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Minor disorders of puerperium
- 1. Minor Disorders of Puerperium Baby Minor Complications Group 9 Normal Labour & Puerperium
- 2. Goals and Objectives • At the end of this presentation, we hope we would enlighten our colleagues On; 1. Differences between minor disorders and life threatening conditions of a baby at the perperium stage 2. Effective management minor disorders of a baby at the pauperum stage
- 3. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Stuffy nose 3. Sticky eyes 4. Skin rashes 5. vomiting 6. Engorged breast 7. Diarrhea 8. Neonatal constipation 9. Urine retention 10.Vaginal discharge 11.Umbilicus granuloma 12.conclusion
- 4. Introduction •Most mothers observe their babies carefully and are often worried by minor physical peculiarities, which may be of no major consequences •Minor disorders are most common among newborns, although minor disorders are not cause for alarm neglecting them may contribute to a major health problem and even mortality.
- 5. Definitions •Minor disorders of the puerperium are those that are not life threatening and can be managed effectively. Some of the disorders that occur in newborns include; Sticky eyes Skin rashes, Oral thrush, Engorged breast, Diarrhea, Neonatal constipation, Urine retention, Vaginal discharge etc.
- 6. Stuffy Nose •Stuffy nose occurs when tissues in the nose swell. Usually goes away within a week • Symptoms; Snorting and sneezing • Causes; Left over in-utero fluid, dry air, irritants like dust, smoke or perfume, viral disease like common cold • Management; Cleaning with normal saline and cotton wool, infant nasal bulb suctioning, saline nasal drop and draining.
- 7. Sticky eyes • Clear white to yellow discharge in either one or both eyes of newborn. Crust may be form on eyelid and/ lashes making lids ‘sticky’ • Causes; Baby’s underdeveloped or extremely fine tear duct, inability to flush eyes. Debris Vernix and ammonitic fluid could initiate ‘sticky eyes’ • Symptoms; yellowish discharges, closed eyes • Management; clean baby’s eyes with sterile water and cotton wool. Massaging lacrimal sac towards the nose. If persists for 12 months see a specialist
- 8. Jaundice •Many babies, particularly small babies (less than 2.5 kg at birth or born before 37 weeks gestation), may have jaundice during the first week of life mostly the 3rd day after birth and peak at the 5th or 6th day. •Symptoms; yellowish discoloration of the skin, face or whole body •Causes; Break down of fetal hemoglobin and relatively immature liver of baby to metabolize, high bilirubin after birth •Treatment; no treatment jaundice clears up in 2 weeks, phototherapy
- 9. Caput succedaneum • Caput succedaneum” refers to swelling, or edema, of an infant’s scalp that appears as a lump or bump on their head shortly after delivery. • Cause; prolonged labour, early rupture of membrane, vacuum suctioning • Symptoms; puffiness under skin of the scalp, soft swollen skin ,edematous, one side or midline, no defined borders • Treatment goes away in time, mould would be seen when swelling is going down. Do not drain fluid.
- 10. Engorged breast • Neonate may develop engorged breast due to mothers high level hormones when in utero. Neonate may have swollen tissue around the breast • Causes; Raised hormonal levels of mother • Symptoms; swollen breast • Management; Requires no treatment usually resolves in 2 weeks, Massage, fomentation and squeezing should be avoided
- 11. Umbilicus Granuloma • Umbilicus granuloma is a moist, not painful red lump of tissue that forms around the umbilicus when umbilical cord has dried off and fallen. There may be secretion • Symptoms; red lump, oozing fluid at umbilicus • Management; usually resolves on its own. Silver nitrate helps shrink and remove, surgical thread maybe tied at granuloma to cut off blood supply, this aids in shrinking and removal. baby’s navel should be cleaned and specialist must be contacted in case of increased swelling, warmth, redness, pus draining, fever, pain and around the navel
- 12. Vaginal discharge • Neonate baby girls may have vaginal discharges due to effects of maternal hormones • Symptoms; thick grayish white discharge, yellow tinged discharge or bloody discharge, puffy labia majora • Cause; Maternal hormones withdrawal symptoms • Management; usually resolves in 10days,vulva care • Contact specialist if it persist for more than 2 weeks or has foul smell • why?
- 13. Oral thrush • Thrush is a common infection in the mouth by fungal. • Causes; yeast fungus Candida albicans, reduce immunity usually after treatment with antibiotics • Symptoms; white patches in mouth esp. tongue, white lesions, may be painful, corners of mouth may crack • Management; usually resolves in 2 weeks. Monitor infection without using medication, mother’s nipple should be treated to prevent infection passing back and forth. • Prevention; Antenatal vaginal yeast infection should be treated, breast yeast infection should be treated, clean pacifier or boil them.
- 14. Diaper rash • Use of nylon or water tight plastic napkins and delay in changing the napkins causes redness, induration and excoriation due to ammoniacal dermatitis • Symptoms; red rashes at Baby’s buttocks • Management; The bottom should be cleaned gently with wet cotton and kept dry and exposed to air.• Application of soothing ointment or coconut oil provides relief.
- 15. Diarrhea • The breastfeed babies develop increases frequency of stools • Causes; if the mother is taking ampicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, certain laxatives and following excessive consumption of foods with high organic acid content such as oranges, cherries, tomatoes and chilies.• The intake of large quantities of glucose water and honey by the baby may result in diarrhea. faulty techniques of feeding • Management; Proper techniques of feeding, exclusive breastfeeding
- 16. Failure to pass meconium and urine • Healthy babies must void within 24 hours of age. The babies pass black stools during first 2-3 days of life, followed by greenish stools for next 1-2 days.• • The non passage of meconium, should be informed to the physician or other health care professionals.
- 17. Neonatal constipation • Babies on cow milk or formula are usually constipated due to hard casein curds. Constipation difficulty in passing stools or infrequent stools, usually dry • Symptoms; Rabbit stools or gravel in size,2- 3 days of no stool normal • Management; Assess fluid solid ratio, advise mother on proper way to prepare feed, Baby should be given small amount of boiled and boiled water,
- 18. Skin Rashes • Babies commonly present with non-infective skin rashes within the first few weeks of life, which usually resolve spontaneously without treatment. • • Erythema toxicum: also known as urticaria neonatorum, is a blotchy red rash with pinhead papules, which usually occurs within the first week of life and normally disappears within a day or two. • • Heat rashes: appear as reddened areas, often in the skin folds and have hard pinpoint centres. The rash resolves quickly when the baby cools down. • • Milia: also know as a sweat rash, is seen in babies who become overheated and is due to blocked sweat glands. Less clothing and fewer cot blankets should be used and more fresh air may help.
- 19. Skin rashes
- 20. Regurgitation or Vomiting • Regurgitation is the effortless posseting of small amounts of milk following a feed. It usually occurs after a large feed and is usually of no importance. A newborn baby may have swallowed liquor amnii, blood, or mucus shortly before or during the process of being born. If following birth he or she vomits watery fluid or mucus, possibly streaked with blood, reassure the mother that it is usually of no significance. • Vomiting other than this may well be abnormal and should be referred to the paediatrician. Possible causes may be: • • Feeding errors • • Infection • • Intracranial injury • • Congenital malformation • • Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn • • Metabolic disorders.
- 21. Conclusion • Minor complications of neonates at the puerperal stage are disorders that can be effectively managed. Neglecting such disorders may lead to more serious disorders or even motility. Nursing education is vital in promoting proper management of babies with these this orders
- 22. •Are you doubt? •Contact Your Nurse/Midwife Thank You Group 9
- 23. Group Members • GROUP MEMBERS 1/23/2019 Group 9 23 Kyerewaa Theresa 10659395 Tetteh-Mensah Sarah Melissa 10674896 Amoako-Mensah Deborah 10683108 Kwantwi Barimah Sammy Jr. 10674036 Aboagyewaa Millicent 10665141 Agyemang-Adu Priscilla 10662451 Osei Kofi Junior Stephanopoulos 10674413 Obenu Nadjokie Deborah 10671063 Abigail Owusu Jnr 10705752 Akwa Peace Sylvia 10687825
- 24. references • Oxford handbook of Midwives retrieved from www.nursecrib.com 8/11/18 • Bonita F. S., M D Joseph W. St. Geme III, MD Nina F. Schor, MD, PhD Richard E. Behrman, MD Nelson Textbook of PEDIATRICS1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899