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Section S S index 401-409 of 1376 terms
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sikussak—Very old sea ice trapped in fjords. It resembles glacier ice because snowfall and snowdrifts contribute to its formation.
sill depth—(Also called threshold depth.) The maximum depth at which there is horizontal communication between an ocean basin and the open ocean.
silt-discharge rating—(Archaic.) Term formerly used synonymously with sediment discharge rating.
silt—Sediment particles in the size range of 1/256 to 1/16 mm (or 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm). Traditionally, sediment particle sizes in the silt-sized range are defined by their sedimentation diameter.
silver-disk pyrheliometer—An instrument used for the measurement of direct solar radiation. It consists of a silver disk located at the lower end of a tube containing a diaphragm that serves as the radiation receiver for a calorimeter. Radiation falling on the silver disk is periodically intercepted by means of a shutter located in the tube, causing temperature fluctuations of the calorimeter that are proportional to the intensity of the radiation. The instrument is normally used as a secondary instrument and is calibrated against the water-flow pyrheliometer. It was used by the U.S. Weather Bureau as a standard instrument. Currently, this instrument's function has been replaced by an absolute cavity radiometer. See pyrheliometer, cavity radiometer.
silver frost—(Also called silver thaw.) Colloquial expression for a deposit of glaze built up on trees, shrubs, and other exposed objects during a fall of freezing precipitation; the product of an ice storm.
silver iodide seeding—See cloud seeding.
silver iodide—An inorganic chemical compound, AgI, that has a crystalline structure (symmetry; lattice spacing) similar to ice and a very low solubility in water, and can be easily generated as an aerosol. It was discovered by Bernard Vonnegut in 1947 after a search of the crystallographic tables as an effective nucleating agent for supercooled water. In cloud seeding applications it is usually combined with small amounts of other materials (e.g., bromine, chlorine, copper) to enhance nucleating properties through change of lattice dimension to approach more closely that of ice.
Vonnegut, B., 1947: The nucleation of ice formation by silver iodide. J. Appl. Phys., 18, p. 593.
silver storm—Same as ice storm.
silver thaw—Same as silver frost.
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