Atlantic History: History of the Atlantic System 1580-1830

18th century activities African already areas Atlantic authorities became beginning Britain British cacao Cadiz Cambridge capital century claim coast colonial commerce concept concerned continued countries cultural dependent Dutch early economic eighteenth century Empire England English especially established Europe European example exchange existence expansion exports fact foreign France French German growth impact important increased Indian industrial interests islands John land later living London Madeira means merchants migration nature networks North America Ocean origin period political population ports Portuguese position present production profits question reason recent reference regions relations remained result role ships slave trade Slavery social society sources Spain Spanish sugar traditional United University West Western York