing everything that is in the visual!
As you can see....
The first line of figures is the most revealing...
Notice/observe how the increase has had an effect on the...
What is important here is the way that...
You can also try to rephrase your point to give it emphasis, giving the audience
time to absorb the information.
In other words the number of employees has a direct effect on the...
Or to look at it in another way every time you...
That is to say no matter what technique is used, the results remain
IV. CREATING INTEREST AND ESTABLISHING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
AUDIENCE
Do not assume the audience will be interested in what you have to
say. Even if they are, minds wander and get distracted. From the very
beginning you need to create interest and continue doing so throughout
your speech. You need to put everything on your side to promote
knowledge acquisition. In informing an audience you have to adjust to
what people think, to constraints, maintain a dialogue (and not a
monologue) and use attractive supporting materials. How can you do this?
Ø Arouse listeners' interest from the beginning. In the introduction show how your
subject or what you are going to say affects or may affect their lives. In other
words, make it personal.
Ø Other techniques are:
• Give an unusual fact or statistic.
• Use words like you, we, us, our.
• Illustrate with a real life story or anecdote.
• Ask the audience to do something. "Raise your hands if you know."
• Ask the audience direct or rhetorical questions. (See below)
Ø Other tips:
• Be brief and clear in giving the subject and purpose.
• The speaker’s attitude is important - knowledge, personality, openness. Be
lively and enthusiastic.
• Use a variety of media sources.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 15
16. Rhetorical questions
What is a rhetorical question? A question that you ask without expecting it to be
answered. Why use such a question? In using such a question the speaker appears to
be having a dialogue with the listeners. It also should catch their attention.
Have you ever seen/heard/experienced...?
How can we explain this?
What does that mean?
What can be done about that?
What does this imply for you, as a consumer?
Emphasizing/highlighting
Ø Say something is important.
The important thing to remember is...
The essential element is...
Ø Stress verbs with your voice.
We experimented with the concept over a period of three years.
Ø Add auxiliary verbs for emphasis.
We did see a noticeable difference.
Ø Change the word order
What I'd like to show today is the difference between the two products.
Good it may be, easy it isn't.
Ø Repetition
As I've said before...
Let me repeat
Ø Tripling, chunking and other techniques of word play and emphasis should be used
11
as you become more fluent and confident.
This method is clearer, cheaper and more consistent.
Quality is not something that affects the bottom line, it is the bottom line.
11 For more of this see Mark Powell in bibliography.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 16
17. V. BODY LANGUAGE
The golden rule is "Be natural and relax!"
What is body language?
Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements,
gestures.
Why is it useful?
It is a natural part of communication:
Ø to clarify meaning; it is very visual
Ø to vent nervousness
Ø to maintain interest
Ø to emphasize and regulate
Below are just a few examples of both positive and negative body language:
Positive body language
Ø eye contact to keep audiences' attention (Asian audience might feel aggressed.)
Ø facial expressions should be natural and friendly. Don't forget to smile.
• raise eyebrows to show surprise
• open eyes wide
• squint your eyes
• knit your eyebrows to show consternation or puzzlement
Ø posture – stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean)
Ø movement - to indicate a change of focus, keep the audience's attention
• move forward to emphasize
• move to one side to indicate a transition
Ø gesture
• up and down head motion or other movements to indicate importance
• pen or pointer to indicate a part, a place (on a transparency).
• shrug of the shoulders to indicate "I don't know!"
• hands - back and forth = two possibilities, more or less
• arm - movement back, forth
Negative body language
Ø loss of eye contact: looking at notes, looking at screen, at the board, at the
floor
Ø don't stare, or look blankly into people's eyes
Ø swaying back and forth like a pendulum
Ø back turned to the audience
Ø nervous ticks
Ø hands in pockets
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 17
18. VI. VOICE AND PRONUNCIATION
Correct pronunciation is important if one is to be understood correctly. Incorrect
pronunciation is perhaps the first cause of communication breakdown. If the listener is
not accustomed to the speaker’s native language, he/she will not understand a
mispronounced word. Mispronunciation also tires the listener’s ear and he/she will
perhaps even stop trying to understand the speaker if it becomes too difficult.
VI.1 What is pronunciation?
There are two important aspects of pronunciation of
individual words, word stress and the individual sounds
themselves called "phonemes". 12 A suggestion: make sure
you know how to correctly pronounce at least the key
technical words or words that your repeat over and over
again in your speech.
Just as in the case of individual words in English a
particular syllable receives stress, so do particular words in
a sentence. Sentence stress concerns stressing particular words in a sentence usually
at regular intervals. 13 English speakers stress words that are important for meaning
such as: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, negatives, demonstratives and
interrogatives. Unstressed ones include articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, and
conjunctions.
Linking - (as in French) between a consonant and the following vowel and grouping
words into thought groups - needs to be practiced. 14
In the area of pronunciation, the basic problems of French speakers are:
1. Word and sentence stress - not all syllables in a word or in a sentence are stressed
equally.
2. In unstressed syllables the vowel often becomes shorter (schwa: e.g. man in
German).
3. Long English sounds are much longer than corresponding French sounds and the
short sounds of English are shorter than French short sounds.
4. The voice is used to indicate meaning, and intonation is higher or more glided in
English.
VI.2 Voice
The voice, or more precisely the qualities of the voice, should be used to its/their
fullest. 15 Qualities include loudness, speed (fast or slow), variety, pitch (high or low),
silent moments or pauses. The voice is important:
Ø to indicate importance, meaning
Ø to create atmosphere and to avoid sounding monotonous and putting the audience
to sleep!
12 See Carl Storz. English Pronunciation Notebook for Telecommunications Students. Evry: INT, 1993.
13 For excellent practice work in the context of everyday expressions, see Carolyn Graham.Small Talk Jazz Chants.
Oxford: OUP, 1986
14 See Judy B. Gilbert. Clear Speech. Cambridge: CUP, 1984.
15 See Tony Lynch. Study Listening. London: CUP, 1986.
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 18
19. VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
For extra practice in preparing for an oral presentation (or English in general) we
have used and would suggest the following titles, many of which are all available in
the Language Resource Center. (E103)
On oral presentation:
Course materials for learners of English:
Comfort, Jeremy and Derek Utley. (York Associates) Effective Presentations. Oxford:
OUP: 1996.
Ellis, Mark & Nina O' Driscoll. Giving Presentations. Harlow: Longman, 1992.
Howe, Brian. Visitron, the Language of Presentations. Harlow: Longman, 1985.
Lynch, Tony. Study Listening. London: CUP, 1986.
Powell, Mark. Presenting in English. Hove: LTP, 1996.
Sweeney, Simon. English for Business Communication. Cambridge: CUP, 1997.
Other books on oral presentation
Glickstein, Lee. Be Heard Now! New York: Broadway Books, 1998.
Hendricks, Dr. William et al. Secrets of Power Presentations. Franklin Lakes, N.J.:
Career Press, 1996.
Slutsky, Jeff and Aun, Michael. The Toastmasters International Guide to Successful
Speaking. Chicago: Dearborn Financial Publishing, 1997.
Wilder Claudyne and Jennifer Rotondo. Point, Click & Wow! A Quick Guide to Brilliant
Laptop Presentations. 2nd Edition. Hoboken, N.J.: Jossey-Bass, 2002.
On pronunciation and the voice:
Gilbert, Judy B. Clear Speech. 2nd Edition Cambridge: CUP, 1993.
Graham, Carolyn. Small Talk Jazz Chants. Oxford: OUP, 1986.
Powell, Mark. Presenting in English. Hove: LTP, 1996. See “Using Your Voice” (Section
3)
Rodenburg, Patsy. The Right to Speak: working with the voice. London: Methuen,
1992.
Storz, Carl. English Pronunciation Notebook for Telecommunications Students. Evry:
INT, 1993.
Many Web sites (mostly give more or less the same information) (checked 9/2002)
http://web.mit.edu/writing/Writing_Types/oral.html
http://fbox.vt.edu/eng/mech/writing:workbooks/visuals.html
(on visuals)
http://rpi.edu/dept/llc/writecenter/web/presentation.html
http://writing.colostate.edu/references/speaking.cfm
http://business.englishclub.com/presentations.htm
Famous speeches
- Speech Archives "Hear the Words that Changed the World" -. You can listen to
important speeches in (especially US) history.
Poster sessions (A poster is a particular type of presentation and not jsut a visual.)
http://writing.colostate.edu/references/speaking.cfm/posters/
http://www.gmu.edu/departments/writingcenter/ppt/index.htm
On body language
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 19
20. Baylon C. et X. Mignot. La communication. Paris: Fernand Nahan, 1994. Voir
spéciallement V. “Communication à courte et à longue portée”. (INT 9.492)
Bouvet, Danielle. La dimension corporelle de la parole. Paris: Peeters, 2001.
Bull, Peter. “What does gesture and to the spoken word? In Barlow, H. et al. Images
and Understanding. Cambridge: CUP, 1990. (INT 9.54)
Cabin, Philippe. La Communication. Etat des savoirs. Paris PUF, 1998. (INT 9.492
CAB).
Carl Storz et al. Oral Presentation Skills Août 2002 20