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Native Plants of Pakistan
- 1. Native Ornamental Flora of Pakistan Muhammad Behzad Rafiq 2009-ag-2684 Bot-715
- 2. Natives • Naturally occurring plants in a particular region. • Developed, naturalized or existed for many years in an area. • Part of natural landscape of that area due to: – Evolution – Seed dispersal by birds, animals, wind, or water. • Many native plants are very beautiful but underused in landscape or as cut flowers.
- 3. Potential of Pakistan Native Ornamental Species • Diversity of flora and climate of comparable size • 6000 native species of flowering plants reported in Flora of Pakistan found wildly in different phytogeographical regions • Acclimatized well in our regions • Easily grow with minimal care and less water, fertilizer and pesticide. • The only need is to collect and commercialize them. • Patent Rights and registration
- 4. Gwarikh (Wild Tulip) • B.N: Tulipa uniflora • Family: Liliaceae • Diagnostic features Herb annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, cup shape flower, 3 sepals, 5 petals, red and yellow of colors • Habitat Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep • Distribution Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, dry bulb powder
- 5. Jangli Piaz (football lily) • B.N: Allium capsicum • Family: Liliaceae • Diagnostic features Herbs annual, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape leaves, 12-20 inch plant, Umbel flower, like foot ball, purple in colour • Habitat Climate with long cool spring and dry summers, Dormancy period, 3-4ft deep • Distribution Salt range and Baluchistan (Quetta) • Importance Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine
- 6. Karoskai • B.N: Berberis baluchistanica • Family: Berberidaceae • Diagnostic features Perennial shrub, lobed leaves, cluster of flowers in yellow colour Habitat dry regions • Distribution Baluchistan, Punjab • Importance Ornamental plant, antibacterial, treatments of Escherichia coli, stimulate digestion, reduce gastrointestinal pains
- 7. Poppy (post) • B.N: Papaver dubium • Family: Papaveraceae • Diagnostic features Herbs annual, pinnately lobed leaves, solitary cup shape flower, red in colour • Habitat Subtropical, temperate well drained soil • Distribution Baluchistan, northern areas • Importance Landscape plant, tea, oil, extracted from the seeds, used by artists as a medium for colours, red dye, drugs, medicine
- 8. Somlatha • B.N: Ephedra distachya • Family: Ephedraceae • Diagnostic features Evergreen shrub growing to 1 m, Branchlets green, ascending, striate, smooth, flowers cluster obtuse Habitat Semi-desert and desert regions Distribution provincial flower of the Balochistan Importance ornamental, tea, treatment of asthma, hay fever, and the common cold, relieve acute muscular pains
- 9. Gul-e-Nargis (Wild Narcissus) • B.N: Narcissus poeticus • Family: Amaryllidaceae • Diagnostic features Herbs perennial, bulbiferous, Leaves basal, linear, 12-20 inch plant, hollow stem, actinomorphic solitary flower, white and yellow, • Habitat Temperate climate, Dormancy period, low marshes to rocky hillsides Distribution Northern areas, Murree, Islambad, Importance Cut flower, bedding plant, fragrant, salad, bulbs for cooking, medicine
- 10. (Wild Iris) • B.N: Iris hookeriana • Family: Iridaceae • Diagnostic features Herbs perennial, bulbiferous, 2-6 strap shape waxy leaves, 12-20 inch plant, blue and white solitary flowers • Habitat Temperate to subtropical, alpine measows • Distribution Murree, Islambad, Hazara, Chitral • Importance Cut flower, bedding plant, salad, bulbs for cooking, juice for cosmetics,
- 11. Monks hood • B.N: Aconitum chasmanthum • Family: Ranunculaceae • Diagnostic features Tall herb perennial, leaves 3-lobed with coarse sharp teeth, 2 to 4 petal blue flowers, 3-5 carples Habitat Temperate, moisture-retentive but well- draining soils • Distribution Kashmir, Kaghan, Chitral, Gilgit in august • Importance Landscape plant, roots provide poison, use for hunting, use in medicines
- 12. Delphinium • B.N: Delphinium roylei • Family: Ranunculaceae • Diagnostic features 4 m tall herb perennial, leaves deeply lobed , blue flowers, erect racemed inflorence, Habitat Temperate, well-draining soils • Distribution Sawat, Hazara, Kaghan, Chitral, Murree in august, plains of punjab in march • Importance Landscape plant, Cut flower, roots provide poison, treat intestinal worms, as a sedative to cause relaxation.
- 13. Granny's Bonnet • B.N: Aquilegia fragrans • Family: Ranunculaceae • Diagnostic features Herb perennial, leaves compound, solitary flowers, purple, white, blue nodding Habitat Temperate, meadows, wetlands • Distribution Sawat, Hazara,, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance Landscape plant, flowers are sweets use in salads, tea, treatment of affections of the nervous system
- 14. Butter cup • B.N: Ranunculus acris • Family: Ranunculaceae • Diagnostic features Annual herb, lobed leaves, solitary flowers, yellow, white, red etc, Habitat Temperate, high alpine environments • Distribution Sawat, Hazara, Chitral, Murree in august, Importance Landscape plant, cut flower, ongoing (chronic) skin problems, nerve pain and bronchitis.
- 15. Peony • B.N: Paeonia emodi • Family: Paeoniaceae • Diagnostic features 50 cm tall shrub, white and yellow flowers solitary, 10 petals, • Habitat Moist, shady slopes Distribution Chitral, Sawat, kaghan, Hazara, Kashmir Importance Ornamental plants, medicinal plant used in the treatment of hypertension, asthma, uterine diseases, used as an anticoagulant.
- 16. Sophora • B.N: Saphora mollis • Family: Fabaceae • Diagnostic features Small tree, yellow flowers in clusters, seeds pods are like legumes • Habitat Temperate, subtropical, shady areas • Distribution Salt range, Islambad, Murree, Naran, Kaghan, Chitral Importance ornamental plant, woody cut flower, hedge, screening, specimen plant
- 17. Blue Ppppy • B.N: Meconopsis aculeate • Family: Papaveraceae • Diagnostic features Prickly perennial herb, 40-60 cm tall, radical leaves, solitary cup shape flower, blue in colour • Habitat Temperate, shade, alpine rocks, steep places • Distribution Hazara, Gilgit, Chitral, Sawat Importance Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, anti-inflammatory
- 18. Musk Rose • B.N: Rosa brunonii • Family: Rosaceae • Diagnostic features Shrub with usually climbing stems up to 10 m long, narrowly ovate leaves, serrated margins, flowers in cluster, white, • Habitat Temperate, marshy araes • Distribution Murree, Northern areas of pakistan Importance ornamental plant, hips tea, oil,
- 19. Azalea • B.N: Rhododendron ponticum • Family: Ericaceae • Diagnostic features small tree growing to 5 m, leaves are evergreen, 6 to 18 cm long and 2 to 5 cm, violet- purple flower, with small greenish-yellow spots • Habitat Temperate, alpine Distribution provincial flower of the Azad jammu Kashmir, Murree, Kaghan Valley Importance ornamental tree, rootstock, toxic
- 20. Chir • B.N: Pinus roxburghaii • Family: Pinaceae • Diagnostic features 30–50 m long tree, bark is red-brown, scales, male and female cone • Habitat Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree Importance Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
- 21. Juniper • B.N: Juniperus excelsa • Family: Cupressaceae • Diagnostic features 6–20 metres tall tree, broadly conical to rounded or irregular crown, needle-like leaves, cones are berry-like Habitat Temperate, slopes mountains, • Distribution North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree Importance Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, seed and leave oil
- 22. Silver Fir • B.N: Abies pindrow • Family: Pinaceae • Diagnostic features 40–60 metres talltree, conical crown with level branches, greyish-pink needle leaves, cones • Habitat Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution North-West Frontier Province, Azad Kashmir, Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Murree Importance Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
- 23. Deodar • B.N: Cedrus deodara • Family: Pinaceae • Diagnostic features 40–50 metres tall tree, conical crown with level and drooping branches, bright green to glaucous blue-green needle leaves, cones • Habitat Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, Murree Importance Natural landscape plant, ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture
- 24. Chinar • B.N: Platanus orientalis • Family: Platanaceae • Diagnostic features 30 m tall tree, spreading crown. Maple like deeply lobed leaves, cones • Habitat Temperate, hills, slopes mountains, • Distribution North-West Frontier Province, Islamabad, Murree Importance ornamental plant, timber, fuel, furniture, construction, roofing
- 25. Whorl flower • B.N: Morina longifolia • Family: Morinaceae • Diagnostic features evergreen Perennial growing to 0.6 m, flowers are hermaphrodite, leaves have spines Habitat open slopes, sami shade Distribution provincial flower of the NWFP Importance ornamental, stem, leaves and flowers are used in the treatment of stomach disorders such as indigestion giving rise to vomiting and nausea.
- 26. Bhekkar • B.N: Justicia adhatoda • Family: Acanthaceae • Diagnostic features Shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15 cm, oppositely arranged, smooth-edged, and borne on short petioles, white flowers Habitat Subtropical, Dry plains • Distribution provincial flower of the Punjab Importance Ornamental, leaves contain alkaloids, bronchodilator, acting as a respiratory stimulant to help breathing issues.
- 27. Water crowfoots • B.N: Batrachium trichophyllum • Family: Ranunculaceae • Diagnostic features Aquatic , needle like leaves, white and yellow flower, 5 petals • Habitat wetlands, ponds • Distribution Northern Punjab, NWFP, northern Baluchistan Importance Part of natural landscape, water gardens
- 28. Water lily • B.N: Nymphaea mexicana • Family: Nymphaeaceae • Diagnostic features Aquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on water level, white yellow flowers, • Habitat fresh water • Distribution Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir • Importance Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, antiseptic, treatment of diarrhea, sedative effect on the nervous system
- 29. Kanwal (Lotus) • B.N: Nelumbo nucifera • Family: Nymphaeaceae • Diagnostic features Aquatic , orbicular leaves above the water level, white pink flowers, • Habitat wetlands, ponds • Distribution Punjab, Sindh • Importance Part of natural landscape, water gardens, edible, salads, fibers, symbol
- 30. Water hyacinth • B.N: Eichhornia crassipes • Family: Pontederiaceae • Diagnostic features Aquatic , sub orbicular leaves floating on water level, light purple solitary flowers, • Habitat Mashie areas, ponds • Distribution Punjab, provisional flower of Sindh, Kashmir • Importance Part of natural landscape, water gardens, symbol, poisonous, use in medicine
- 31. Lantana • B.N: Lantana camara • Family: Verbenaceae • Diagnostic features small perennial shrub which can grow to around 2m in height, small tubular shaped flowers 4 petals, make cluster, leaves are egg-shaped have hairs • Habitat subtropical, full sun Distribution Punjab, drought areas of Baluchistan Importance ornamental plant, leaves are boiled and applied for swellings and pain of the body. Bark is use as lotion for skin diseases
- 32. Jangli Khajoor • B.N: Phoenix sylvestris • Family: Arecaceae • Diagnostic features 4 to 15 m in heighted tree, leaves are 3 m long, gently recurved, inflorescence grows to 1m with white, unisexual flowers, fruit ripens to a purple-red colour • Habitat Subtropical, dry areas • Distribution Sindh, Punjab Importance ornamental plant, fruit, mates, bags
- 33. Kair • B.N: Capparis decidua • Family: Capparaceae • Diagnostic features small much branched tree or shrub, Leaves present on young twigs, orange to brick red colour flowers, spines • Habitat desert, dry conditions, • Distribution Thal deserts, Dry regions of Punjab Importance ornamental plant, fruit in pickles, as vegetable, folk medicine,