Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 0.64185 5.9736 0.107
Volume (1010 km3) 16.318 108.321 0.151
Equatorial radius (km) 3396.2 6378.1 0.532
Polar radius (km) 3376.2 6356.8 0.531
Volumetric mean radius (km) 3389.5 6371.0 0.532
Core radius (km) 1700 3485 0.488
Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.00589 0.00335 1.76
Mean density (kg/m3) 3933 5515 0.713
Surface gravity (m/s2) 3.71 9.80 0.379
Surface acceleration (m/s2) 3.69 9.78 0.377
Escape velocity (km/s) 5.03 11.19 0.450
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.04283 0.3986 0.107
Bond albedo 0.250 0.306 0.817
Visual geometric albedo 0.170 0.367 0.463
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 -
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 589.2 1367.6 0.431
Black-body temperature (K) 210.1 254.3 0.826
Topographic range (km) 30 20 1.500
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.366 0.3308 1.106
J2 (x 10-6) 1960.45 1082.63 1.811
Number of natural satellites 2 1
Planetary ring system No No
Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
Semimajor axis (106 km) 227.92 149.60 1.524
Sidereal orbit period (days) 686.980 365.256 1.881
Tropical orbit period (days) 686.973 365.242 1.881
Perihelion (106 km) 206.62 147.09 1.405
Aphelion (106 km) 249.23 152.10 1.639
Synodic period (days) 779.94 - -
Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 24.13 29.78 0.810
Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 26.50 30.29 0.875
Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 21.97 29.29 0.750
Orbit inclination (deg) 1.850 0.000 -
Orbit eccentricity 0.0935 0.0167 5.599
Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 24.6229 23.9345 1.029
Length of day (hrs) 24.6597 24.0000 1.027
Obliquity to orbit (deg) 25.19 23.44 1.075
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 55.7
Maximum (106 km) 401.3
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 25.1
Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.5
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 78.39
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 17.9
Apparent visual magnitude -2.0
Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.91
Semimajor axis (AU) 1.52366231 Orbital eccentricity 0.09341233 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.85061 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 49.57854 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 336.04084 Mean Longitude (deg) 355.45332
Right Ascension: 317.681 - 0.106T Declination : 52.887 - 0.061T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date
Surface pressure: 6.36 mb at mean radius (variable from 4.0 to 8.7 mb depending on season)
[6.9 mb to 9 mb (Viking 1 Lander site)]
Surface density: ~0.020 kg/m3
Scale height: 11.1 km
Total mass of atmosphere: ~2.5 x 1016 kg
Average temperature: ~210 K (-63 C)
Diurnal temperature range: 184 K to 242 K (-89 to -31 C) (Viking 1 Lander site)
Wind speeds: 2-7 m/s (summer), 5-10 m/s (fall), 17-30 m/s (dust storm) (Viking Lander sites)
Mean molecular weight: 43.34 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (by volume):
Major : Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 95.32% ; Nitrogen (N2) - 2.7%
Argon (Ar) - 1.6%; Oxygen (O2) - 0.13%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 0.08%
Minor (ppm): Water (H2O) - 210; Nitrogen Oxide (NO) - 100; Neon (Ne) - 2.5;
Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen (HDO) - 0.85; Krypton (Kr) - 0.3;
Xenon (Xe) - 0.08
Phobos Deimos
Semi-major axis* (km) 9378 23459
Sidereal orbit period (days) 0.31891 1.26244
Sidereal rotation period (days) 0.31891 1.26244
Orbital inclination (deg) 1.08 1.79
Orbital eccentricity 0.0151 0.0005
Major axis radius (km) 13.4 7.5
Median axis radius (km) 11.2 6.1
Minor axis radius (km) 9.2 5.2
Mass (1015 kg) 10.6 2.4
Mean density (kg/m3) 1900 1750
Geometric albedo 0.07 0.08
Visual magnitude V(1,0) +11.8 +12.89
Apparent visual magnitude (V0) 11.3 12.40
*Mean orbital distance from the center of Mars.
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