2022 in climate change

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

List of years in climate change

This article documents events, research findings, effects, and responses related to global warming and climate change during the year 2022.

Summaries[edit]

Delay means death

     Nearly half of humanity is living in the danger zone—now. Many ecosystems are at the point of no return—now. Unchecked carbon pollution is forcing the world's most vulnerable on a frog march to destruction—now. The facts are undeniable. This abdication of leadership is criminal. The world's biggest polluters are guilty of arson of our only home. ... Today's report underscores two core truths. First, coal and other fossil fuels are choking humanity. (Second,) investments in adaptation work. ... Delay means death.

—António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations[1]
28 February 2022

  • ~22 January: the International Monetary Fund stated that "Much larger coordinated global policies—including carbon price floors—will be needed to meet the new goals laid out at the (Nov 2021) Glasgow climate conference and stave off catastrophic global climate change. ... Such national-level measures will need to be reinforced with adequately resourced multilateral climate finance initiatives to ensure that all countries can invest in needed mitigation and adaptation measures."[2]

Measurements and statistics[edit]

  • 13 January: Australia matched its hottest reliably recorded temperature near the West Australian town of Onslow, registering 50.7 °C (123.3 °F).[3]
  • February: the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing was the first to rely 100% on artificial snow, exceeding Pyeongchang (2018, 90%) and Sochi (2014, 80%).[4] If global warming continue the trajectory of the preceding two decades, by 2100 the winter games were predicted to be unviable at 20 of 21 former host venues.[5]
  • 1 February: a study published in PLOS Climate reported that, in 2019, 57% of the global ocean surface recorded extreme heat, compared to 2% during the second industrial revolution, and that, between the 1980s and 2010s, the global mean normalized heat index increased by 68.23%.[6] Researchers stated that "many parts of the subtropical and midlatitude regions have reached a near-permanent extreme warming state".[6]
  • 14 February: a study published in Nature Climate Change concluded that the southwestern North American megadrought that began in 2000 was the driest 22-year period in southwestern North America since at least 800 CE, and forecast that this megadrought would very likely persist through 2022, matching the duration of a late-1500s megadrought.[7]
  • 7 March: researchers report in Nature Climate Change that more than three-quarters of the Amazon rainforest has been losing resilience due to deforestation and climate change since the early 2000s as measured by recovery-time from short-term perturbations ("critical slowing down" (CSD)), reinforcing the theory that it is approaching a critical transition.[8][9] On March 11, INPE reports satellite data that show record-high levels of Amazon deforestation in Brazil for a February (199 km²).[10]
  • 15 March: a Global Energy Monitor report based on mine-level data and modeling determined that coal mining emits 52.3 million tonnes of methane per year, rivaling oil (39 million tonnes) and gas (45 million tonnes), and comparable to the climate impact of the CO2 emissions of all coal plants in China.[11]
  • 24 March: a study published in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change review the biophysical mechanisms by which forests influence climate, showing that beyond 50°N large scale deforestation leads to a net global cooling, that tropical deforestation leads to substantial warming from non-CO2-impacts, and that standing tropical forests help cool the average global temperature by more than 1 °C.[12][13]
In 2021, wind and solar power reached a record 10% of global electricity.[14] Shown: 20 leading countries.[15]
  • 30 March: Ember's Global Electricity Review[15] reported that in 2021, wind and solar power reached a record 10% of global electricity, with clean power being 38% of supply, more than coal's 36%.[14] However, demand growth rebounded, leading to a record rise in coal power and emissions.[14]
  • 7 April: NOAA reported an annual increase in global atmospheric methane of 17 parts per billion (ppb) in 2021—averaging 1,895.7 ppb in that year—the largest annual increase recorded since systematic measurements began in 1983. The increase during 2020 was 15.3 ppb, itself a record increase.[16]
  • 26 April: The Global Carbon Budget 2021 (published in Earth System Science Data) concludes that fossil CO2 emissions rebounded by around +4.8% relative to 2020 emissions – returning to 2019 levels, identifies three major issues for improving reliable accuracy of monitoring, shows that China and India surpassed 2019 levels (by 5.7% and 3.2%) while the EU and the US stayed beneath 2019 levels (by 5.3% and 4.5%), quantifies various changes and trends, for the first time provides models' estimates that are linked to the official country GHG inventories reporting, and shows that the remaining carbon budget at 1. Jan 2022 for a 50% likelihood to limit global warming to 1.5°C is 120 GtC (420 GtCO2) – or 11 years of 2021 emissions levels.[17]
  • 26 April: Scientists propose and preliminarily evaluate in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment a likely transgressed planetary boundary for green water in the water cycle, measured by root-zone soil moisture deviation from Holocene variability.[18][additional citation(s) needed] A study published one day earlier in Earth's Future integrates "green water" along with "blue water" into an index to measure and project water scarcity in agriculture for climate change scenarios.[19][20]
  • 27 April: the second edition of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification's Global Land Outlook concluded that "humans have already transformed more than 70% of the Earth's land area from its natural state, causing unparalleled environmental degradation and contributing significantly to global warming".[21]
  • May: the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority reported that a March 2022 aerial survey of the park indicated that 91% of the coral reefs showed "some bleaching", with bleaching patterns "largely consistent with the spatial distribution of heat stress accumulation".[22]
12 May: Researchers identify the 425 biggest fossil fuel extraction projects globally, 40% of which haven't yet started extraction, that threaten climate change mitigation of global climate goals.

Natural events and phenomena[edit]

  • 10 March: results of a 22-month study reported in Nature Portfolio's Scientific Reports indicated that several species of coral can survive and cope with future ocean conditions (temperature and acidity) consistent with then-current (late 2021) commitments under the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement, "provid(ing) hope for future reef ecosystem function globally".[43]
  • Reported in March: a coral bleaching event caused severe bleaching in 60 percent of the corals in Australia's Great Barrier Reef, in the reef's first such event occurring in a La Niña (cooling) year.[44]
  • 28 April: a study published in Nature stated that climate and land use change will produce novel opportunities for transmission of viruses between previously geographically-isolated species of wildlife, so that species will aggregate in new combinations to drive new cross-species transmission of their viruses an estimated 4,000 times.[45] The study concluded that holding warming under 2 °C within the century would not reduce future viral sharing.[45]
  • 27 June: with a small catalog of unknown bacteria, researchers suggest, in a Nature Biotechnology study, work on microbes soon to be released from melting glaciers across the world to identify and understand potential threats in advance and understand extremophiles.[46][47]
  • 28 June: A review in Environmental Research: Climate elucidates the current state of climate change extreme event attribution science, concluding probabilities and costs-severity of links as well as identifying potential ways for its improvement.[48][49]
  • 4 July: scientists report in Nature Communications that heatwaves in western Europe are increasing "three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of the northern midlatitudes over the past 42 years" and that certain atmospheric dynamical changes can (partly) explain their increase.[50][51]
  • 25 August: a study published in Scientific Reports concluded that the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires caused an abrupt rise in global mean lower stratosphere temperatures and extended the duration of the Antarctic ozone hole, validating concerns that wildfires intensified by global warming would undo progress achieved through the Montreal Protocol in preserving the ozone layer.[52]
  • Reported 1 September: Swiss Re Institute's economic insights report stated that insured losses from floods doubled to $80 billion globally during 2011–2020 compared to the previous decade, while insurance penetration remained at about 18%.[53]

Actions, and goal statements[edit]

Science and technology[edit]

Political, economic, legal, and cultural actions[edit]

Mitigation goal statements[edit]

  • 29 June: Environment ministers for European Union countries reached an agreement to eliminate carbon emissions from new cars by 2035, defining the states' stance for talks with the EU Parliament and European Commission on the Fit for 55 package.[77]

Adaptation goal statements[edit]

  • February: The U.S. Army's Climate Strategy includes providing 100% carbon-pollution-free electricity for Army installations' needs by 2030, achieving 50% reduction from 2005 levels in GHG emissions from all Army buildings by 2032, attaining net-zero GHG emissions from Army installations by 2045, fielding an all-electric light-duty non-tactical vehicle fleet by 2027, fielding purpose-built hybrid-drive tactical vehicles by 2035 and fully electric tactical vehicles by 2050, achieving carbon-pollution free contingency basing by 2050, and attaining net-zero GHG emissions from all Army procurements by 2050.[78]

Public opinion and scientific consensus[edit]

A 2022 study found that the public substantially underestimates the degree of scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change.[79] Studies from 2019–2021[80][81][82] found scientific consensus to range from 98.7–100%.
Research found that 80–90% of Americans underestimate the prevalence of support for major climate change mitigation policies and climate concern. While 66–80% Americans support these policies, Americans estimate the prevalence to be 37–43%. Researchers have called this misperception a false social reality, a form of pluralistic ignorance.[83]
National political divides on the seriousness of climate change consistently correlate with political ideology, with right-wing opinion being more negative.[84]

Projections[edit]

  • January: Deloitte published a report forecasting that failing to take sufficient action on climate change could result in economic losses to the US economy of $14.5 trillion(in present-value terms) over the next 50 years, and that decarbonization could catalyze transformational growth in the US economy that could result in $3 trillion added to the economy over that time period.[87]
  • 1 February: a study published in PLOS Climate projected a decline in global thermal refugia for coral reefs from 84% (2022) to 0.2% (at 1.5 °C of global warming), and 0% (at 2.0 °C of global warming), stating that management efforts on thermal refugia may only be effective in the short term.[88]
  • 15 February: NOAA's Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios said that relative sea level along the contiguous U.S. coastline is expected to rise on average as much over the next 30 years—25 to 30 centimetres (9.8 to 11.8 in)—as it has over the preceding 100 years.[89]
  • 23 February: the United Nations Environment Programme projected that climate change and land-use change will make wildfires more frequent and intense, with a global increase of extreme fires of up to 14% by 2030, 30% by 2050, and 50% by 2100.[90]
  • 30 March: an American Lung Association report stated that a national shift to 100 percent sales of zero-emission passenger vehicles (by 2035) and medium- and heavy-duty trucks (by 2040), coupled with renewable electricity, would generate over $1.2 trillion in public health benefits and avoid up to 110,000 premature deaths.[91]
  • 28 April: a study published in Science cited ocean warming and oxygen depletion, and concluded that "under business-as-usual global temperature increases, marine systems are likely to experience mass extinctions on par with past great extinctions based on ecophysiological limits alone", with polar species at highest risk.[92]
  • 9 May: a World Meteorological Organization update stated that there is a 50:50 chance of the annual average global temperature temporarily reaching 1.5 °C above pre-industrial level for at least one of the ensuing five years; in 2015 that probability was estimated as "close to zero".[93]
  • 16 May: a study published in GeoHealth concluded that eliminating energy-related fossil fuel emissions in the United States would prevent 46,900–59,400 premature deaths each year and provide $537–$678 billion in benefits from avoided PM2.5-related illness and death.[94]
  • 20 May: a study published in One Earth concluded that rising temperatures will continue to shorten sleep, primarily through delayed onset, increasing the probability of insufficient sleep and impacting human functioning, productivity, and health.[95] Those living in warmer climates were found to lose more sleep per degree of temperature rise, and elderly, women, with residents of lower-income countries being most impacted.[95]
  • 12 August: a study published in Science Advances stated that climate-caused changes in atmospheric rivers affecting California has already doubled the likelihood of megafloods—which can involve 100 inches (250 cm) of rain and/or melted snow in the mountains per month, or 25 to 34 feet (7.6 to 10.4 m) of snow in the Sierra Nevada—and runoff in a future extreme storm scenario is predicted to be 200 to 400% greater than historical values in the Sierra Nevada.[96]
  • 25 August: a study published in Communications Earth & Environment projected that, even if global warming is constrained to within 2.0 °C, by 2100 the "extremely dangerous"[Note 2] heat index threshold 124 °F (51 °C) is likely to be exceeded on more than 15 days each year in sub-Saharan Africa, parts of the Arabian peninsula, and much of the Indian subcontinent.[97] Exposure to "dangerous" (exceeding 103 °F (39 °C)) heat index levels are projected to likely increase by 50–100% across much of the tropics and increase by a factor of 3–10 in many regions throughout the midlatitudes.[97]
  • 29 August: a study published in Nature Climate Change projected, based on 2000–2019 climatology, that 3.3% of the Greenland ice sheet will melt, resulting in 274 millimetres (10.8 in) of global sea level rise—with "most" of the rise within the 21st century—regardless of how well greenhouse gas release is limited.[98]

Significant publications[edit]

  • IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group II:
  • Working Group II (27 February 2022). "Climate Change 2022 / Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability / Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC.ch. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2022. (36 pages; 10 MB)
  • Working Group II (27 February 2022). "Technical Summary" (PDF). IPCC.ch. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2022. Accepted, subject to final edits (96 pages; 20 MB)
  • Working Group II (27 February 2022). "Climate Change 2022 / Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (full report)" (PDF). IPCC.ch. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 February 2022. (3675 pages; 280 MB)
  • IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group III:

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ From Rennert et al.: "The social cost of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) measures the monetized value of the damages to society caused by an incremental metric tonne of CO2 emissions and is a key metric informing climate policy.
  2. ^ Per Vargas Zeppetello et al.: A heat index above 124°F is classified as "extremely dangerous" and can lead to heat stroke, a condition with a high mortality-case ratio that can lead to death within a matter of hours.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Guterres, António (28 February 2022). "António Guterres (UN Secretary-General) to the press conference launch of IPCC report". UN.org. United Nations. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
  2. ^ "World Economic Outlook - Update". IMF.org. Climate policies: International Monetary Fund. 22 January 2022. p. 12. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. (click "PDF Full Report" download link.)
  3. ^ Hannam, Peter (13 January 2022). "Australia matches its hottest day on record as Western Australia town hits 50.7C". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022.
  4. ^ Braun, Stuart (1 February 2022). "Can the Winter Olympics survive the climate crisis". Deutsche Welt. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022.
  5. ^ Scott, Daniel; Knowles, Natalie L.; Ma, Siyao; Rutty, Michelle; Steiger, Robert (10 January 2022). "Climate change and the future of the Olympic Winter Games: athlete and coach perspectives". Current Issues in Tourism: 1–16. doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.2023480. S2CID 245865532.
  6. ^ a b Tanaka, Kisei R.; Van Houtan, Kyle S. (1 February 2022). "The recent normalization of historical marine heat extremes". PLOS Climate. 1 (2): e0000007. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000007. S2CID 246506972.
  7. ^ Williams, A. Park; Cook, Benjamin I.; Smerdon, Jason E. (February 2022). "Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021". Nature Climate Change. 12 (3): 232–234. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..232W. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01290-z. S2CID 246815806.
  8. ^ "Climate crisis: Amazon rainforest tipping point is looming, data shows". The Guardian. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  9. ^ Boulton, Chris A.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Boers, Niklas (March 2022). "Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s". Nature Climate Change. 12 (3): 271–278. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..271B. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01287-8. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 247255222.
  10. ^ Spring, Jake (11 March 2022). "Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon hits second straight monthly record". Reuters. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  11. ^ Tate, Ryan Driskell (15 March 2022). "Bigger Than Oil or Gas? / Sizing Up Coal Mine Methane" (PDF). GlobalEnergyMonitor.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2022.
  12. ^ "Forests help reduce global warming in more ways than one". Science News. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  13. ^ Lawrence, Deborah; Coe, Michael; Walker, Wayne; Verchot, Louis; Vandecar, Karen (2022). "The Unseen Effects of Deforestation: Biophysical Effects on Climate". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 5. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.756115. ISSN 2624-893X.
  14. ^ a b c Jones, Dave (30 March 2022). "Global Electricity Review 2022". Ember-climate.org. Ember (non-profit organisation). Archived from the original on 2 April 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Global Electricity Review 2022" (PDF). Ember. March 2022. p. 27. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2022. "Countries with populations less than 3 million in 2021 were not included in this ranking."
  16. ^ "Increase in atmospheric methane set another record during 2021 / Carbon dioxide levels also record a big jump". NOAA.gov. 7 April 2022. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022.
  17. ^ Friedlingstein, Pierre; Jones, Matthew W.; O'Sullivan, Michael; et al. (26 April 2022). "Global Carbon Budget 2021". Earth System Science Data. 14 (4): 1917–2005. Bibcode:2022ESSD...14.1917F. doi:10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022. ISSN 1866-3508.
  18. ^ Wang-Erlandsson, Lan; Tobian, Arne; van der Ent, Ruud J.; Fetzer, Ingo; te Wierik, Sofie; Porkka, Miina; Staal, Arie; Jaramillo, Fernando; Dahlmann, Heindriken; Singh, Chandrakant; Greve, Peter; Gerten, Dieter; Keys, Patrick W.; Gleeson, Tom; Cornell, Sarah E.; Steffen, Will; Bai, Xuemei; Rockström, Johan (26 April 2022). "A planetary boundary for green water". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (6): 380–392. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3..380W. doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00287-8. ISSN 2662-138X. S2CID 248386281.
  19. ^ "Water scarcity predicted to worsen in more than 80% of croplands globally this century". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  20. ^ Liu, Xingcai; Liu, Wenfeng; Tang, Qiuhong; Liu, Bo; Wada, Yoshihide; Yang, Hong (April 2022). "Global Agricultural Water Scarcity Assessment Incorporating Blue and Green Water Availability Under Future Climate Change". Earth's Future. 10 (4). Bibcode:2022EaFut..1002567L. doi:10.1029/2021EF002567. S2CID 248398232.
  21. ^ "Global Land Outlook, Second Edition / Land Restoration for Recovery and Resilience" (PDF). UNCCD.int. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. 27 April 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2022. Section 1.1, "Earth in the Balance".
  22. ^ "Reef Health / Aerial surveys of the 2022 findings". gbrmpa.gov.au. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022.
  23. ^ Kühne, Kjell; Bartsch, Nils; Tate, Ryan Driskell; Higson, Julia; Habet, André (1 July 2022). ""Carbon Bombs" - Mapping key fossil fuel projects". Energy Policy. 166: 112950. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112950. ISSN 0301-4215. S2CID 248756651.
  24. ^ Trout, Kelly; Muttitt, Greg; Lafleur, Dimitri; Van de Graaf, Thijs; Mendelevitch, Roman; Mei, Lan; Meinshausen, Malte (17 May 2022). "Existing fossil fuel extraction would warm the world beyond 1.5 °C". Environmental Research Letters. 17 (6): 064010. Bibcode:2022ERL....17f4010T. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac6228. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 248853320.
  25. ^ Semieniuk, Gregor; Holden, Philip B.; Mercure, Jean-Francois; Salas, Pablo; Pollitt, Hector; Jobson, Katharine; Vercoulen, Pim; Chewpreecha, Unnada; Edwards, Neil R.; Viñuales, Jorge E. (June 2022). "Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies". Nature Climate Change. 12 (6): 532–538. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..532S. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01356-y. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 249069181.
  26. ^ "Harder Winters, Stronger Storms: New Data Reveals Climate Change Might Be More Rapid than Predicted". Weizmann Institute of Science. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  27. ^ Chemke, Rei; Ming, Yi; Yuval, Janni (June 2022). "The intensification of winter mid-latitude storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere". Nature Climate Change. 12 (6): 553–557. arXiv:2201.10413. Bibcode:2022NatCC..12..553C. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01368-8. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 249069023.
  28. ^ "NOAA reports carbon dioxide reaches levels not seen in millions of years". NY Post. 3 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels". NOAA. 3 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Climate impact of food miles three times greater than previously believed, study finds". The Guardian. 20 June 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  31. ^ Li, Mengyu; Jia, Nanfei; Lenzen, Manfred; Malik, Arunima; Wei, Liyuan; Jin, Yutong; Raubenheimer, David (June 2022). "Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions". Nature Food. 3 (6): 445–453. doi:10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w. ISSN 2662-1355. S2CID 249916086.
  32. ^ "How much do food miles matter and should you buy local produce?". New Scientist. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  33. ^ "Arctic temperatures are increasing four times faster than global warming". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  34. ^ Chylek, Petr; Folland, Chris; Klett, James D.; Wang, Muyin; Hengartner, Nick; Lesins, Glen; Dubey, Manvendra K. (16 July 2022). "Annual Mean Arctic Amplification 1970–2020: Observed and Simulated by CMIP6 Climate Models". Geophysical Research Letters. 49 (13). Bibcode:2022GeoRL..4999371C. doi:10.1029/2022GL099371. ISSN 0094-8276. S2CID 250097858.
  35. ^ "Forests are becoming less resilient because of climate change". New Scientist. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  36. ^ Forzieri, Giovanni; Dakos, Vasilis; McDowell, Nate G.; Ramdane, Alkama; Cescatti, Alessandro (August 2022). "Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change". Nature. 608 (7923): 534–539. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04959-9. ISSN 1476-4687.
  37. ^ Pedroso, Rodrigo; Engels, Jorge. "Brazil sees record Amazon deforestation in first half of 2022". CNN. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  38. ^ "Marine heatwave: Record sea temperatures seen in the Mediterranean could devastate marine life". interestingengineering.com. 20 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  39. ^ Garrabou, Joaquim; Gómez‐Gras, Daniel; Medrano, Alba; Cerrano, Carlo; Ponti, Massimo; Schlegel, Robert; Bensoussan, Nathaniel; Turicchia, Eva; Sini, Maria; Gerovasileiou, Vasilis; et al. (18 July 2022). "Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea". Global Change Biology: gcb.16301. doi:10.1111/gcb.16301. ISSN 1354-1013.
  40. ^ Mora, Camilo; McKenzie, Tristan; Gaw, Isabella M.; Dean, Jacqueline M.; et al. (8 August 2022). "Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01426-1.
  41. ^ Mannerfelt, Erik Schytt; Dehecq, Amaury; Hugonnet, Romain; Hodel, Ellias; et al. (22 August 2022). "Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry". The Cryosphere. 16: 3249. doi:10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022.
  42. ^ Rennert, Kevin; Errickson, Frank; Prest, Brian C.; Rennels, Lisa; et al. (1 September 2022). "Comprehensive Evidence Implies a Higher Social Cost of CO2". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05224-9.
  43. ^ McLachlan, Rowan H.; Price, James T.; Muñoz-Garcia, Agustí; Weisleder, Noah L.; et al. (10 March 2022). "Physiological acclimatization in Hawaiian corals following a 22-month shift in baseline seawater temperature and pH". Scientific Reports. 12 (3712): 3712. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.3712M. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06896-z. PMC 8913750. PMID 35273199.
  44. ^ Cave, Damien (25 March 2022). "'Can't Cope': Australia's Great Barrier Reef Suffers 6th Mass Bleaching Event". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022.
  45. ^ a b Carlson, Colin J.; Albery, Gregory F.; Merow, Cory; Trisos, Christopher H.; et al. (28 April 2022). "Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w. PMID 35483403. S2CID 248430532.
  46. ^ Yirka, Bob. "Bacteria species found in glacial ice could pose disease risk as glaciers melt from global warming". phys.org. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  47. ^ Liu, Yongqin; Ji, Mukan; Yu, Tao; Zaugg, Julian; Anesio, Alexandre M.; Zhang, Zhihao; Hu, Songnian; Hugenholtz, Philip; Liu, Keshao; Liu, Pengfei; Chen, Yuying; Luo, Yingfeng; Yao, Tandong (27 June 2022). "A genome and gene catalog of glacier microbiomes". Nature Biotechnology: 1–8. doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01367-2. ISSN 1546-1696. PMID 35760913. S2CID 250091380.
  48. ^ "Climate change is driving 2022 extreme heat and flooding". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  49. ^ Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Stuart-Smith, Rupert; Harrington, Luke (28 June 2022). "Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective". Environmental Research: Climate. 1 (1): 012001. doi:10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d. ISSN 2752-5295. S2CID 250134589.
  50. ^ Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022). "Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  51. ^ Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim (4 July 2022). "Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 3851. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y. ISSN 2041-1723.
  52. ^ Damany-Pearce, Lilly; Johnson, Ben; Wells, Alice; Osborne, Martin; et al. (25 August 2022). "Australian wildfires cause the largest stratospheric warming since Pinatubo and extends the lifetime of the Antarctic ozone hole". Scientific Reports. 12: 12665. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15794-3. ● Explained by Pannett, Rachel (25 August 2022). "Australia fires damaged ozone layer, caused major warming, study says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022.
  53. ^ Hussain, Noor Zainab; Cohn, Carolyn (1 September 2022). "Low rate of flood insurance cover spells danger as climate crisis deepens". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 September 2022.
  54. ^ Biermann, Frank; Oomen, Jeroen; Gupta, Aarti; Ali, Saleem H.; et al. (17 January 2022). Hulme, Mike (ed.). "Solar geoengineering: The case for an international non-use agreement". WIREs Climate Change. 13 (3): e754. doi:10.1002/wcc.754. S2CID 248893182. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  55. ^ a b Gunia, Amy (28 January 2022). "Australia Just Exported Its First Batch of Fuel That Doesn't Emit CO2. There's Just One Catch". TIME. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. (pay wall in original link)
  56. ^ "The Med gets first offshore wind farm as Italy vows energy revolution". France 24. 16 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022.
  57. ^ "Sharp cut in methane now could help avoid worst of climate crisis". The Guardian. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  58. ^ Dreyfus, Gabrielle B.; Xu, Yangyang; Shindell, Drew T.; Zaelke, Durwood; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran (23 May 2022). "Mitigating climate disruption in time: A self-consistent approach for avoiding both near-term and long-term global warming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (22): e2123536119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11923536D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2123536119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9295773. PMID 35605122. S2CID 249014617.
  59. ^ Hanley, Steve (4 July 2022). "Latest Project Drawdown Update Adds 11 New Ways To Stop Global Heating". CleanTechnica. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  60. ^ "Project Drawdown updates world's leading set of climate solutions—adding 11 new solutions for addressing the climate crisis". Project Drawdown. 24 June 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  61. ^ Gorman, Miranda R.; Dzombak, David A.; Frischmann, Chad (1 September 2022). "Potential global GHG emissions reduction from increased adoption of metals recycling". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 184: 106424. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106424. ISSN 0921-3449. S2CID 249321004.
  62. ^ Harvey, George (4 July 2022). "We Can Have (Just About) Everything We Want For Energy & The Climate". CleanTechnica. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  63. ^ Jacobson, Mark Z.; Krauland, Anna-Katharina von; Coughlin, Stephen J.; Dukas, Emily; Nelson, Alexander J. H.; Palmer, Frances C.; Rasmussen, Kylie R. (28 June 2022). "Low-cost solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity for 145 countries" (PDF). Energy & Environmental Science. doi:10.1039/D2EE00722C. ISSN 1754-5706. S2CID 250126767.
  64. ^ a b c Frangoul, Anmar (22 July 2022). "A pilot project in the North Sea will develop floating solar panels that glide over waves 'like a carpet'". CNBC. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022.
  65. ^ Dooley, Kate; Nicholls, Zebedee. "Nature restoration no substitute for cutting fossil fuels". phys.org. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  66. ^ Dooley, Kate; Nicholls, Zebedee; Meinshausen, Malte (15 July 2022). "Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions". One Earth. 5 (7): 812–824. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.06.002. ISSN 2590-3330.
  67. ^ Baraniuk, Chris (24 January 2022). "A human right to nature: The people suing governments for environmental damage". BBC Science Focus. No. 372. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022.
  68. ^ "World Bank sells first 'rhino' bond to help South Africa's conservation efforts". Reuters. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022.
  69. ^ "MENACW 2022 Galvanizes Regional Momentum for COP27". UNFCCC.int. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 31 March 2022. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022.
  70. ^ a b Masterson, Victoria (8 April 2022). "Wind and solar generated 10% of global electricity in 2021 - a world first". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022.
  71. ^ "National Inquiry on Climate Change" (PDF). CHR.gov.ph. Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines. 6 May 2022. pp. 79, 89–91. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2022. The 161-page PDF document applied the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, among other internationally recognized principles
  72. ^ Harvey, Fiona (30 May 2022). "G7 countries to stop funding fossil fuel development overseas". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022.
  73. ^ Vazquez, Maegan; Judd, Donald. "Biden signs Inflation Reduction Act into law". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022.
  74. ^ Friedman, Lisa (22 August 2022). "Democrats Designed the Climate Law to Be a Game Changer. Here's How". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022.
  75. ^ Capstick, Stuart; Thierry, Aaron; Cox, Emily; Beglund, Oscar; et al. (29 August 2022). "Civil disobedience by scientists helps press for urgent climate action". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01461-y. ● Explained by Tigue, Kristoffer (30 August 2022). "Scientists Again Call for Civil Disobedience To Spur Climate Action, Saying 'Time is Short'". Inside Climate News. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022.
  76. ^ Egypt Today staff (22 December 2021). "COP27 to highlight importance of integrating environmental issues into educational curricula". Egypt Today. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021.
  77. ^ Ainger, John; Krukowska, Ewa; Bloomberg (29 June 2022). "Europe calls the end of the combustion engine era with deal to eliminate CO2-emitting cars by 2035". Fortune. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022.
  78. ^ "Climate Strategy" (PDF). army.mil. United States Army. February 2022. pp. 6, 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2022.
  79. ^ "Public perceptions on climate change" (PDF). PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of Kings College London. June 2022. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2022.
  80. ^ Powell, James (20 November 2019). "Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming". Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. 37 (4): 183–184. doi:10.1177/0270467619886266. S2CID 213454806.
  81. ^ Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (19 October 2021). "Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (11): 114005.
  82. ^ Myers, Krista F.; Doran, Peter T.; Cook, John; Kotcher, John E.; Myers, Teresa A. (20 October 2021). "Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (10): 104030. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774.
  83. ^ Sparkman, Gregg; Geiger, Nathan; Weber, Elke U. (23 August 2022). "Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half". Nature Communications. Fig. 3. 13: 4779. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32412-y.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link) ● Explained in Yoder, Kate (29 August 2022). "Americans are convinced climate action is unpopular. They're very, very wrong. / Support for climate policies is double what most people think, a new study found". Grist. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022.
  84. ^ Poushter, Jacob; Fagan, Moira; Gubbala, Sneha (31 August 2022). "Climate Change Remains Top Global Threat Across 19-Country Survey". pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 31 August 2022. Only statistically significant differences shown.
  85. ^ Leiserowitz, Anthony; Maibach, Edward; Rosenthal, Seth; Kotcher, John; et al. (12 January 2022). "Global Warming's Six Americas, September 2021". climatecommunication.yale.edu. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Archived from the original on 13 January 2022.
  86. ^ Breyer, Christian; Khalili, Siavash; Bogdanov, Dmitrii; Ram, Manish; Oyewo, Ayobami Solomon; Aghahosseini, Arman; Gulagi, Ashish; Solomon, A. A.; Keiner, Dominik; Lopez, Gabriel; Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Lund, Henrik; Mathiesen, Brian V.; Jacobson, Mark Z.; Victoria, Marta; Teske, Sven; Pregger, Thomas; Fthenakis, Vasilis; Raugei, Marco; Holttinen, Hannele; Bardi, Ugo; Hoekstra, Auke; Sovacool, Benjamin K. (2022). "On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research". IEEE Access. 10: 78176–78218. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193402. ISSN 2169-3536.
  87. ^ Pradeep, Philip; Ibrahim, Claire; Hodges, Cedric (January 2022). "The turning point / A new economic climate in the United States" (PDF). Deloitte.com. pp. 4–7. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022.
  88. ^ Dixon, Adele M.; Forster, Piers M.; Heron, Scott F.; Stoner, Anne M. K.; Beger, Maria (1 February 2022). "Future loss of local-scale thermal refugia in coral reef ecosystems". PLOS Climate. 1 (2): e0000004. doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000004. S2CID 246512448.
  89. ^ "Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States / Updated Mean Projections and Extreme Water Level Probabilities Along U.S. Coastlines / NOAA Technical Report NOS 01 / Executive Summary" (PDF). NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 15 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2022. (Full report)
  90. ^ "Number of wildfires to rise by 50% by 2100 and governments are not prepared, experts warn". UNEP.org. United Nations Environment Programme. 23 February 2022. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Download link for report itself: "Spreading like Wildfire: The Rising Threat of Extraordinary Landscape Fires".
  91. ^ "Zeroing in on Healthy Air / A National Assessment of Health and Climate Benefits of Zero-Emission Transportation and Electricity" (PDF). lung.org. American Lung Association. March 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2022.
  92. ^ Penn, Justin L.; Deutsch, Curtis (28 April 2022). "Avoiding ocean mass extinction from climate warming". Science. 376 (6592): 524–526. Bibcode:2022Sci...376..524P. doi:10.1126/science.abe9039. PMID 35482875. S2CID 248430574.
  93. ^ "WMO update: 50:50 chance of global temperature temporarily reaching 1.5°C threshold in next five years". World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022.
  94. ^ Mailloux, Nicholas A.; Abel, David W.; Holloway, Tracey; Patz, Jonathan A. (16 May 2022). "Nationwide and Regional PM2.5-Related Air Quality Health Benefits From the Removal of Energy-Related Emissions in the United States". GeoHealth. 6 (5): e2022GH000603. doi:10.1029/2022GH000603. PMC 9109601. PMID 35599962.
  95. ^ a b Minor, Kelton; Bjerre-Nielsen, Andreas; Jonasdotti, Sigga Svala; Lehmann, Sune; Obradovich, Nick (20 May 2022). "Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally". One Earth. Cell Press. 5 (5): 534–549. Bibcode:2022OEart...5..534M. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008. S2CID 248956215.
  96. ^ Huang, Xingying; Swain, Daniel L (12 August 2022). "Climate change is increasing the risk of a California megaflood". Science Advances. 8 (32). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq09. Explained by Cappucci, Matthew (12 August 2022). "A 'megaflood' in California could drop 100 inches of rain, scientists warn". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022.
  97. ^ a b Vargas Zeppetello, Lucas R.; Raftery, Adrian E.; Battisti, David S. (25 August 2022). "Probabilistic projections of increased heat stress driven by climate change". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (183). doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00524-4.
  98. ^ Box, Jason E.; Hubbard, Alun; Bahr, David B.; Colgan, William T.; et al. (29 August 2022). "Greenland ice sheet climate disequilibrium and committed sea-level rise". Nature Climate Change. doi:10.1038/s41558-022-01441-2. ● Explained by Mooney, Chris (29 August 2022). "Greenland ice sheet set to raise sea levels by nearly a foot, study finds". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022.

External links[edit]

Organizations[edit]

Surveys, summaries and report lists[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_in_climate_change&oldid=1108402997"