This document presents a proposed thesis that will assess the level of awareness and acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among female call center agents. The introduction provides background on HPV and the need to increase vaccination rates. The study will examine awareness levels of physiological and psychological symptoms of HPV. Survey data will be collected from call center agents and statistically analyzed to determine awareness levels. Based on the results, the researcher aims to formulate an instructional plan to increase awareness of HPV vaccination.
Community health nursing examination part i answer keyryanmejia
This document provides an answer key for a community health nursing examination covering topics like epidemiology, vital statistics, and health education. It contains multiple choice questions testing knowledge of these topics, including questions about epidemiological investigations, calculating health statistics like mortality rates, and functions related to reporting vital events. The key aims to evaluate understanding of epidemiological and statistical tools used in community health nursing.
Choose a consistent technique such as body systems, head-to-toe, or reporting by exception to organize patient information for nurse report. Be prepared to give report when the oncoming shift arrives by organizing your time. Review the patient's medical record and formal report sheet to include any missing details when giving nurse report, keeping the exchange of information brief and direct by focusing on variances, the patient's condition, and needed care.
This chapter discusses the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in a research paper. It explains that data should be presented in chronological order through statistical tables and graphs, textual presentation, and interpretation or inferences. The chapter focuses on guidelines for tabular presentation, including constructing tables with titles, numbers, headings, bodies, and notes. It also discusses graphical presentation of data through common graphs like bar graphs, line graphs, circle graphs, pictograms, and map graphs. The chapter notes that textual presentation involves using statements with numbers to describe data and supplement tables and graphs. It concludes that interpretation should follow each table and include conditions, possible causes, possible effects, and comparisons to previous studies.
This document outlines the process of conducting a family health assessment. It involves collecting data on the family's structure, socioeconomic status, health practices, home environment, and each member's health status. This data is then analyzed to determine any existing or potential health problems, including wellness conditions, health threats, deficits, or foreseeable crises. Problems are further analyzed to identify their nature and any barriers preventing the family from addressing the problems. This results in a prioritized list of the family's health issues to guide the provision of appropriate nursing care.
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
This document provides an overview of nursing codes of ethics, including their purpose and history. It discusses the International Council of Nurses, which was established in 1899 and has been a pioneer in developing nursing ethics codes. The first nursing ethics book was written in 1900. Nursing codes outline ethical standards and guidelines for nurses, inform the public of nursing standards, and provide direction for self-regulation. The document reviews the Code of Ethics for Filipino Nurses and the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics, noting updates made in 2001.
1) The document discusses the author's three rotational community duties as a nursing student in rural health units and municipalities in Baguio City and Benguet, Philippines.
2) During their community duties, the students conducted home visits, health teachings, and simple medical interventions. They provided care like blood pressure monitoring and gained experience applying their nursing knowledge.
3) The author learned valuable skills like managing their time efficiently, communicating with patients and staff, and computing important health metrics for pregnant women. They found the duties a crucial learning experience.
This document defines focus charting as a systematic approach to nursing documentation using key words to describe a patient's health status and care. It outlines the components of a focus note including data, action, and response. Data includes subjective and objective information about the focus or significant event. Action describes nursing interventions performed or planned. Response is the patient's response to care and progress toward outcomes. An example focus note addresses a patient's pain with medication and repositioning, noting the patient's improved rating of pain.
The document provides demographic and health statistics for the Philippines. It notes that while infectious diseases are declining, non-communicable diseases are rising. It also notes challenges in delivering healthcare to remote areas and shortages of medical professionals. Tables provide data on population, births, deaths, life expectancy, leading causes of mortality and more, broken down by age, sex and region to paint a statistical picture of health in the Philippines.
Focus charting describes documenting from the patient's perspective by focusing on their current status, progress towards goals, and response to interventions. It brings the focus back to the patient's concerns using a focus column that incorporates aspects of patient care instead of a problem list. The narrative portion of focus charting includes documenting Data, Action, and Response (DAR) to provide a holistic emphasis on the patient and their priorities.
This document contains sample focus charting from a nurse's notes. It includes 3 entries with the date, focus, and progress notes in the DAR (Data, Action, Response) format. The focuses included pain, hyperthermia, and fatigue. The summaries provided nursing assessments, interventions, and the patient's response for each focus area in 3 sentences or less.
This document provides an overview of the nursing research process. It discusses identifying a research problem, developing research problems, taking notes, citing sources, and the basic components of a research report. The key steps in the research process include identifying a problem, reviewing related literature, developing a theoretical framework, formulating research questions and hypotheses, determining methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting conclusions. Selecting a research problem is important, and it should be feasible, important, measurable, and able to generate findings that can be generalized.
This document summarizes research on learning from television. It begins by noting that review articles are helpful for synthesizing findings from individual studies. It then discusses several influential reviews from the 1960s-1980s that examined learning outcomes related to television viewing. More recent reviews have focused on specific topics like reading skills, cognitive development, and violence. The document also notes that more research is needed connecting variables studied by psychologists to those studied by educators to identify effective interventions. It concludes by stating that contemporary research on cognitive effects of television has continued previous lines of inquiry while exploring the interactive nature of audio and visual processing during viewing.
The document defines and discusses conceptual frameworks. It notes that a conceptual framework 1) explains graphically or in narrative form the key factors, concepts or variables in what is being studied and the relationships between them, 2) represents a way of thinking about a problem or study, and 3) sets the stage for presenting a research question based on a problem statement. A conceptual framework identifies relevant variables, defines them, and shows tentative relationships between dependent and independent variables. It can take the form of equations, diagrams, or descriptions. The development of a conceptual framework is an iterative process that is revisited and revised throughout a research study.
The document provides background information on factors that affect students' mathematics performance. It discusses how positive attitudes and understanding the real-world applications of math can improve performance. The conceptual framework outlines how student-related factors like interest and study habits, and teacher-related factors like personality, teaching skills, and instructional materials influence mathematics performance. The study aims to determine the extent of these factors and their relationship to performance among high school students.
The document discusses several key concepts in healthcare ethics including principles of ethical decision making (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, etc.), approaches to ethical problem solving, and forces ensuring ethics will be important in management decision making. It provides definitions and discussions of concepts like paternalism, justice, veracity and models for ethical decision making. Professionalism in healthcare is said to require striving for excellence in altruism, accountability, excellence, duty, honor and integrity, and respect for others.
This chapter outlines the methodology used in the study. It describes the research design as descriptive, the sample as senior high school students selected through random sampling, and the main instrument as a researcher-made questionnaire. It also discusses the data gathering procedure, which involved administering the questionnaire to students, and the statistical treatment used to analyze the collected data.
The document outlines the Code of Ethics for Filipino Nurses as established by the Professional Regulation Commission and Board of Nursing. It discusses the importance of codes of ethics for professionals and establishes ethical principles for nurses in their practice, with patients and people, with co-workers, and in their responsibilities to society and the nursing profession. The code provides guidelines for nurses to maintain high ethical standards and prioritize patient care, rights, and welfare. It also describes the process for revising the code of ethics and penalties for violations.
This document is an approval sheet for a thesis titled "Factors Affecting Career Preferences Among Senior Students of San Pablo City National High School A.Y. 2010-2011" submitted by Bonie Pauline T. Eballa to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Secondary Education degree majoring in Mathematics from Laguna State Polytechnic University, San Pablo City Campus, College of Teacher Education. The thesis has been examined by the research adviser Eden C. Callo and is recommended for approval and acceptance by the Dean of the College of Teacher Education and the Director for Research and Development.
The document provides an introduction to a study that aims to determine the factors affecting career preferences among senior high school students. It discusses the background and context of the problem, which includes various socioeconomic, political, and financial crises faced by the country. It then presents the statement of the problem, objectives, hypotheses, theoretical framework based on Super's vocational development theory and Tiedeman's self-development approach to career, conceptual framework, scope and limitations of the study, significance of the study, and definition of key terms. The theoretical framework focuses on how vocational self-concept and ego involvement influence career preferences as external factors and internal drives can alter career patterns over time through a process of exploration, crystallization, choice
Alist of Research Papers on Nursing. You can find useful after reading the following article as well https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/research-paper-topics-on-nursing
The document discusses the effects of bullying. It defines bullying and describes the different types, including emotional, verbal, and physical abuse. It also outlines some of the negative consequences of bullying for both the bully and the victim. Bullies are more likely to engage in criminal behavior later in life, while victims may experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem that impacts their school performance. The causes of bullying behavior are complex, but some characteristics of children who bully include a lack of empathy, pushing limits, and an ability to justify their actions.
This document discusses the importance of music education in schools and communities. It outlines some of the challenges facing music education, such as budget cuts reducing music programs and inconsistent requirements across grade levels. The document advocates for strengthening music education by providing daily lessons, consistent programs in middle school, and more support for high school programs. It provides examples of communities taking initiatives to support music education through programs that provide instruments and encourage community music-making. The document argues that music education improves academic and life skills while fostering creativity, and that stronger support is needed to allow music programs to thrive.
Chapter 2-Realated literature and StudiesMercy Daracan
This chapter reviews related literature and studies relevant to the present study. It discusses ideas from local and foreign sources on the importance of computer information technology and information systems. It also examines related theories like the iterative implementation approach and discusses how technologies like WAMP5, Windows 7, and web-based systems have influenced various fields and processes like enrollment. Finally, it summarizes some related local studies that have developed web-based enrollment systems to make the enrollment process more efficient.
This document summarizes the key points of a study about parents' reactions to the implementation of the K-12 education program in the Philippines. The study aims to understand parents' sources of information about K-12, their positive and negative perceptions of the program's rationale and impact on students' welfare, and any problems they foresee. The study is focused on parents of 7th grade students at Sta. Maria High School in Iriga City and will provide insights for students, teachers, administrators and policymakers.
This is an abstract of my thesis entitled "Critical Analysis of Student Nursing Care Plans in the Different Nursing Schools in Dagupan City". This study was created because my eager curiosity on how do our nurse educators evaluate the nursing care plans of the students,
Harvard style research paper nursing evidenced based practiceCustomEssayOrder
This document discusses evidence-based practice in health and social care. It defines evidence-based practice as using the best available research evidence to guide decisions about patient care and service delivery. The document outlines how evidence-based practice helps improve patient outcomes and keep practices current. It also examines how social care providers are expected to demonstrate the effectiveness and accountability of their services.
This document summarizes a research study on factors affecting mathematics performance of high school students at Laguna State Polytechnic University in the 2009-2010 academic year. The study examines student-related factors like interest in mathematics, study habits, and teacher-related factors such as personality traits, teaching skills, and instructional materials. It provides background information on the importance of mathematics and reviews previous related studies. The research methodology, data collection instruments, and statistical analysis plan are also outlined.
Thesis in IT Online Grade Encoding and Inquiry System via SMS TechnologyBelLa Bhe
This document provides background information on an online grade encoding and inquiry system via SMS technology for the San Mateo Municipal College. It discusses the college's current manual grading system and the problems with it, such as the long process for students to inquire about their grades. The objectives of developing a new online system are outlined, including allowing instructors to encode grades online and students to inquire about grades via SMS. The scope and limitations of the new system are also defined. Finally, the significance of the study in benefiting instructors, students, administrators, and future researchers is described.
This document defines and provides formulas for several statistical analysis methods: frequency and percentage distribution to calculate percentages for data profiles; mean to calculate the average value; t-test to determine if there are significant differences between the means of two variables; analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if frequencies differ significantly among multiple groups; Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to measure the association between two variables; multiple correlation to test the relationship between independent and dependent variables; and multiple regression to predict dependent variables from independent variables.
Final thesis presented december 2009 march 2010Lumbad 1989
This document is a thesis presented by Joanna April De Leon Lumbad to the faculty of St. Scholastica's College in Manila for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Interior Design. The thesis explores defining the Filipino cultural identity through Filipino avant-garde in performing arts theaters. It discusses the history of performing arts theaters and Philippine theater. Through interviews with theater experts and observations of existing theaters, the thesis examines how theater design has adapted over time to different influences and seeks to determine if an avant-garde concept can help establish a uniquely Filipino style.
This study used a descriptive correlational survey method to examine the impact of social networking sites as information dissemination tools of government agencies as perceived by second year Foreign Service students at Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite Campus. Questionnaires were administered to 82 second year Foreign Service students to collect data on the role and impact of social networking sites, and their potential benefits as public information tools. A Likert scale was used to analyze the data and determine student perceptions.
This document provides an introduction to a study on success indicators among catering services in Cabanatuan City. It discusses that catering is a lucrative business but also demanding, requiring stamina and excellent interpersonal skills. The study aims to describe owners' profiles and success indicators in terms of market research, menu composition, and layout/design. It also seeks to identify outcomes related to income generation and competition. The methodology will involve surveying 10 local catering businesses using questionnaires. The results could help future entrepreneurs and hospitality students understand best practices for operating a successful catering service.
Digital cameras have revolutionized photography by making it widely accessible and easy for amateurs. While this has increased sharing of photos, it has also introduced privacy issues as photos can now be taken and shared without consent. Parents must educate children about the dangers of inappropriate photo sharing like sexting. Overall, digital photography is a positive development if people use cameras responsibly and avoid misuse that could compromise privacy or safety.
Photography has evolved significantly since its origins in the early 19th century. Joseph Niépce produced the first photograph in 1822 using a glass plate and a light-sensitive solution. In the 1830s, Louis Daguerre improved upon this process, creating clearer images using silver-coated copper plates known as daguerreotypes. Around the same time, William Henry Fox Talbot invented the negative-positive paper process called a calotype. Throughout the 1800s, processes like the wet collodion and gelatin dry plates made photography more accessible, leading to innovations like the Kodak camera in 1888. These developments marked photography's transition to a popular artistic medium and hobby.
This document provides guidance on writing an effective problem statement for a research proposal. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. An effective problem statement clearly describes the issue to be addressed in one sentence, with additional paragraphs elaborating on the problem's importance and context. It should identify the variables of interest and relationship between variables to be studied. The problem statement establishes the foundation for the rest of the proposal by framing the scope and focus of the research. It is important to demonstrate that the problem is worth studying by considering factors like its current relevance, future implications, practical applications, and theoretical significance. The problem statement helps motivate the need for the study and generates the research questions to be answered.
This document provides an overview of nursing research. It defines nursing research as the systematic study of nursing problems and phenomena to improve patient care and nursing practice. The goals of nursing research are to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing care, demonstrate the value of nursing, and identify ways to provide quality patient care. Nursing research uses scientific methods like other research, including the collection and analysis of data to illuminate new facts or relationships. There are different types of nursing research, including basic research conducted to discover new knowledge and applied research aimed at finding practical solutions to problems in healthcare.
The document discusses the background and objectives of using video surveillance systems in schools. It provides context on the history and development of surveillance cameras. Specifically, it outlines safety concerns in schools that surveillance could address, like the example of a shooting at a Philippine university. The conceptual framework shows installing surveillance equipment as an input, monitoring and analyzing footage as the process, and creating a safer learning environment as the output. Overall the document introduces the topic of incorporating surveillance technologies into school security systems.
This document reviews literature on caregiver burden for those caring for loved ones with autism, mental illness, or degenerative neurological disorders. It finds that families face many emotional, personal, social, and financial hardships as caregivers. Research on caregiver burden is limited and more study is needed, as well as support for informal caregivers. The document examines caregiver burden through the lens of family systems theory, looking at how diagnoses impact family dynamics. It hypothesizes that devastating diagnoses contribute significantly to negative changes across important life domains and caregiver burden.
This document provides an overview of a research proposal on implementing visuals to communicate healthcare information. The study aims to: 1) identify why people have trouble understanding healthcare information, 2) determine how to design effective visuals, and 3) produce visual literacy tools to help interpret healthcare information. The literature review discusses visual literacy and its importance. It also examines challenges in understanding healthcare information due to factors like literacy, age, disability, language, culture and emotions. The study argues that visuals can help communicate healthcare information by complementing verbal explanations. The research methodology will involve questionnaires, interviews and document analysis to collect and analyze data on this topic.
The document discusses the nursing process and its introduction, definition, steps, and importance. It provides a brief history of the development of the nursing process from the 1950s to the present. The key steps discussed in detail include assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing process is presented as a systematic, problem-solving approach that directs nursing activities and provides quality nursing care.
This document provides an overview of the course NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology. The first week focuses on cellular processes and the genetic environment. Students will evaluate cellular processes, alterations within cellular processes, and the impact of the genetic environment on disease. A discussion examines a case study to identify potential diseases based on presented symptoms and the cells and processes involved. The document outlines learning objectives and resources for the course.
Bertha/Bernard Sampson: Clinical Reasoning Pre-Work
Definition & Pathophysiology of the following Disease Processes/Comorbidities (in your own words):
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
RA is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder that affects many joints including those in the hand and feet and with an unknown cause.
In RA, the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses all the joint parts. This lining (synovial membrane) becomes inflamed and swollen. The disease process can eventually destroy cartilage and bone within the joint
Osteoarthritis (OA)
It is a degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” and most common form of arthritis that affects joints in hands, knees, hips, and spine. There is no cure, but the symptoms can be changed.
Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the end of bones in the joints gradually deteriorates. The cartilage is a firm slippery tissue that enables nearly frictionless joint motion. If the cartilage wears down completely, the bone will rub on bone
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in the legs or arm and causes pain.
The thrombus in the vein causes pain and irritation and may block flow in the veins
Assessment: (what assessment findings would you anticipate seeing with the above listed comorbidities:
NEURO
RESP
CARDIAC
GI/GU
ENDOCRINE
ID
(Infectious Disease)
Integumentary
(Skin/Drains)
MOBILITY
I/O & IV
PSYCH/SOCIAL
***For a “Focused Assessment” highlight which three systems would be your priority?***
Based on your patient’s multiple disease processes (comorbidities), integrate all possible findings into the following, provide your rationale for each answer.
Priority Assessment:
1.
2.
3.
Priority Intervention:
1.
2.
3.
Priority Labs and Diagnostics:
1.
2.
3.
Anticipated Priority Orders:
1.
2.
3
Priority Medications:
1.
2.
3.
Priority Education:
1.
2.
3.
Healthy People 2030 is a national initiative to recognize health disparities of the American population and identify objectives to improve individuals’ overall health and well-being. Some of the goals of Healthy People 2030 include realizing health equity, encouraging healthy behaviors, and preventing disability and death.
Based on your patient’s comorbidities, access Healthy People 2030 at https://health.gov/healthypeople and explore the relevant objectives. Which objective would you choose and how would you implement that objective in the care and health promotion of your patient?
1
ppt/presentation.xml
ppt/slideMasters/slideMaster1.xml
Click to edit Master title style Edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Add a footer 3/21/2022 ‹#› ...
This study examines the relationship between stress levels, eating habits, sleeping habits, and self-esteem among clinical division medical technology students. The researcher aims to determine if higher stress is associated with unhealthy eating and sleeping patterns and lower self-esteem. A survey will be administered to 100 third-year medical technology students to collect data on their stress levels, diets, sleep, and self-perceptions. Correlational analyses will then evaluate the relationships between stress and these other factors. The findings could help students better manage stress and maintain well-being.
This document summarizes a course module on microeconomics applications. It outlines four assignments for students to complete on the topics of scarcity/incentives, opportunity costs, supply and demand, and market equilibrium. For each assignment, students must select an option from the textbook and submit a draft essay. Drafts will be graded and used to improve final essays due in a later week. The document provides grading criteria and recommends students review relevant textbook chapters to prepare. It also lists the specific application options provided in the textbook for each economic concept.
This document is a research proposal submitted by Nor Syamimi Binti Samsudin to the MARA University of Technology. The proposal examines how visuals can help interpret healthcare stories for patients. It discusses how patients often struggle to understand complex medical information. The research aims to identify why people have trouble understanding healthcare, how visuals can help interpret medical stories, and how to produce visual materials to help patients. It defines key terms and outlines limitations of integrating medical science and visual art. The proposal significance is in promoting how visuals can help deliver healthcare information in a simple way to benefit others.
Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology 4th Ed 2015.pdfRocoHuamn2
Robbins, libro completo donde contiene imágenes histológicas de problemas patológicas, también contiene lo normal y lo patológico, todo esto a color y algunas imágenes señaladas y con explicación a lado de las imágenes.
Running head DOWN’S SYNDROME-REVISION OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1.docxsusanschei
Running head: DOWN’S SYNDROME-REVISION OF LITERATURE REVIEW 1
DOWN’S SYNDROME-REVISION OF LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Down’s Syndrome-Revision of Literature Review
Mary Katz
Columbia Southern University
Down’s Syndrome-Revision of Literature Review
Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder in human beings characterized by a diminished mental ability, distinctive features on the face, and muscle weakness. Such patients have a lot of difficulties in coping up with the world and the society in it. They put their family members in a fixed predicament. Some patients are therefore taken to health institutions which are supposed to make them “better.” However, according to a variety of literature, the mental facilitates have both their advantages and disadvantages. This has led to a debate about whether the institutions are the perfect environment for “curing” patients with the Down’s syndrome. The pro side is that the mental facilities have trained professionals that offer ideal treatment and rehabilitation services to the patients. The treatment sometimes guarantees the physical well-being of the patients. The recovered patients have been known to take part in many social activities like sports and also art. They have been known to come up with unique artistic works. This is because the rehabilitation centers let them focus on their passions. However, on the con side, the institutions are meant to separate the patients from the rest of the society, including their immediate family members. Segregating patients with the Downs’ syndrome may lead to the development of antisocial behavior. For example, patients may tend to seclude themselves and fear to talk to other people despite being physically treated of the condition. The antisocial behavior makes them be termed as “weirdos” in the society. They are thus avoided and neglected by the other members due to their strange behaviors. The con side appeals to the humane behavior of people associating with patients of the Down’s syndrome. The literature review provides adequate knowledge on the subject; it emphasizes on developing empathy for the patients rather than sympathizing with them. This essay is a revision of the literature review of this study; it discusses the terminology, history and the two sides of the controversy (cons and pros).
The primary objective of the literature review provided in this study is to find out the pros and cons associated with treating people with the Down’s syndrome. The research can, therefore, be used as a platform to recommend the appropriate treatment procedures to be used by people associated with patients with this disorder. The research made was adequate to support the conclusion that the current institutions need modification to ensure that children coming out of the facilities are all rounded. Learning from Graaf (2002), it is clear that integrating both types of children (those with the condition and those without) is a terrible idea. This is because the ...
EMPIRICAL STUDYThe meaning of learning to live with medica.docxSALU18
EMPIRICAL STUDY
The meaning of learning to live with medically
unexplained symptoms as narrated by patients in primary
care: A phenomenological�hermeneutic study
EVA LIDÉN, PhD1, ELISABETH BJÖRK-BRÄMBERG, PhD2 &
STAFFAN SVENSSON, MD3
1Institute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden, and 3Angered Family Medicine Unit, Angered, Sweden
Abstract
Background: Although research about medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is extensive, problems still affect a
large group of primary care patients. Most research seems to address the topic from a problem-oriented, medical
perspective, and there is a lack of research addressing the topic from a perspective viewing the patient as a capable person
with potential and resources to manage daily life. The aim of the present study is to describe and interpret the experiences of
learning to live with MUS as narrated by patients in primary health-care settings.
Methods: A phenomenological�hermeneutic method was used. Narrative interviews were performed with ten patients
suffering from MUS aged 24�61 years. Data were analysed in three steps: naive reading, structural analysis, and
comprehensive understanding.
Findings: The findings revealed a learning process that is presented in two themes. The first, feeling that the symptoms
overwhelm life, involved becoming restricted and dependent in daily life and losing the sense of self. The second, gaining
insights and moving on, was based on subthemes describing the patients’ search for explanations, learning to take care of
oneself, as well as learning to accept and becoming mindful. The findings were reflected against Antonovsky’s theory of sense
of coherence and Kelly’s personal construct theory. Possibilities and obstacles, on an individual as well as a structural level,
for promoting patients’ capacity and learning were illuminated.
Conclusions: Patients suffering from MUS constantly engage in a reflective process involving reasoning about and
interpretation of their symptoms. Their efforts to describe their symptoms to healthcare professionals are part of this
reflection and search for meaning. The role of healthcare professionals in the interpretative process should be acknowledged
as a conventional and necessary care activity.
Key words: MUS, primary care, person centred care, phenomenological-hermeneutics
(Accepted: 19 March 2015; Published: 16 April 2015)
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is a condi-
tion that affects a large but heterogeneous group
of people. The health services have so far been
unsuccessful in addressing the healthcare needs of
these people, partly because of outdated theories and
diagnostic systems that fail to encompass the com-
plexity of the patients’ health problems (Fink &
Rosendal, 2008). The lack of a medical explanation
and cure leaves patients and healthcare professionals
in a ...
American academy for cerebral palsy and developmental medicine e coursesSahar Hassanein
This document provides information about online courses offered by AACPDM (American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine). It explains how to enroll in courses, system requirements, and cancellation policies. Course descriptions are provided for several upcoming courses, including ones on aspiration pneumonia, autism diagnosis challenges, spinal fusion for children with cerebral palsy, and transition to adulthood for youth with chronic needs. Learning objectives are outlined for each course.
The document discusses nursing diagnoses and the nursing process. It describes how nursing diagnoses are developed based on assessment data and enable nurses to create care plans. There are four types of nursing diagnoses according to NANDA-I: problem-focused, risk, health promotion, and syndrome. Problem-focused diagnoses address current health problems while risk diagnoses apply to potential future problems. Health promotion diagnoses improve well-being and syndrome diagnoses refer to clusters of related diagnoses. All nursing diagnoses have three components: the problem/risk statement, related factors/risk factors, and defining characteristics/risk factors.
This document provides information about an introductory epidemiology module, including its aims, outline, learning outcomes, and assessment requirements. The module consists of three units covering descriptive epidemiology, measuring health and disease, and health system applications. Students must complete two assignments, with the first being a critical literature review on the health problem identified in a provided dataset, and the second a report analyzing the dataset and making recommendations. The document outlines the assignments and provides guidance on completing them.
This document provides an overview of key elements to consider when developing a research methodology. It discusses topics such as choosing a research topic, developing research objectives and questions, conducting a literature review, identifying variables, different study designs, sampling techniques, data collection tools, data analysis, and ethical considerations. Key points covered include how to form a research title in response to an issue or gap identified, developing general and specific objectives, searching literature to establish theoretical background and compare findings, distinguishing between independent, dependent, and confounding variables, common study designs like case-control and cohort studies, probability and non-probability sampling, appropriate sample sizes, and obtaining informed consent from research participants.
The document discusses the nursing process phase of diagnosing. It defines diagnosing as analyzing assessment data to derive meaning and form nursing diagnoses. Nursing diagnoses focus on the human response to health problems and are formulated using the NANDA taxonomy, which provides standardized labels. A nursing diagnosis consists of a label, definition, defining characteristics, and related/risk factors. It identifies actual or potential client health issues nurses can treat.
Assignment 2 Assessing and Treating Patients With SleepWake Disord.docxsalmonpybus
Assignment 2: Assessing and Treating Patients With Sleep/Wake Disorders
Sleep disorders are conditions that result in changes in an individual’s pattern of sleep (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Not surprisingly, a sleep disorder can affect an individual’s overall health, safety, and quality of life. Psychiatric nurse practitioners can treat sleep disorders with psychopharmacologic treatments, however, many of these drugs can have negative effects on other aspects of a patient’s health and well-being. Additionally, while psychopharmacologic treatments may be able to address issues with sleep, they can also exert potential challenges with waking patterns. Thus, it is important for the psychiatric nurse practitioner to carefully evaluate the best psychopharmacologic treatments for patients that present with sleep/wake disorders.
Reference: Mayo Clinic. (2020).
Sleep disorders
. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20354018
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.
Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for the assessment and treatment of patients with sleep/wake disorders.
The Assignment: 5 pages
Examine
Case Study: Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult.
You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this patient. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
At each decision point, you should evaluate all options before selecting your decision and moving throughout the exercise. Before you make your decision, make sure that you have researched each option and that you evaluate the decision that you will select. Be sure to research each option using the primary literature.
Introduction to the case (1 page)
Briefly explain and summarize the case for this Assignment. Be sure to include the specific patient factors that may impact your decision making when prescribing medication for this patient.
Decision #1 (1 page)
Which decision did you select?
Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
Why did you not select the other two options provided in the exercise? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resources, including the primary literature.
What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources (including the primary literature).
Explain how ethical considerations may impact your treatment plan and communication with patients. Be specific and provide examples.
Decision #2 (1 page)
Why did you select this decision? Be specific and support your response with clinically relevant and patient-specific resou.
Why does teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases remain hig.docxvelmakostizy
Why does teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases remain high in the U.S.
What can healthcare providers do that decrease the rate of teen pregnancy and STD’s in the US?
* These questions should be researched and incorporated in the body of the paper and answered.
This is my introduction already done.
Adolescent Sex
Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases continue to be an important healthcare issue in the 20
th
century.
Although teen pregnancy rates have dropped there are still concerns and healthcare problems that are associated with teen pregnancy.
Often times they are afraid to discuss sex with their parents and deny will deny being sexually active at all.
There are problems that manifest with
adolescent pregnancy for the mother and often times the infants as well.
The high school drop out rate among pregnant high school students is approximated at about
70 percent and is cited as the number reason teens drop out prior to graduation
.
There is also an estimated $7 billion revenue cost associated with teen pregnancy in the United States alone.
[KD2]
The risk of young people engaging in early sexual intercourse is largely due to the lack of sexual education, peer pressure and social influences.
Chlamydial infection, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS, primary and secondary syphilis, and hepatitis B virus infection are amid the highest reported STDs with chlamydia noted as the most dominate which is likely due to the fact that there is more vigorous testing.
Some of the other noted STDs are genital herpes, trichomoniasis, Chancroid, and HPV.
Often times and without any signs or symptoms present more than one pathogen is involved with sexually transmitted diseases. Typically the only environments in which there remain viable pathogens is the bodily fluids from the genitourinary tract requiring there to be intimate contact for them to be acquired.
Although it affects men and women chlamydia is predominately seen in young women and is the most common nationally known sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.
Bodily fluids from the genitourinary tract are typically the environments in which there remain viable pathogens, so intimate contact is generally required to obtain STDs.
Chlamydia infections are asymptomatic in most women and can be transmitted during childbirth with the
potential of a newborn developing pneumonia as a complication.
If it is not treated
chlamydia can spread to the uterus and fallopian tube creating further health problems and permanent damage to the reproductive system.
Teaching abstinence is the most affective way to prevent pregnancy and STDs but sexuality and curiosity of sex begins at a young age and exploration into sexuality is a natural part of personal development.
I feel it is our
[KD3]
role and responsibility as healthcare providers to provide adolescents and teens with the information and risk factors involved with having sex.
They need to be educated on contraceptives, pregnancy and S.
Select one of the body systems from the University of Phoenix Mate.docxbagotjesusa
This document provides instructions for an article critique assignment on a public health intervention program. Students are asked to locate a peer-reviewed journal article describing a theoretically-based intervention addressing a public health issue. The critique must include: a brief summary of the theory used in the intervention; a summary of the intervention program and its results; an evaluation of how well the theory was applied in the intervention; and an assessment of the intervention's effectiveness and strengths/weaknesses. The critique should be less than 3 pages following APA style guidelines.
This document discusses the challenges of assessing the thorax, lungs, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular systems due to their complex interrelated structures and functions. It notes that less experienced nurses like the author may provide inaccurate information when evaluating these systems. Age differences can also impact findings interpretation. Additionally, pediatric patients cannot always supply clarifying information during exams. The author advocates collaborating with experienced nurses to accurately interpret exam findings like breath sounds. Patient factors like occupation may further aid interpretation.
This document provides notes on the female reproductive system prepared by Mark Fredderick R. Abejo. It describes the internal and external female reproductive organs including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vulva, and clitoris. It also discusses common female reproductive disorders such as ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids/leiomyomas. The causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and collaborative management of each condition are described.
1) The document discusses perioperative nursing, including types of surgical procedures, classifications of procedures, informed consent, preoperative medications and teachings, and the surgical team.
2) It also discusses postoperative complications involving various body systems like respiratory, circulatory, and wounds. Principles of surgical asepsis and PACU/RR care are outlined.
3) Oncology nursing is discussed, differentiating benign and malignant neoplasms. Recommendations for cancer screening and warning signs of cancer are provided. Internal radiation therapy and nursing management are summarized.
1. The document provides information on community health nursing for the upcoming December 2012 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination, including topics on the DOH vision and mission, levels of prevention, common generic drugs, herbal plants, health indicators, and epidemiology.
2. Details are given on the Field Health Service Information System for reporting, as well as health indicators such as maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate.
3. Guidelines are outlined for approved water facilities, toilet facilities, excreta disposal, and the National TB Program's disease causation, transmission, clinical manifestations, reservoirs, diagnosis, and treatment including nursing implications.
The document provides information on various topics related to maternal and child health nursing for the upcoming December 2012 PNLE exam, including:
1. Stages of pregnancy, signs of pregnancy, diagnostic tests during pregnancy such as ultrasound and amniocentesis.
2. Discomforts of pregnancy like nausea and vomiting, and ways to manage them.
3. Details of the stages of labor, nursing care during labor, and complications like abortion and ectopic pregnancy.
4. Postpartum topics like lochia, perineal lacerations, micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy.
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in fundamentals of nursing that may be covered in the upcoming December 2012 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination (PNLE), including nursing theorists, the nursing process, roles of nurses, and concepts of health, disease, and illness transmission.
2. Some of the nursing theorists discussed are Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, Faye Abdellah, and nursing models like the environmental theory, 14 basic human needs theory, and patient-centered approaches.
3. The nursing process is also summarized, outlining the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases.
4. The roles and functions of professional nurses
This document is the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 from the Philippines. It defines cybercrime and establishes punishments for illegal computer access, data interference, system interference, misuse of devices, cyber-squatting, computer-related forgery, fraud and identity theft, cybersex, child pornography, unsolicited commercial communications, and libel committed through computer systems. It assigns the National Bureau of Investigation and Philippine National Police to enforce cybercrime laws and authorizes them to collect traffic data in real-time related to communications with a warrant. Corporations can also face liability and fines if cybercrimes are committed on their behalf.
Modern contraceptives and reproductive health services can help reduce maternal deaths, infant mortality, and cancer risks. They allow individuals to safely space pregnancies and plan family size, helping families invest more in health and education over fewer dependents. Widespread access benefits public health and promotes equity, with evidence that reproductive health programs save lives and money for social spending.
Preparing for a healthy 2012 Games provides advice for visitors on how to stay healthy during their trip to London for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Visitors should speak to their doctor at least 4 weeks before traveling to arrange for any necessary medical preparations such as bringing prescribed medications and insurance documents. Visitors should also pack comfortable walking shoes, clothes for varying weather, and sunscreen of at least SPF 15 as they will likely do a lot of walking between venues and sights. The document provides information on where to go for medical treatment or advice during the Games, including pharmacies, walk-in centers, and accident and emergency departments. It stresses the importance of having travel insurance to cover healthcare costs.
This document provides tips on staying healthy during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. It outlines the various medical services available, including NHS Choices for general health information and advice, pharmacies for minor illnesses and medications, walk-in centers for immediate treatment of minor injuries or illnesses, and accident and emergency departments for serious or life-threatening conditions. It also provides recommendations for staying hydrated, enjoying the sun safely, eating well, traveling safely, and bringing necessary medications.
This document provides guidance for integrated management of childhood illnesses for children aged up to 5 years. It outlines how to assess, classify, and treat sick young infants aged up to 6 months as well as sick children aged 6 months to 5 years. It describes how to check for general danger signs, ask about main symptoms, classify illnesses, and identify appropriate treatment plans. It also provides counseling guidance for mothers on feeding recommendations, hygiene, follow-up care, and when to return to the health worker.
1. The document provides an overview of key topics that may be covered in the upcoming July 2012 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination (PNLE), including nursing theorists, the nursing process, nursing roles and functions, and isolation precautions.
2. It discusses several influential nursing theorists and their models, such as Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, and Jean Watson. It also outlines the main steps and considerations for the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention/implementation, and evaluation.
3. The roles and functions of professional nurses are defined, including direct care provider, communicator, teacher, counselor, client advocate, change agent, leader, and manager.
4. Standard precautions,
The document discusses the surgical team and perioperative nursing. It describes:
1) The major types of pathologic processes requiring surgery such as obstruction, perforation, erosion, and tumors.
2) The classification of surgical procedures according to purpose such as diagnostic, exploratory, curative, and palliative, and according to urgency such as emergent, urgent, elective, and non-urgent.
3) The roles of the surgical team which includes the surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, and circulating nurse. The roles and responsibilities of each member are outlined.
This initiative aims to address public health needs in poor rural communities through nurse entrepreneurship. Nurses will form cooperatives to manage clinics and deploy to areas lacking healthcare. This will reduce healthcare costs, maximize nurse employment, and utilize human resources to achieve health objectives. Several government agencies and organizations will support the nurses through training, funding, and promoting their services to achieve the public health goals.
The document provides information on various diagnostic tests performed during pregnancy including amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling, ultrasound, and alpha-fetoprotein screening. It discusses signs and symptoms of pregnancy such as breast changes, nausea, and a positive pregnancy test. Common discomforts of pregnancy like heartburn and constipation are also outlined along with recommended health teachings. The document concludes with an overview of electronic fetal monitoring including the non-stress test to monitor fetal heart rate.
1. This document provides information on psychiatric nursing for the July 2012 PNLE exam, including topics on neurotransmitters, therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques, defense mechanisms, the nurse-patient relationship, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and antidepressant medications.
2. Key aspects of neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and GABA are discussed. Therapeutic communication techniques include silence, reflection, and clarification, while non-therapeutic techniques include reassurance and advising.
3. Common defense mechanisms, the phases of the nurse-patient relationship, levels of anxiety and interventions, and assessments and treatments for various mood and
The document provides information on the Professional Adjustment, Leadership & Management, and Research (PALMER) section of the Philippine Nursing Licensure Examination (PNLE). Some key topics that may appear on the upcoming July 2012 PNLE include:
- Patient's bill of rights
- Organization and responsibilities of the Board of Nursing
- Requirements and qualifications for nursing licensure, practice, and education
- Nursing jurisprudence including laws affecting the nursing profession, negligence, malpractice, and informed consent
- Restraints, living wills, and advance directives
The document provides information about community health nursing for the upcoming Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination (PNLE) in July 2012. It discusses the Department of Health's vision and mission, levels of prevention, common herbal medicines used in the Philippines, and key topics that may be covered in the exam such as the Family Health Service Information System (FHSIS) and maternal, infant, and neonatal mortality rates.
The document discusses perioperative nursing, which describes the nursing care provided during the surgical experience. It is divided into three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative.
The preoperative phase extends from admission to the surgical unit until being transported to the operating room. The intraoperative phase is from admission to the OR until being transported to the recovery room. The postoperative phase is from the recovery room until follow-up care.
The document also discusses the goals, assessments, screening tests, and interventions of the preoperative phase, including addressing patient fears and obtaining informed consent.
Community health nursing involves promoting health, preventing disease, and managing factors affecting health at the community level. It aims to raise the overall health status of populations. A community is defined as a group of people living in a specific geographical area with common characteristics or interests. Community health nursing utilizes the nursing process to provide care to individuals, families, population groups, and communities. It combines public health science with nursing skills and social assistance. The community is considered the patient, with the family as the unit of care.
1. ( PUT YOUR TITLE HERE…. Follow Format Below )
LEVEL OF AWARENESS AND ACCEPTANCE ON HUMAN PAPILLOMA
VACCINE AMONG FEMALE CALL CENTER AGENTS:
AN ASSESSMENT
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to Thesis Committee and Faculty of
System Technology Institute
College of Nursing
Global City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Presented by
( Researcher’s Name )
FEBUARY 2011
2. APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “Thesis Title” was prepared and submitted by Researcher’s Name
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
Mark Fredderick R. Abejo RN, MAN
Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ________%
__________________________
_____________________ ______________________
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
Mr. Peter V. Agruda RN, MAN
OIC, College of Nursing
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction…………………………………………………..……...……
Conceptual Framework……………………….…………………..….…..
Statement of the Problem………….…………….……………….……...
Significance of the Study……………………..…….………..........……..
Scope and Limitations………………………………...……….………....
Definitions of Terms……………………………………….….…….…….
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Foreign Literature………………………………………..…....…
Related Local Literature…………………………………..……..….…...
Related Foreign Studies………………………………………..……...…
Related Local Studies………………………………………………..…...
III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Design ………………….……………………………….……..
Participant Selection…………….……………………………….…..
Research Instrument…………….……………………………….…..
Data Gathering Technique…………………..………….…………….…
Data Collection Procedure…………………..………….………………
Statistical Treatment…….…………………..………….……….………
4. CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The student / researcher explain the background of the study and cites
situations or statements of authorities to explain why the study is being
conducted. The student/researcher points out that the study is on/about a special
problem different from other problems. The interplay of identified variables that
may cause a process to take place is discussed.
Example:
One of the biggest health problems in the world today is diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic (long-term) condition marked by abnormally high levels of
sugar (glucose) in the blood. People with diabetes either do not produce enough
insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into
energy needed for daily life or cannot use the insulin that their bodies produce.
As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream. If left untreated, diabetes can
lead to blindness, kidney disease, nerve disease, heart disease, and stroke. It is
a common chronic disease that affects approximately 245 million people
worldwide and the numbers simply keep on growing with each passing day. For
many people, diabetes is a reality that they have live with every single day.
However, it is possible to lead a healthy and wholesome life even with diabetes.
5. Diabetes kills one person every 10 seconds and infects two persons in the
same short time. This is the scary reality behind this silent killer, which is taking
as many lives as Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome. According to the Philippine Diabetes Association, 3.8 million people
die every year because of diabetes-related causes while 245 million are inflicted
with the disease worldwide.
By 2025, the figure is expected to double, affecting mostly Asia, the Pacific
region, Latin America and Africa, including the Philippines. The National Capital
Region has the most number which totals to 8 percent of the population while
rural areas have an average of 4 percent as of the last survey. The burden of
diabetes is often carried by the poor, mainly because treatment requires
finances. There are even some people who pull their relatives from the hospitals
and just wait for them to die in their homes because of expensive medication and
treatment.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework justifies the rationale for the investigations. It
gives the reason for search for new data and for analyzing, interpreting and
synthesizing these data. The framework also cites the theory / theories on which
the study is premised in order to establish the relationship among the variables in
the study.
6. Some disciplines require the presentation of a paradigm in order to explain
how the theory is going to rationalize in the study. In this discussion, pertinent
concepts or new ideas are cited for clarification.
Example:
Self – Awareness Theory
If you are watching a home video taken by a family member where you are
the centered attraction, you will be in a state of self- awareness (Arroson, Wilson,
& Akert, 2007). Self- awareness theory is the “idea that when people focus their
attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their
internal standards and values. Humans differentiate from most other species in
the way they can use self-concept, which is our own knowledge about who we
are, and they do this by taking the self as a focus of attention. The fact that as
human beings we are able to be self- aware enables us in a way to self-evaluate,
the way a person views themselves. People can compare themselves to internal
standards and assess whether they are sufficiently physically attractive,
intelligent, and sociable or anything that is seen as accurate and good. If any
discrepancies occur between your behavior and your inner standard, it will cause
a change of the behavior to create balance with your internal standards and
values.
The research paradigm will serve as a guide in conducting this study,
shown in Figure 1.
7. The first box contains the demographic profiles of the respondents which
are also shown in the statement of the problem.
The second box contains the process needed to achieve the goals of the
study. These are the analysis of documents, tabulation of data gathered from the
questionnaires through statistical methods, interpretation and analysis of data
gathered from questionnaires.
The third box contains the formulation of instruction guide.
Input Process Output
1. RESPONDENTS’
PROFILE ASSESSMENT
1.1 Age
Data are obtained
1.2 Sex by providing a set
1.3 Body Mass of questionnaires
Index to each
1.4 Educational
Attainment respondent.
1.5 Occupation
1.6 Years of
having type2
DM
ANALYSIS
Instructional
2. LEVEL OF Statistical
AWARENESS Guide
2.1 Physiological
treatment is
symptoms provided to show
2.3 Psychological the exact accurate
symptoms data
Research Paradigm
FIGURE 1
8. Statement of the Problem
The research problem that the student/researcher is investigating must
relate to his interest, background and expectance. It is expected to yield findings
that will provide his useful information in the area of this investigation. In the
choice of research topics, originality and relevance to contemporary problems
and issue must be considered.
The problem maybe about the relationship among variables which the
study aims to established and find out the extent of such relationship.
Example:
The study aimed to assess the level of awareness in the clinical
manifestation of diabetes mellitus type 2 in prevention of complication.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub- problems:
1. What is the profile of the correspondents in terms of their:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Body Mass Index
2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents in the clinical
manifestation of Type 2 Diabetes in terms of:
2.1 Physiological Symptoms
2.2 Psychological Symptoms
9. 3. Is there a significant difference on the level of awareness in terms of
physiological and psychological symptoms?
4. What instructional plan can be formulated to increase the level of
awareness of the type 2 diabetes patients?
Hypotheses
The hypotheses states the relationship between variables and this relationship
must be tested. It is tested statistically to solve the research problem. It indicates what
the researcher must gather. The hypothesis is accepted or rejected depending on the
result of the statistical test.
Example:
There is a no significant difference between the level of awareness regarding
clinical manifestation in term of physiological and psychological symptoms.
Significance of the Study
In this part of the research, the student/researcher cites the importance of
expected outcomes of the investigation. Research result will come up with the
solution to a problem or encourage further research on the problem.
10. The student/researcher also explains that the research is not a duplication
of the previous studies. It may, however, be a replication or follow up of previous
study, result of which needs further study or verification.
Significance of the study also state that the probable effects on the results
of the study on a theory or practice. The student also gives the importance of the
study to his profession, to a particular discipline and to the community as well.
Example
The findings of the study may be of help to the following:
Nursing Practice. Analysis, interpretation and implications of the data
gathered will provide an actual and practical understanding of nursing practice by
focusing on the resulting strategies for better nursing care management for
diabetic clients.
Respondents. The results of the research will enlighten them on how to
manage their own health conditions. It will further help them understand their
health problem and realize that there is hope in battling the disease through
appropriate knowledge and awareness of the different clinical manifestation of
type 2 diabetes. Moreover, they can live a happy, healthy long life and can
prevent the occurrence of complications.
Family Members. The agony of knowing a member of the family is
suffering from an incurable and serious disease could cause for a panic.
However, the results of the present research can be utilized in educating the
11. family members on how to help the respondents in their quest in controlling their
blood glucose levels.
Researchers. The results can be used by other researchers as reference
for a further study about the effectiveness of diet and exercise management
using a wider range and diversified groups of respondents.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
To specify scope, the student/researcher spells out the coverage of the study in
terms of subject, concepts, specific aspect of a phenomenon, treatment, sampling and
time frame. The who, what, when, where and how of the study will be clarified.
The student delimits the aspects of the subject being investigated considering
specific constraints such as foreseen weaknesses in methodology and design,
statistical analysis, representative of sampling and time. Delimitation sets the limit of
what the research will include and what will not include.
Example:
The study will try to identify the level of awareness of the respondents about the
clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes. It will include type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
at ____________________________________. They were chosen regardless of their
age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and employment status. . A total
number of 50 respondents will take as sample. The study is limited to the level of
awareness regarding clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes. It does not include the
financial issues and other problems of the respondents.
12. Definition of Terms
Terms used in the statement of the problem and title must be defined
according to how they are used in the study. These terms must be defined
contextually or operationally. This means that the definition is based on how the
term is used within the context of the study. Terms may also be defined
according to authorities on the subject of investigation. Dictionary definition
should not be used.
The following terms are defined according to its use in the present
research.
Awareness, as used in the study, it means having knowledge or cognizance
about the clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes.
13. CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies conducted by other
researchers that have relevance to the present research study. The related
literatures and results of previous studies will strengthen the findings of the
present research study. Moreover, the similarities and differences of the findings
will be utilized in the analysis of the results of the present research study.
The related literature consists of readings from various authorities on the
subject of the research which provide the student/researcher important concepts
and principles that will go into the theoretical/conceptual framework and guide
the formulation of the questionnaire or survey tool.
The related studies/research consists of previous researches that relate to
the current study as to purpose, subject investigated, methodology and more
importantly the findings. Similarities and differences between previous research
and current research are pointed out. What the current research will contribute to
the field under investigation is discussed to justify its pursuit despite previous
research on this. The review of related studies/research develops in the
researcher insights into aspects of the study that might be controversial. It helps
the researcher avoid errors committed by previous investigations. Through the
review, useful ideas and related variables may be identified which will give
direction to the present research.
14. The student/ researcher should used only literature and studies written
and published 5 years backward from the year of his research and study.
Example
Related Literature
Local Literature (5)
According to Susan Trinidad, (2001) RN, A Head Nurse Educator from
Makati Medical Center, health teaching is not new role for nurses. In nursing
history, health teaching is focused about sanitation, housing and care for the sick
in the hospital and community. Today education and training about preventive
health and practices and health promotion are considered essential components
of comprehensive health care.
Our teaching nurse being a member of the health care team usually
spends more time with patients or client than other team members. This contact
provides in her the opportunity to develop rapport and build a trust relationship
with the patient and his/her family. Thus he/she is able to complete the
assessment of an individual patient, learning needs, and provides continuity
throughout the teaching process.
Hard work and dedication are pre-requisites for a nurse to become a
diabetic nurse. Trinidad said; “Anything worthwhile is usually challenging and
requires hard work”. Leadership should be a positive force and one could lead by
setting achievement goals for every diabetic in your care.
15. Foreign Literature (5)
According to the World Health Organization (2000) report, medical
nutrition therapy is important in preventing diabetes, managing existing diabetes,
and preventing, or at least slowing, the rate of development of diabetes
complications. It is, therefore, important at all levels of diabetes prevention. MNT
is also an integral component of diabetes self-management education (or
training).
Achieving nutrition-related goals requires a coordinated team effort that
includes the person with diabetes and involves him or her in the decision-making
process. It is recommended that a registered dietitian, knowledgeable and skilled
in Medical nutrition therapy, be the team member who plays the leading role in
providing nutrition care. However, it is important that all team members, including
physicians and nurses, be knowledgeable about Medical nutrition therapy and
support it’s implementation.
Related Studies
Local Studies (5)
Dr. Rosa Allyn Sy (2002) from Cardinal Santos Medical Center, noted the
development of different food pyramids worldwide has proven to be an important
educational tool for health care professionals while counseling patients on
healthy eating habits. Just a year ago, The Philippine Association for the Study of
16. Overweight and Obesity (PASOO) supported by the president and other officer
and members of the Board of Directors, conceptualized the Filipino Pyramid
Activity Guide. Similar to a food guide, it is intended to help diabetic educators
illustrate more clearly which activities would be beneficial to their patients. The
activity pyramid guide uses simple and easy action words or instructions like
Habitually, Often, Regularly and Minimal to indicate activities that would provide
the most benefit in terms of cardiovascular and metabolic health. Included in the
guide is the number of calories burned per minute per kilogram of body weight of
the person performing the activity. The base of the pyramid includes activities
that are easy, convenient, and accessible to everyone. These activities, part of
our daily routines, when performed habitually or daily for minimum of 30 minutes,
even 10 minutes at a time will provide metabolic efficiency by increasing total
energy expenditure.
So if one is diabetic obese, with poor sugar control and have never
engaged in any form of exercise before, activities like walking, climbing the stairs,
or doing household chores may be a good start. It is important to note that for
beginners, the amount of cumulative activity time is more important than the
specific type and manner of activity. Aerobic exercise like jogging, brisk walking,
swimming, aerobic dancing and recreational activities like ballroom dancing,
badminton, tennis etc., burn more calories per millimeter per body weight and are
advised for those who want to lose more weight. To get the most benefit from the
activity, it has easy action words or instructions which can be done 3-5 times a
17. week for at least 30-45 minutes. These activities will improve cardiovascular
endurance. The Filipino Pyramid Activity Guide is intended to be a guide that
should help everyone select an activity that best fits his lifestyle and health
needs. Just thirty minutes of the different activities over the course of a day is
healthy and rewarding.
Foreign Studies (5)
Dr. Diana Chau and Steven V. Edelman (2003) in the fall issue of Clinical
Diabetes noted “Goals of therapy for the elderly diabetic patients should include
the evaluation of their functional status, life expectancy, social and financial
support, and their own desires for treatment. A full geriatrics assessment
performed before establishing any long term therapy may aid in identifying
potential problems that could significantly impair the success of a given therapy.
Often, elderly patients have cognitive impairment, limitation in their activities of
daily living, undiagnosed depression, and difficult social issues that need to be
addressed.” The population of the elderly is increasing and more attention should
be paid to social security systems may fail to ensure the appropriate care to the
millions who will be affected by diabetes in 2025. Moreover by promoting
diabetes prevention, we will ensure that those millions who already have
diabetes will not face the nightmare of a regression in the quality of care they
deserve while, on the country, there is a great need in many parts of the world to
improve it
18. CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This part of the research/study presents the design of the study,
particularly the research methods and techniques to be used, how the subjects
are chosen, how the sample size is determined, the instrument to be used and
their validation and the data analysis scheme which includes the application of
statistical tools for treatment of data yielded by the study.
Research Design
The research design identifies the procedures by which the study
population will be selected, how these subjects will be used to yield the required
data, how the data will be collected and how these data will be analyzed.
Example:
The researcher used the descriptive method research in determining the
level of awareness regarding the clinical manifestation of the respondents with
type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Costales (2001) discussed the descriptive research design and pointed out
that specifically, the survey research was used to gather pertinent data. The
methodology’s time focus was the present condition as well as the future. It also
involves description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the status and
19. condition that were obtained in a particular research situation. It usually involves
comparison and contrast, and may attempt to discover a cause and effect
relationship that exists between non-manipulative variables.
This research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods of study. In
assessing the profile the respondents, quantitative method was used. And also,
the data were collected through the patients’ health records in the health center.
Respondents of the Study
In this section, the student describes the population, why and how the subject are
chosen and discusses the sampling technique employed. A statistician may be consulted
to determine the appropriateness of the sample size for the study.
Example:
The study will be conducted at Rizal Medical Center Diabetic Center. It is a
tertiary hospital with more than 100 bed capacity. The Diabetic Center consists of
35 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients .The respondents will be type 2 diabetes
mellitus patients of Rizal Medical Center Diabetic Center which is non-probability
purposive.
Instrument Used
In this part of research, the tools for data collection are described such as
test and questionnaires to be constructed, validated and administered. If the
instrument is prepared by researcher, it should be tested for validity and
20. reliability. If the instrument is standardized, the student/researcher indicates its
reliability coefficient.
Example:
The instruments used in this study were one set of questionnaires for the
respondents.
The questionnaire for the respondents are consists of two parts:
Part I.
Dealt with the respondent’s personal and professional profile. This part
elicited data on name, age, sex, body mass index, educational attainment,
occupation and the years having type 2 diabetes.
Part II.
Dealt on the level of awareness regarding the clinical manifestation of type
2 diabetes in terms of physiological and psychological symptoms.
Before the questionnaires / checklist were distributed and administered, a
pre-test was conducted with 5 respondents who were not participants in the
study. Their comments were included in the final form of the refined instrument
and submitted for final draft.
Statistical Treatment of Data
This part of the research identifies the kind of data yielded by the study
and presents the testing of hypothesis. The kind of statistical tool used is
determined by the hypothesis presented in the study. It is advisable to consult a
21. statistician before administering the questionnaire since the manner of
questioning and what question to ask will help determine the treatment of the
hypotheses. The statistical treatment should be appropriate to the data yielded
by the study. This section also presents the statistical formula used and justified
their used.
Example:
Specific Question Number 1
What is the profile of the correspondents in terms age, gender, civil status,
educational attainment, employment status and frequency of monitoring blood
glucose?
To determine the answer to problem number 1 which is concerned with the
profile of the respondents in terms of their age, gender, civil status, educational
attainment, employment status and frequency of monitoring blood glucose, the
frequency and percentage was used.
The formula was:
% = F/N X 100
Where:
F- is the frequency of responses
N- is the total number of respondents
100- is the constant in order to get the percentage
22. Specific Question Number 2
What is the extent of compliance of the respondents to blood glucose
monitoring through finger sticks analysis in terms of their knowledge and skills?
Specific Question Number 3
How do the respondents perceived the effects of home blood glucose
monitoring in terms of physiological and psychological effects?
To determine the extent to which the home blood glucose monitoring has
complied with the standard procedures and the perceived effect of home blood
glucose monitoring, the weighted means was determined by multiplying the
frequency the weight and by dividing the frequency using the following formula:
WM = ∑ wf
_____
n
Where: WM = weighted mean
wf = the sum of the product of the frequency and unit weight
n = total number of cases
23. A Likert five point scale with the following interpretation was provided to
guide the respondents as follows:
Unit Weight Weighted Mean Verbal
Assigned Values Interval Interpretation
5 4.20 – 5.00 Fullest Extent (FstE)
4 3.4 – 4.19 Full Extent (FE)
3 2.6 – 3.39 Moderate Extent (ME)
2 1.80 – 2.59 Partial Extent (PE)
1 1.0 – 1.79 No Influence (NI)