Abstract
Neurosurgical interventions date back to ancient civilization, 5100 BC through a practice known as trephination. Due to past abuse and ethical considerations, neurosurgical interventions in psychiatry remain a controversial issue. This article aims to review the different surgical techniques and their current application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave its approval for vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) for the management of treatment-resistant depression in 2005 and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in 2009. These invasive but non destructive techniques represent the future of neurosurgery for mental disorder.
MeSH terms
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Anxiety Disorders / physiopathology
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Anxiety Disorders / psychology
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Anxiety Disorders / surgery
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Brain / physiopathology
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Brain / surgery
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Chronic Disease
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Deep Brain Stimulation / methods
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Depressive Disorder, Major / physiopathology
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Depressive Disorder, Major / psychology
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Depressive Disorder, Major / surgery
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Humans
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Mental Disorders / physiopathology
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Mental Disorders / psychology
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Mental Disorders / surgery*
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Neural Pathways / physiopathology
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Neural Pathways / surgery
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / physiopathology
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / psychology
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / surgery
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Psychosurgery / adverse effects
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Psychosurgery / methods*
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Treatment Outcome
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation / methods