- Copy the new podcast(s) to the folder where your pre-existing podcast files are stored. This is usually in the Music » iTunes » Podcasts folder, but do a search if it's not in there.
- Open up iTunes 8.1 or later and select File » Add to Library.
- Select the podcast files from the directory you added them to. You can select several files all the same time by Shift-clicking. Click Open once you have the files selected.
[robg adds: I had an email exchange with the author, because for me, this process is automatic; just select Add to Library and everything works. The difference is that the author has disabled the 'Copy files to iTunes Music folder when adding to library' option on the Advanced tab of iTunes' Preferences.]