Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence

Achaemenid Akkadian Akkadian period alloy Amiet analyses Anatolia ancient appear archaeological Arpachiyah artefacts Assurnasirpal II Babylon baked clay beads bitumen bowl bricks Bronze Age calcite carved cast cent century bc colour context copper cornelian craft cylinder seals decoration earliest Early Dynastic East Egypt Egyptian Blue Euphrates evidence excavations faience fragments frit Gawra glass glazed gold graves gypsum ibid identified indicate inlays inscriptions Iran iron ivory Kassite kiln Kish lapis lazuli later Layard limestone Mallowan manufacture material Mesopotamia metal Moorey moulded mudbrick Muhly Neo-Assyrian Nimrud Nineveh Nippur Nuzi objects obsidian Old Babylonian ornaments oxide painted palace pottery prehistoric production quartz rare region repertory reported royal sculpture second millennium bc shape shell silver smelting sources steatite stone vessels Sumer Sumerian surface Susa Syria techniques Tell Telloh temple Tepe texts textual third millennium bc Ubaid Ubaid period Uruk whilst Woolley workshops